Linux software package Management--yum

The RPM is described in detail in the previous blog "Management--rpm Package Manager for Linux packages", but there is a problem? Is that RPM does not automatically resolve dependencies between packages. So there's an enhanced version of the RPM manager-yum.

The following is an example of the CentOS6 series.

First, Yum Introduction

YUM (Yellowdog Updater Modified) is a C/s architecture, why can it automatically solve the dependency relationship? This depends on the RPM repository in the YUM service, where we have the RPM-format packages we use most often.

1, the composition of the Yum Warehouse

Composition	Content
Data	Store each RPM package
Meta data	Package name, version information, dependencies, packet grouping information, dependency list. Following the SQLite format in CENTOS6, the resulting metadata directory is repodata.

2. How Yum clients access the server

Take the upgrade as an example:

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3. How to configure the server and client of Yum

1) on the server side

First: Make sure that you have a Yum repository available on the server side. The Yum repository is actually a file server. The parent directory where the Repodata directory is located is a yum repository.

Second: The server side must be a way to share the Yum repository, can be used by clients, common sharing methods are: Ftp,http,nfs. If it is used locally (the client and server are the same machine), you can also use file mode.

2) Yum Client

Provides a repo configuration file that indicates the warehouse access path and various properties. Master profile (Central profile):/etc/yum.conf.

# Here you define some default configuration properties and global configuration properties [main]cachedir=/var/cache/yum/$basearch/$releaseverkeepcache =0debuglevel=2logfile=/var/ log/yum.logexactarch=1obsoletes=1gpgcheck=1plugins=1installonly_limit=5bugtracker_url=http://bugs.centos.org/ set_project.php?project_id=16&ref=http://bugs.centos.org/bug_report_page.php?category=yumdistroverpkg= Centos-release

The configuration of a few related repositories is saved as a file, and the file names end in. Repo and are saved in the/ETC/YUM.REPO.D directory.

Here's a look at the file format (take the 163 image as an example):

[base]  #  indicates the name of the warehouse and the user can define the name=centos-$releasever  - base - 163.com #   is generally a description of the name of this warehouse #  the key is this, indicating the access path to the warehouse #  for ease of configuration, Yum introduces variables, four variables available in the Yum configuration file:# releasever:  The version of the program, for Yum, refers to the redhat-release version, and replaces the main version number, such as redhat 6.5, with the 6; # arch:  system schema # basearch: The basic architecture of   system, such as i686,i586, is the i386; # yum0-9:  of environment variables defined in the system, and the;#  most commonly used in Yum is   releasever  and  basearch#  will be replaced at the time of access: Baseurl=# baseurl can use multiple: for example # baseurl=#          #  use the above format when using multiple BaseURL   baseurl=http:// mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/# mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$ Releasever&arch= $basearch &repo=os# baseurl and mirrlist usually require only one, and we generally configure baseurlgpgcheck=1  #   Whether GPG detection (package integrity and legality) GPGKEY= # GPG detection is the key file #  there are other types of selection, readers in the configuration, you can choose their own #  commonly used are: # enable= {0|1}  whether to enable the warehouse # cost=n  the "cost" of the configuration warehouse, etc.The price is at the priority level. The smaller the meaning of N, the higher the priority.

By configuring these preparations, you can use the Yum tool.

Third, the use of Yum tools

Here is an example of an Internet 163 image for illustration.

1. List all available repo

Yum repolist {Enabled|disabled|all}

# yum repolist {enabled|disabled|all}# enabled  List of available  # disabled  unavailable  # all all the [[email protected] yum.repos.d]# yum repolistloaded plugins:  Fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, securityloading mirror speeds from cached  hostfilebase                                                          | 3.7 kB     00:00      extras                                                       | 3.4 kb      00:00     updates                                                       | 3.4 kB     00:00      repo id                                  repo name                             statusbase                                    CentOS-6 - Base - 163.com               6,367extras                                  centos-6 - extras - 163. com            14updates                                 CentOS-6 - Updates - 163.com            1,153repolist: 7,534

2. List RPM Packages

Yum List {all|installed|available}

# Yum List {all|installed|available}# All lists all packages equivalent to Yum List # installed list installed packages # available list available packages (not including installed) # In general, this will make with [[email protected] yum.repos.d]# Yum List installed | grep "http" httpd.x86_64 2.2.15-26.el6.centoshttpd-tools.x86_64 2.2.15-26.el6.centos

3. Package Description Information

Yum Info package_name

loading mirror speeds from cached hostfileinstalled packagesname         : httpdarch        : x86 _64version     : 2.2.15release     : 26. el6.centossize        : 2.9 mrepo         : installedFrom repo   :  Anaconda-centos-201303050102.x86_64summary     : apache http serverurl          : http://httpd.apache.org/License      : asl 2.0description : the apache http server is a  powerful, efficient, and extensible             : web server. Available packagesname        : httpdarch         : x86_64Version     : 2.2.15Release      : 30.el6.centosSize        : 821 kRepo         : updatessummary     : apache  http serverurl         : http://httpd.apache.org/ License     : asl 2.0description : the apache http  Server is a powerful, efficient, and extensible             : web server.

