Linux (i)

User Directory

is located /home/user , referred to as the user working directory or home directory, the means:

/home/user

LinuxMain Catalogue Quick Check table

• /: root directory, only directory under the general root directory, under Linux there is only one root directory, everything starts here
  • When entered in the terminal /home , actually is tells the computer, starts from / (the root directory), then enters the home directory
• /bin,/usr/bin: directories that perform binary files, such as common commands ls, tar, MV, Cat, and so on
• /boot: Place some files used by Linux system startup, such as kernel files of Linux: /boot/vmlinuz , System Boot Manager:/boot/grub
• /dev: Stores the device files under the Linux system and accesses a file in that directory, which is equivalent to accessing a device, often mounting the optical drivemount /dev/cdrom /mnt
• /etc: the directory where the system configuration files are stored, it is not recommended to store executable files in this directory, important configuration files are
  • /etc/inittab
  • /etc/fstab
  • /etc/init.d
  • /etc/x11
  • /etc/sysconfig
  • /etc/xinetd.d
• /home: The system Default User home directory, when adding user account, the user's family directory is stored in this directory
  • ~Represents the home directory of the current user
  • ~eduRepresents edu the user's home directory
• /lib,/usr/lib,/usr/local/lib: A directory of libraries used by the system, which requires the assistance of a function library to invoke some additional arguments during execution.
• /lost+fount: When an error occurs in the system exception, some missing fragments are placed in this directory
• /MNT:/media: CD-ROM default mount point, usually CD-ROM mounted under/mnt/cdrom, or not necessarily, can be selected anywhere to mount
• /OPT: List of additional installation software for the host
• /proc: This directory data are in memory, such as system core, external device, network status, because the data are stored in memory, so do not occupy disk space, more important files are:/proc/cpuinfo,/proc/interrupts,/PROC/DMA,/ Proc/ioports,/proc/net/*, etc.
• /root: Home directory for system administrator root
• /sbin,/usr/sbin,/usr/local/sbin: Place executable commands that the system administrator uses, such as Fdisk, Shutdown, Mount, and so on. Unlike/bin, these directories are commands that are used by the system administrator root, and the average user can only "view" and not set up and use
• /tmp: The directory where the files are temporarily stored by the general user or the program being executed, accessible to anyone, important data cannot be placed in this directory
• /SRV: The data directory that needs to be accessed after the service starts, such as the Web page data that the WWW service needs to store within/SRV/WWW
• /usr: application storage directory
  • /usr/bin: Storing applications
  • /usr/share: Storing shared data
  • /usr/lib: storage cannot be run directly, but it is necessary for many programs to run some library files
  • /usr/local: Storage software upgrade Package
  • /usr/share/doc: System description File storage Directory
  • /usr/share/man: Program description file storage Directory
• /var: Placing files that change frequently during system execution
  • /var/log: Log files that change at any time
  • /var/spool/mail: directory where mail is stored
  • /var/run: After the program or service starts, its PID is stored in the directory

Basic use of common Linux commands

Serial Number	Command	corresponding English	function
01	Ls	List	View the contents of the current folder
02	Pwd	Print Work Directory	View the folder you currently reside in
03	CD [Directory name]	Change Directory	Toggle Folder
04	touch [filename]	Touch	If the file does not exist, create a new file
05	mkdir [directory Name]	Make Directory	Create a Directory
06	RM [File name]	Remove	Deletes the specified file name
07	Clear	Clear	Clear Screen

Little Tricks

• ctrl + shift + =Enlarge the font display of the terminal window
• ctrl + -Reduce the font display of the terminal window

Auto-complete

• 文件 目录 命令 After the first few letters of the hit//, press the tab key
  • If there is no ambiguity in the input, the system will automatically complete
  • If there is another 文件 / 目录 / 命令 , press the tab key again, the system will prompt for possible commands

Little Tricks

• Press the 上 / 下 cursor key to switch back and forth between commands that have been used
• If you want to exit the selection and do not want to perform the currently selected command, you can pressctrl + c

Linux Terminal command format

command [-options] [parameter]

Description

• command: The abbreviation of the command name, the corresponding function of the English word or word
• [-options]: option, which can be used to control commands or omit
• parameter: The arguments passed to the command, which can be 0, one, or more

Lookup command Help information (know)

Tips

• At this stage you only need to know the following two ways to query the command's Help information
• Learn the use of commonly used commands and common options, work if you encounter problems can be network search

2.1 --help

command --help

Description

• Show command Help for a command

2.2 Mans

command

Description

• commandUser manual for the lookup command

manis manual's abbreviation, is a Linux provides a handbook, contains most of the commands, functions of the detailed use of instructions

manoperating keys for use:

Operation Keys	function
Space key	Show the next screen of the man page
Enter	One row of the scroll manual page
B	Roll back one screen
F	Roll forward one screen
Q	Exit
/word	Search Word string

Linux (i)