Learn to drive an automatic train

I. Automatic Vehicle stalls

Generally, the automatic transmission of an automatic transmission is divided into P, R, N, D, 2 (or S), L (or 1), and so on. The following describes in detail:

P (Parking) Parking range, or parking range:

P is used for parking. It uses mechanical devices to lock the rotating part of the car so that the car cannot move. When the engine is running, as long as the shift lever is selected in the driving position, the automatic transmission car can easily walk. When parking, the shift lever must be pulled into the P position, so that the output shaft is locked through the parking brake device inside the transmission, and the Manual brake is tightened to prevent the car from moving. When a car needs to stay in a fixed position for a long time, or before leaving the car after the stop, you should pull the hand brake and push the dial lever to the "P" position. Note: The vehicle must be able to use the P gear only when it is completely stopped, or the Mechanical Branch of the automatic transmission will be damaged. When you do not stop, the gear is here, and the wheel is locked mechanically to prevent slipping. In addition, the automatic variable speed car is equipped with a gap to start the switch, so that the car can only start the engine in the "P" or "N, in this way, the car suddenly exists when it is mistakenly started in other gear positions.

R (reverse) reverse:

R is used for reversing. Unlike manual transmission cars, automatic transmission cars can use semi-linkage. Therefore, when reversing, pay special attention to the control of the accelerator pedal. Generally, you need to press the insurance button on the dial to move the dial to the "R" file. Note: when the vehicle is not completely stopped, it cannot be forcibly transferred to the "R" gear; otherwise, the transmission will be seriously damaged.

N (neutral) Gap:

N-position refers to an empty shift, which can be used at startup or during trailer or temporary parking (such as a red light. To prevent the vehicle from moving on the slope, you must press the brakes when the gap is reached. Place the dial lever on the "N" gear, and the power between the engine and the transmission has been cut off. For a short stop, place the dial lever in this position and pull out the hand brake lever. The right foot can be moved away from the brake pedal for a short rest. When waiting for a signal or traffic jam, the shift lever is often maintained at the D position, and the brakes are also applied. If the time is short, it is allowed to do so, but if the stop time is long, it is best to change to N places, and tighten the manual brake. Because the shift lever is in the driving position, automatic transmission cars generally have a weak driving trend, a long time when the brake is forced to stop this trend, so that the oil temperature of the transmission increases, the oil is easy to deteriorate. Especially when the air conditioner works and the engine is idle, it is more unfavorable. For fuel-saving purposes, some drivers pull the shift lever to n-position slide during high-speed or downhill driving, which is easy to burn out the transmission, because the output shaft speed of the transmission is very high, while the engine is idle, oil Pump supply is insufficient, the lubrication condition deteriorates, and transmission is easy to burn out.

D (drive) Advance gear, also known as drive gear:

D. The gearbox will be in the range of 1 ~ Overspeed (equivalent to 1 ~ 4) automatic switch based on the speed and throttling. This gear is used on general roads. Because models in different countries have different designs, the "D" Gear generally ranges from grade 1 to grade 2 to Grade 2, and will automatically shift due to changes in speed and load. Place the dial on the "D" file, and the driver can control the speed as long as the accelerator pedal is properly controlled. Place the shift lever in D position during normal driving, and the car can be in 1 ~ Automatic Shift between 4 (or 3. D-position is the most commonly used driving position. You need to know: Because the automatic transmission determines the gear position based on the accelerator size and speed, the accelerator pedal operation method is different, and the speed of the shift is also different. If the accelerator pedal is quickly stepped on at the beginning, the accelerator pedal is late, and the acceleration capability is strong, after a certain speed, the accelerator pedal will be released quickly, the car will be able to immediately upgrade, so that the engine noise is low, good comfort. Another feature of D-position is forced low-end, which makes it easy to overtake a car at high speed. in D-position driving, fast speed will step on the accelerator pedal to the end, and the forced low-end switch will be able to automatically shift, and the car will be quickly accelerated, the accelerator pedal is released after the car is overtaking and can be automatically upgraded.

S or 2 (second gear) 2:

The second gear is a low-speed forward gear, which also indicates a limited gear. When the gear is started, the first gear is used. After the gear is started, the gearbox is located at the second gear for start of slippery road surface, or use it as the limit during slow forward. You can start up on a large slope or on a relatively skewed slope. Hanging the shift gear here can limit the automatic switch of the vehicle's shift gear only on the low-end location (equivalent to the first and second gear of the manual shift car) to ensure that the car gets the maximum forward power. Place the dial lever in the second gear. The car starts from the first gear. When the speed increases, it automatically switches to the second gear. The second gear can be used for the upper and lower slopes. The benefit of this gear section is that when the vehicle is skewed or skewed, it will be kept in the first or second gear stably, the transmission will not be continuously switched due to the load or speed imbalance of the upper oblique. When the slope is down, the engine's low-speed resistance will be used for braking, and it will not make the car faster (another type of S represents the sport mode, as described below ).