4. List all Package group information

Yum Grouplist

# often we will be like this to use [[email protected] yum.repos.d]# Yum grouplist | grep "Deve" Additional development Desktop Platform Development development tools Server Platform Development

5. Display the package group information: For example, the list of packages included in the group

Yum groupinfo "GROUP NAME"

[[email protected] yum.repos.d]# yum groupinfo  "Development tools" Loaded  plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, securitysetting up group  Processloading mirror speeds from cached hostfilegroup: development tools  Description: A basic development environment. Mandatory Packages:    autoconf   automake   binutils   bison    flex   gcc   gcc-c++   gettext   libtool    make   patch   pkgconfig   redhat-rpm-config    rpm-build Default Packages:   byacc   cscope    ctags   cvs   diffstat   doxygen    elfutils   gcc-gfortran   git   indent   intltool   patchutils    rcs   subversion   swig   systemtap Optional  Packages:   electricfence   ant   babel   bzr    chrpath   cmake   compat-gcc-34    compat-gcc-34-c++   compat-gcc-34-g77   cvs-inetd   dejagnu    expect   gcc-gnat   gcc-java   gcc-objc    gcc-objc++   imake   jpackage-utils   kdewebdev    ksc   libstdc++-docs   mercurial   mod_dav_svn    nasm   perltidy   python-docs   rpmdevtools    rpmlint   systemtap-sdT-devel   systemtap-server 

6. Clean up the cache

Yum Clean {all|packages|metadata|expire-cache|rpmdb|plugins}

# yum Clean {all|packages|metadata|expire-cache|rpmdb|plugins}# All cache # Packages Clear Package Cache # Metedata Clear metadata Cache # EXPIRE-CAC He clears the expiration cache # Rpmdb clears the RPM database Cache # Plufins clears the plugin cache # The most common is yum clean all[[email protected] yum.repos.d]# yum clean allloaded p Lugins:fastestmirror, Refresh-packagekit, securitycleaning repos:base extras updatescleaning up EverythingCleaning up L ist of Fastest Mirrors

7. Install Package

Yum Install Package_name

Yum Install httpd-y # Common option is-y means no confirmation required, direct installation

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Reinstall:

Yum Reinstall Package_name

Yum Reinstall httpd-y

8. Upgrade

Yum check-update: Check for available upgrade packages

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Yum Update package_name upgrade software

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[Email protected] yum.repos.d]# rpm-q ntpntp-4.2.6p5-1.el6.centos.x86_64

Yum downgrade Package_name deprecated, back to the original version

# Yum Downgrade Ntp-y downgrade the first time there may be an error, one of the solutions is: Yum upgrade-y upgrade Yum tool [[email protected] yum.repos.d]# Yum downgrade Ntp-yloa Ded Plugins:fastestmirror, Refresh-packagekit, securitysetting up downgrade processloading mirror speeds from cached host Fileonly Upgrade available on package:ntp-4.2.6p5-1.el6.centos.x86_64nothing to do

9. Uninstall

Yum Remove|erase package_name

Yum Remove httpd-y

10. Query which package the file is generated by

Yum Whatprovides|provides/path/to/somefile

# all the packages that provide this profile are listed [[email protected] yum.repos.d]# Yum provides/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf Loaded plugins:fastestmirror , Refresh-packagekit, securityloading mirror speeds from cached Hostfilehttpd-2.2.15-30.el6.centos.x86_64:apache HTTP S erverrepo:updatesmatched From:filename:/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.confhttpd-2.2.15-29.el6.centos.x86_64:apache HTTP serverrepo:basematched from:filename:/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.confhttpd-2.2.15-30.el6.centos.x86_64:apac He HTTP serverrepo:installedmatched From:other:provides-match:/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

11. installation package Group

Yum Groupinstall "GROUP NAME"

# Common packages include: # Desktop Platform Development Development Platform # Development Tools Development Package # For example: Yum groupinstall "Development tools"-Y

12. Unload Package Group

Yum groupremove "GROUP NAME"

Four, self-made Yum Warehouse

1, if used as an individual, the simplest way is to mount a disc image to use.

Take VMware virtual machines as an example:

To attach a disc image, mount a disc image and use it.

Where: BaseURL in. Repo uses file. Example: Baseurl=file:///media/centos

2. Self-built Yum Warehouse server

Take FTP as an example, step:

(1) Install the FTP program and start the service

# RPM-IVH vsftp-Version number

Or

# yum Install Vsftpd-y

Start the service

# service VSFTPD Start

# Chkconfig VSFTPD on

(2) FTP shared directory is/var/ftp/pub

Create subdirectories to hold all RPM packages that are relevant (recommended)

(3) Generate a metadata file for the warehouse so that it can be used as a warehouse

# RPM-IVH createrepo-Version number

Or

# yum Install Createrepo-y

# createrepo/path/to/rpm_repo/generate repo Metadata directory for example: Createrepo/var/ftp/pub/packages

(4) Configure the Yum client to use this repository

Summary: This article mainly introduces the use of the Yum tool, and briefly introduces the steps of the self-made Yum service.

This article is from the "Upstream Cold" blog, please be sure to keep this source http://guoting.blog.51cto.com/8886857/1440326

Linux software package Management--yum