Learning Log---linuxのrpm Package Manager

Use of RPM packages:

RPM Package Naming format:

SOURCE program: Name-version.tar. {GZ|BZ2|XZ} packaged together source code

Version:major.minor.release

RPM Package: name-version-release.arch.rpm This is a packaged binary program.

Release: usually contains the RPM production release number and also includes the applicable OS

Arch: What kind of hardware architecture does this work on, and how many bits

Example: bash-4.3.2-2.el6.x86_64.rpm

OS Platform:

El6:redhat Enterprise Linux 6

El5:

CentOS5

CentOS6

Suse11

Arch

x86_64

i386, i586, i686

Ppc

Noarch

nginx-1.4.16-5.noarch.rpm

For example, a source: There are 10 features

Most users use only 6 of their features, the remaining 4?

Subcontracting: Packaging A large program into multiple packages

Main package: bash-4.3.2-2.el6.x86_64.rpm

Support Package: bash-hello-4.3.2-2.el6.x86_64.rpm

bash-world-4.3.2-2.el6.x86_64.rpm

Dns:bind, Bind-devel, Bind-libs, bind-utils

Verification of source legality:

SOURCE program: Through MD5 or SHA1 check code verification;

RPM Package: The legitimacy provided by publishers is credible

Verification Package Integrity: check code

Positive source legal: public key, using private key encryption, external public key decryption, can be decrypted, it can be considered as the original author

Ways to get the RPM package:

1, the publisher's CD-ROM or site server

Take CentOS for example:

Http://mirrors.163.com

Http://mirrors.sohu.com

The following two are used to find the RPM package

2, Http://rpmfind.net

3, Http://rpm.pbone.net

Attention:

1, the publisher, the issue of CD-ROM package, the need to upgrade, the official release of the upgrade package;

2, Fedora EPEL There are a lot of RPM packages

RPM Package Management: Installation

Use wget+ address to download rpm

Rpm-i,--install

# rpm-i/path/to/rpm_package ...

-V:

-VV:

-VVV:

-h:hash, the number of # shows the installation progress, a # represents 2% progress;

--test: Testing only, not actually performing the installation process

If there is a dependency:

Resolving dependencies

Ignore dependencies:--nodeps

Reinstall:

-IVH--replacepkgs

The original profile is not overwritten, and the newly installed profile will be renamed to a file with a. rpmnew suffix;

RPM Package Management: Uninstall

RPM-E,--erase

RPM-E package_name

If you uninstall a package that is dependent on another program:

1, the dependence of the unloading together;

2, ignore the dependency relationship;

--nodeps

3, no longer uninstall

RPM Package Management: Query

Rpm-q

To query all installed packages: RPM-QA

Query Package description information: Rpm-qi package_name

Name:bash Relocations: (not relocatable) does not support relocation

version:4.1.2 Vendor:centos

Release:15.el6_4 Build date:thu 09:21:24 PM CST

Install date:wed 09:48:43 AM CST Build Host:c6b10.bsys.dev.centos.org (System)

Group:system environment/shells Source rpm:bash-4.1.2-15.el6_4.src.rpm

size:3139291 license:gplv3+

SIGNATURE:RSA/SHA1, Thu 09:46:10 PM CST, Key ID 0946fca2c105b9de

Packager:centos Buildsystem

Url:http://www.gnu.org/software/bash Source Address

Summary:the GNU Bourne Again Shell

Description:

The GNU Bourne Again Shell (Bash) is a shell or command language

Interpreter that's compatible with the Bourne shell (SH). Bash

Incorporates useful features from the Korn shell (Ksh) and the C shell

(CSH). Most SH scripts can is run by bash without modification.

