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1. The reference is simply an alias of the referenced variable (object), and it needs to be emphasized that the reference is not a data type and does not occupy storage space.

2. When declaring a reference, remember to initialize it.

3. The reference is initialized and cannot be an alias for another variable (object) (cannot be assigned to another variable).

4. A modification to a reference is a modification to the referenced variable (object), because the reference is an alias of the referenced variable (object).

5. The following situations must be implemented using a reference:

(1) Stream operators << and >>

(2) The return value of the assignment operator =

(3) parameter of copy constructor function

(4) parameter of assignment operator =

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