S indicates sport)

S indicates that the transmission can shift freely under this gear shift, but the shift time will be delayed, so that the vehicle power can be increased for a long time at high speed. Obviously, this will increase fuel consumption.

L (low) or 1 (first gear) low speed, also known as 1:

L shift is also a low forward shift. When you move down the hill or down the long-distance slope, hanging the shift here can limit the automatic shift of the car to the lowest level (equivalent to the first shift of the manual shift car) it can make the car use the engine power to brake when downhill, the driver does not need to step on the brakes for a long time, leading to the brake pad overheating and risk. At this time, the transmission can only work within the first gear, and cannot be changed to other gear positions. It is most useful in serious traffic jams and slopes with a high slope. The torque of the vehicle engine can be fully utilized in the upper or lower slopes.

Ii. Use of S and L-bit low

The automatic transmission is in the low-end range on the S-or L-position, and can be used in the case of ramps. The s position or L position can take full advantage of the engine brake to avoid overheating of the wheel brake, resulting in decreased braking efficiency. However, when the D-position is switched to the S-or L-position, the speed cannot be higher than the speed of the corresponding Gear-up. Otherwise, the engine will have a strong vibration, so that the oil temperature of the transmission will rise sharply and even damage the transmission. In addition, in the rain and fog weather, if the road surface adhesion conditions are poor, you can switch to the s position or L position, fixed in a certain low-grade driving, do not use the position that can automatically shift, so as to avoid vehicle skid. At the same time, it must be kept in mind that the shift lever can be pushed into N positions during skid to cut off the engine power to ensure driving safety.

Iii. Use of automatic vehicles

1. When the engine is started, the automatic gearbox also limits the gear position. This is the adjustment made by the manufacturer for the sake of safety. Generally, the engine can be started only when the shift lever is in the position of P or N. If the transmission lever is in a drive position, such as D and R, the engine cannot start. The purpose of this restriction is to prevent collision between the vehicle and the front and rear objects. If a newbie cannot start the engine, check whether there is an error. If it is not P or N, you should first adjust it and then start the car;

2. How to start with N: when your vehicle starts, you can turn on the power first, press on the brakes, and push the gear to N before ignition, after mounting to the D file, move forward directly. This will avoid the r file after the P file is ignited, so that the gearbox will go through a reverse impact! In addition, when suddenly flameout during driving, the gear can be quickly pushed to the n-gear fire to start the engine while ensuring safety;

3. When the car is about to start, only the brake pedal can be stepped down to remove the shift lever from the P or N gear and switch to the drive gear. Release the brake pedal and the car will be able to drive slowly. The purpose of stepping on the brakes in advance is to ensure the safety of drivers and cars. Otherwise, after the engine is started, the vehicle will move when it is mounted to the forward gear. If the driver does not respond enough, it is easy to have a collision accident;

4. You can freely switch the forward gear while driving. Although these gears are limited to the highest gear positions that can be reached, they can be freely switched as long as they match the speed;

5. Do not mount n slide during driving. Because lubrication is required in the automatic transmission, when the gear is placed on N during driving, the oil pump cannot be properly supplied for lubrication, this will increase the temperature of the internal component of the gearbox and cause complete damage! In addition, high-speed dry-shift sliding is also very dangerous, and it is not fuel-efficient. When the system slides to the stop at low speed, you can mount n files in advance, which has no effect;

6. Do not push the drive into the drive, unless you do not want to get the car. When you need to change the driving direction, you must wait for the vehicle to stop stable before switching the gear position;

7. Because there is a hydraulic transmission mechanism in the automatic gearbox, and the liquid flow has a certain degree of inertia, it cannot suddenly change, so it is best to stop the car and then mount it into the reverse gear. Before the vehicle stops completely, it is absolutely prohibited to mount the transmission lever into the P file. After parking, you must turn off the fire and mount the P file to extract the key. Many people are used to stopping and pushing them directly to the P archive to stop and pull the handbrake. Careful people will find this operation, after the flameout, generally the vehicle will be a small movement before and after the uneven road surface, and then there is a snap device in the p gear box and the gear is biting, at this time, the Movement will have a slight impact on the variable speed gear! The correct method should be: after the car enters the parking position, it can step on the brakes and pull the shift lever to N, pull the handbrake, release the foot brake and turn it off, and finally push the shift lever into P! Of course, this is also the protection of the gearbox;