To query whether a single package is installed: Rpm-q package_name

After the query package is installed, in the current system generation file list: RPM-QL (list) package_name

This is to see after the installation of the program, are scattered in which directories, RPM package installed in the/BIN/SBIN/LIB/ETC and other such directories, including binary programs, libraries or configuration files

Query which package the file is built from: rpm-qf/path/to/somefile

[Email protected] ~]# RPM-QF/ETC/PASSWD

Setup-2.8.14-20.el6_4.1.noarch can see that/etc/passwd is the file that was generated after the setup package was installed

Help documents generated after query package installation: RPM-QD package_name

View the directory where the Help documentation for a package is produced after it is installed

Configuration files generated after query package installation: RPM-QC package_name

See where the configuration files for the package installation users are

[Email protected] ~]# RPM-QC bash

/etc/skel/.bash_logout

/etc/skel/.bash_profile

/etc/skel/.bashrc

Query package-related scripts: Rpm-q--scripts package_name

There are four types of scripts:

Preinstall: Pre-installation script

Postinstall: Post-installation script

Preuninstall: Pre-uninstall script

Postuninstall: Post-uninstallation script

Query for information about RPM package files that have not been installed: Q Change to QP

List of files that will be generated after the query is installed: RPM-QPL (list)/path/to/package_file here to parking file, not only with the name, because it is not installed

Query its simple description information: Rpm-qpi (information)/path/to/package_file

RPM Package Upgrade:

Rpm-u: Upgrade or install

Rpm-f: Upgrade

RPM {-UVH|-FVH}/path/to/package_file file

--nodeps: Ignoring dependencies

--force: Forced installation

Note: Do not perform upgrade operations on the kernel;

Multiple versions of the kernel can coexist, therefore, it is recommended to perform installation operations;

RPM Package Management: Checksum

Check if the files generated after the package installation have been modified;

Rpm-v package_name (verify checksum) Check if the installed file has been changed

[Email protected] ~]# rpm-v wget

If the wget after installation of the file has been modified, such as/etc in a corresponding file modified, then the change prompt will be displayed, the following format:

The size of S file size differs changed

M Mode differs (includes permissions and file type) permissions change

5 Digest (formerly MD5 sum) differs

D device Major/minor number mismatch no match (device type, different device of the same type)

L Readlink (2) path mismatch paths mismatch

U User ownership differs owner

G Group ownership differs

T MTime differs time stamp

P capabilities differ capability

RPM Package Management: Verifying source legitimacy and package integrity

Package integrity: Through a one-way encryption mechanism (MD5|SHA1)

SOURCE legitimacy: Via Public key Cryptography (RSA)

Command: GPG, PGP

Import the public key of the creator, the public key of the CentOS distribution in the ISO file;

Import command: RPM--import/path/to/gpg-key-file

Check: rpm-k/path/to/package_file file because it is not installed at this time

RPM--checksig/path/to/package_file

--nosignature: Does not check the legitimacy of the source

--nodigest: Do not check integrity

[Email protected] ~]# rpm--import rpm-gpg-key-centos-6

[Email protected] ~]# rpm-k httpd-2.2.15-45.el6.centos.i686.rpm

Httpd-2.2.15-45.el6.centos.i686.rpm:rsa SHA1 (MD5) PGP MD5 OK

RPM Package Management: Database rebuild

Database:/var/lib/rpm/This is the location of the RPM management tools database

Reconstruction:

RPM--INITDB: Initialization

If a database does not exist beforehand, the new one;

RPM--REBUILDDB: Rebuilding

Rebuilding the database directly will overwrite the original library;

This is the information stored in the RPM database.

[Email protected] rpm]# ll/var/lib/rpm

Total 19208

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 860160 Oct 02:31 basenames Package base Name

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 12288 Oct 07:03 conflictname

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 245760 Oct 02:31 dirnames package path

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1339392 Oct 02:31 filedigests

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 12288 Oct 03:10 Group

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 12288 Oct 03:10 Installtid

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 12288 Oct 03:10 Name

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 12288 Oct 07:03 obsoletename

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 14245888 Oct 03:10 Packages Detailed information

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 684032 Oct 03:10 providename

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 577536 Oct 03:10 provideversion

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 12288 Oct 03:10 Pubkeys

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 110592 Oct 02:31 requirename

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 65536 Oct 02:31 requireversion

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 24576 Oct 02:31 sha1header

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 12288 Oct 02:31 Sigmd5

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 12288 Oct 07:03 triggername

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 24576 Oct 03:10 __db.001

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 180224 Oct 03:10 __db.002

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1318912 Oct 03:10 __db.003

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 491520 Oct 03:10 __db.004

Learning Log---linuxのrpm Package Manager