LINUX01-RPM package in-depth explanation 40

One, RPM package

1. RPM Database directory:/var/lib/rpm

2, RPM function: Installation, query, uninstall, upgrade, calibration, database reconstruction, check the data packet, and other work;

3, RPM Package components:

A) Main package:

such as: bind-9.7.1-1.el5.i586.rpm

B) Sub-package:

such as: bind-libs-9.7.1-1.el5.i586.rpm

bind-utils-9.7.1-1.el5.i586.rpm

4, RPM Package name format: name-version (major.minor.releas)-release.arch.rpm

A) Major.minor.release said:

Major version number: significant improvements

Minor version number: A significant change in a child function

Issue number: Fixed some bugs, adjusted a bit of functionality

b) Release.arch said:

Release: version and Support system;

Arch says: What platform is supported to run; Noarch means that it can be run under either 32-bit or 64-bit platforms; PPC indicates PowerPC under operation; for example: bind-9.7.1-1.noarch.rpm and bind-9.7.1-1.ppc.rpm;

Second, RPM Package Management command

1. Installation

Rpm-i/path/to/package_file

-H: Show progress by #, each # represents 2%;

-V: Show detailed procedures

-VV: A more detailed process

Rpm-ivh/path/to/package_file

such as: rpm-ivh/mnt/centos/zsh-4.2.6-8.el5.i386.rpm

--nodeps: Ignoring dependencies;

--replacepkgs: Re-install, replace the original installation;

--force: Forced installation, can be re-installed or degraded;

such as: Rpm-ivh--replacepkgs/mnt/centos/zsh-4.2.6-8.el5.i386.rpm

2. Enquiry

A) rpm-q package_name: Query whether the specified package has been installed;

b) Rpm-qa: Query All packages that have been installed;

Example: Rpm-qa | grep "^z

c) Rpm-qi package_name: Query The description information of the specified package;

d) RPM-QL package_name: Query the list of files generated after the installation of the specified package;

e) RPM-QC paceage_neme: Query the configuration file for the specified package installation;

f) RPM-QD package_name: Query the Help file for the specified package installation;

g) rpm-q--scripts package_name: Query the script contained in the specified package;

such as: Rpm-q--scripts zsh

h) Rpm-qf/path/to/somefile: Queries the specified file is generated by which RPM package is installed;

such as: Rpm-qf/etc/inittab

i) if a RPM package has not been installed, we need to query its description information and install the files that will be generated later:

Rpm-qpi/path/to/package_file

Rpm-qpl

3. Upgrade

A) Rpm-uvh/path/to/new_package_file: If the old version is installed, upgrade;

such as: RPM-UVH nano-1.3.12-1.1.1.gls.i386.rpm

b) Rpm-fvh/path/to/new_package_file: If the old version is installed, then upgrade;

--oldpackage: Downgrade

4. Uninstall

RPM-E package_name

--nodeps: Ignoring dependencies;

5. Check

Rpm-v package_name: Verify that the installed files are modified;

6. Rebuilding the database

Rpm

--REBUILDDB: Rebuilding the database will be re-established;

--INITDB: Initialize the database, not only build, there is no need to establish;

7, check the source legality, and package integrity;

A) encryption type:

Symmetric: Encrypt and decrypt using the same key

Public key: A pair of keys, public key, private key, the public key is implied in the private key, can be extracted, and publicly out;

Unidirectional:

b) RH key file:/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/rpm-gpg-key-redhat-release

c) How to verify?

C1) RPM--import/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/rpm-gpg-key-redhat-release: Import Key file

C2) Rpm-k/papt/to/package_file

DSA, GPG: Verification of the legitimacy of the source, that is, to verify the signature; You can use--nosignature to skip this item;

SHA1, MD5: Verification package integrity, can use--nodigest, skip this;

This article is from "Nick Liu's blog," Please make sure to keep this source http://zkhylt.blog.51cto.com/3638719/1410543