8. The handbrake must be used for long-time parking; otherwise, the locking mechanism of the automatic transmission will be damaged. The difference between the P and N files is that there is a gear in the gearbox when the P file is in place. It is not only used for parking, but also helps the vehicle to brake. After parking, you must push the gear to the P file, the switch is not mounted on N files and relies solely on the handbrake to brake! This is especially true for parking where there is a slope;

9. When the red light is reached, should I use the N or D gear? You can temporarily stop and hold the brakes on the d gear according to your habits and there is no damage to the car, because the torque converter in the gearbox is equipped with a set of reaction wheels with one-way clutch, its function is to enlarge the torque from the engine crankshaft, it will not rotate at the engine idle speed, it takes effect only when the engine speed increases. So it doesn't matter when you press the brakes and other red lights. It's Okay To hook n to pull the handbrake. Generally, if you stop for more than half a minute, You need to mount the N handwheel. If the parking time is short, you can just press the brakes and wait.

4. Automatic Vehicle Driving Skills

Generally, the Shift Range of the automatic shift is. If you re-step on the accelerator, the gearbox will automatically delay the shift time to obtain a long-time high-power output, which will generally be upgraded After 3000 rpm, when the whole step is completed, it will be upgraded to the next step only when the speed reaches the Red Line (this setting basically replaces the effect of S ). On the contrary, if you step on the accelerator gearbox, it will first be upgraded to the next gear when the speed is less than 2000, in order to match the driver's intention and fuel-saving purpose.

It is correct to automatically step on the file to increase the file in advance (but you must also choose the time to step on and loosen the file), but this is to achieve the goal of relative fuel saving at the expense of acceleration, it cannot accelerate vehicles faster. When the speed rises to the Shift range, as long as you close the throttle, the automatic gearbox will automatically give instructions for downgrading, and the engine speed will decrease when you close the oil, just as the gear ratio of the first gear is better than that of the first gear, you will feel that the entire shift process is smoother and the ride is more comfortable.

* It should be noted that the power output of the current gear cannot meet the requirements of automatic downgrading because the power output of the current gear cannot meet the requirements cannot be obtained after the gear is upgraded in advance, return to the lower gear level to cause a hop! In this case, the riders can experiment several times to master the control scale of their car gearbox.

When the 1/2 (restricted) files work, it is when the files are uphill and downhill. First, if the slope is very high, you can even mount 2 or 1 to complete the climbing and then mount it to the drive. When downgrading, the limit gear is used as an auxiliary brake. We all know that the manual gear is driving in the mountainous area, when the Downhill Slope and the uphill slope (of course there is no need to do this) it can be attached to a lower gear position as the secondary brake, while the automatic gear does not have the secondary brake function when the D gear is located. It will only slide faster. At this time, you can mount the limit file, and use the limit gear to rise to achieve secondary braking with the engine as the brake, to reduce the pressure on the brake pad.

The limit file can also be used as a forced downgrading. That is to say, when you need a powerful torque output for a long time, you can use it to control the gear position at a lower gear level, or when the vehicle is overtaking, you can pull down the stalls directly. However, the automatic transmission will also determine whether to downgrade based on the degree you step on the accelerator. For example, if you want to advance the speed of a slow car, you can first release the accelerator and then step on it, at this time, the gearbox will automatically fall to the first or even second gear to meet your power requirements. After the car is overtaking, the accelerator will be released and the gear will return to the proper gear position at the current speed, in this case, you do not need to use the limit file, just use the throttle to control it.

5. Precautions for Automatic File migration

1) a vehicle can be launched only when the P and N Gears are in place. The P gear must be taken out of the gear lever and the brakes must be pressed. When you start a vehicle and start it directly forward, you can first turn on the power (without the engine), press the brakes to pull the gear to N, and then ignition, after mounting to the D file, move forward directly. This will avoid the r file after the P file is ignited, so that the gearbox will go through a reverse impact! In addition, when suddenly flameout during driving, the gear can be quickly pushed to the n-gear fire to start the engine while ensuring safety.

2) generally, you do not need to press the shift button when switching between N, D, and 3. you must press the shift button when mounting the gear from 3 to the next limit, from low to high-end mounting, you do not need to press the shift button.

3) do not mount N-shift slide during driving, because the automatic transmission needs lubrication. When the gear is placed on N during driving, the oil pump cannot be properly supplied for lubrication, this will increase the temperature of the internal component of the gearbox and cause complete damage! In addition, high-speed sliding is also very dangerous, and it is not fuel-efficient! When the system slides to the stop at low speed, you can mount n files in advance, which has no effect.

4) the automatic vehicle cannot be pushed into the P drive while driving. When the driving direction changes, switch between D and R must wait until the vehicle is stopped.

5) when the vehicle stops: After the vehicle enters the parking position, hold on the brakes-shift lever to N Gear-pull the handwheel-Loosen the foot brake and turn off the fire-shift lever to push the P gear-pull the key!

6) when a temporary parking (such as a red light) occurs, neither n nor D is wrong. Just follow your habits. If the parking lasts for more than half a minute, You should attach n to the handwheel.

6. Automatic drive is not the end of drive D.

The Automatic Speed Control System and manual speed control system are two completely different designs. Apart from the ultimate goal, the two have different operation principles and expressions. Although automatic drive is very simple, it also requires some skills to make automatic drive handy. In theory, whether it is manual or automatic transmission, if you operate in the correct way, there should be a similar performance. It seems that automatic vehicles are not as powerful as manual vehicles, mainly because of incorrect operations.

Drivers who are used to manual shift usually know the best shift time and are more comfortable to use. People tend to be reluctant to use automatic-shift cars. They often simply choose D-shift to the end. This is considered to be the most correct way to drive an automatic car. Although there is nothing wrong with it, after finding the feeling of easy driving, it cannot help but feel that it is not good enough, it seems that the overall performance is always inferior to that of manual vehicles. This is not the case. There are many usage problems. If you use the correct control method, automatic cars will also be superior to manual cars.

The automatic speed control system is designed to enable the D-shift to automatically drive at 3-2 (4-or 3-speed automatic vehicles) or 4-3-2 (5-speed automatic vehicles) based on the speed) automatic inter-file conversion. With such a design, the automatic transmission will change continuously between 3-2, 2-3, or between the three steps when the city is stopped. The acceleration of a vehicle depends on the torque performance of the engine. The manual-shift vehicle can be controlled by the vehicle owner at the maximum torque output point, the frequent shift-down and shift-down actions of automatic vehicles will of course make drivers feel that the car is "weak ". This situation is more obvious in the road section that continues to go downhill.

One of the solutions is to use a large accelerator to get started without considering fuel consumption. Currently, the variable speed program of most Automatic Shift vehicles has the learning function. If you step deeper on the accelerator pedal, the variable speed program will automatically change the original shift point. For example, if the original setting is 2500 or above, the gear will be upgraded at 4000 or above after a large warehouse is used. In this way, the actual output torque of the vehicle is much greater than before, and the vehicle is more powerful. If you often use a large throttling, the automatic variable speed program will remember your driving habits. The shift point of the automatic transmission will change the dynamic and energy-saving settings at the factory, the engine speed is automatically increased. In addition, if your car has a sports mode set, you can select the sports mode to drive the car, the same effect will be achieved.

Solution 2: discard the habit of using the D file to the end, correctly use the automatic file, and change the habit of the first file to the end. In addition to D, many automatic models also include 1, 2, and 3. When the city speed is not fast, you can put the stalls in 2 or 3, while the mountain road is in 2 or 1, you will find that the car seems to be reborn, not only powerful, and even lighter. Some may doubt whether such an operation will have a negative impact on the speed control system? Will it consume more oil? The answer is not only no, but also more favorable. Because, since the speed control system is designed with these gears, it means they have different divisions, and the correct operation will never cause damage. At the same time, it can avoid dragging vehicles with a higher-grade position, and the fuel consumption will inevitably be low. It can also reduce the carbon accumulation of the engine. This kind of concept is very strong.

When a car is driving in an urban area, if the vehicle speed cannot exceed 60 kilometers/hour, it is necessary to use a gear position lower than D, which can limit the acceleration speed and avoid carbon accumulation; when the vehicle speed exceeds 60, d drive will not only save fuel, but will not damage the speed of acceleration. When traveling on a mountain road, you need to use two or one gear according to the situation. In addition to maintaining strong torque output, the engine brake effect can avoid excessive use of the foot brake, it can ensure driving safety. The D-shift of an automatic vehicle does not have the engine brake function. As the downhill speed increases, it will change to the high-speed gear, making the speed faster and faster. You must keep using the foot brake to control the speed, it is very dangerous to make the brakes fail due to excessive use of heat. Therefore, when a self-driving car goes downhill for a long time, do not use d-drive to avoid accidents. Even if you want to buy an automatic shift to avoid shift troubles, you must be more diligent. At low speed, switch to the stalls below the D level, and use the D level boldly to drive forward at high speed. This results in better results.