Long live of the south Yue Palace: the earliest art in Lingnan

The south Yue State Palace Site unearthed a variety of Long Live walan south Yue State "Long live" varan, font strokes fold, ending slightly changed south Yue State "Long live" varan, "?" The word "shao" is written as anti-Text

Hu Jian

Before the Pre-Qin Dynasty, the Lingnan Region was widely used and the literature was commensurate with the "hundreds and more". Archaeology occasionally found that there were some image symbols on the pottery, which were not within the scope of the text, "Baiyue" does not have its own text. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, Central Plains migrants flood into Lingnan, and Zhao Yu claimed that Wang Linan had widely used Chinese characters. Many Chinese text materials have been unearthed from the ruins and tombs of the south Yue country, mainly including seals, seals, pottery stamps, bronze inscription and wood slips, which have high historical and artistic values. The "Long live" wallang unearthed from the south Yue State palace website is different from the text that appears on the building materials in daily life.

"Long live" varan's time information

The "Long live" varan found at the south Yue State palace website has the function of covering the eaves of the palace. It is made of sanded pottery with a hard texture. It is an unbounded grid in the face and contains two lines of lines outside the text, narrow side wheel, the edge is slightly higher than the face text, when the diameter of 17.6-15.5, thick 1.2-0.6 cm. "Long live" when the surface or residual traces of cinnabar, or apply thin glaze. These "Long live" Wudang were mostly unearthed in the accumulation layer of the abandoned palace. They analyzed the form, defined the relationship between the morning and evening, and confirmed the time information used by "Long live" Wudang in the palace. The document of the southern Yue country history does not record the construction time of the capital city, but has the exact time for the Western Han Dynasty to destroy the south Yue country. Therefore, the building materials used in the waste can be used to judge the era of the southern Yue country palace building. Historical records record the six years (111 BC) of the Emperor Wudi Yuanding burned the capital of Panyu, South Vietnam, and the capital of South Vietnam became ruins. (01)

We found some "Long live" Watan in the strata where the Chinese army set fires and burned the palace of South Vietnam, and found traces of "dang" when observing the production method, it indicates that the technology used by the South Vietnam region to create the Watan Technology follows the tradition of the central plains region. Throughout the production process of the Qin and Han Dynasties, in the middle of the Chinese emperor Wu dynasty, the method can be divided into the first and second phases. In the early stage of the Emperor Wu dynasty, the circular tile was first made by the molding technology, and then built into a cylinder on the disc, and then cut the cylinder from top to bottom into two halves with a thin rope, to the back of the tile when the heart, the thin rope along the back of the tile when the heart parallel to cut down the cylinder connected part. This is a traditional way to create a Watan image, referred to as "dang". It was founded in the first year of Emperor Wu's tITe (104 BC) in the Han Dynasty in the ruins of chang'an city, there is a phenomenon of "cut when. After the middle stage of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the Watan production process was improved, and the phenomenon of "cutting when" gradually disappeared. The circular Watan's heart and edge wheel were created once, and then connected to the package body, therefore, the edges of the Watan are wide and flat at the back, and there is no trace of the slice. The text tiles unearthed in the Maoling district built in the middle of Wudi were not "Cut Down". It is estimated that the technology of "Cut Down" is gradually eliminated at this time, in the future, there will not be any "slice" text in the ruins of the Emperor's mausoleum in the Western Han Dynasty. The existence of the "dang" Phenomenon in the south Vietnam region indicates that the method of dividing the "dang" in the middle of the hanwudi region is perfect for the Lingnan Region. In a period of time after the destruction of the South Vietnamese nation, the ruins of the South Vietnamese palace began to build new buildings, in the late Western Han Dynasty and the Eastern Han Dynasty, "Long live" was found in the strata, and there were no traces of "slashes. In other words, in the "Long live" varan, there is a cut when the traces of the south over the country, without such traces belong to the late Western Han Dynasty, or the times are later.

The use of "Long live" varang in the palace building of South Vietnam began with the King of South Vietnam, which is a question to be discussed. Historical records? South Vietnam biography, Chinese books? Wang Chuan from South Guangdong has recorded the daily contents of Zhao Yu, the first generation of Wang, and it is estimated that there is a link with his activities. Zhao Yu has three major stages of the discipline year, namely Ren Mao's young year, "Yu Yue miscellaneous 13", and "Fu Yue years" mentioned in his letter to Emperor Han Wendi ". He delivered the Lieutenant Ma from the South China Sea to Zhao Yu before his death. At this time, he met Chen Sheng from the Central Plains, Wu Guangjie, and Liu Bang, Xiang Yu, and Qin Jun, therefore, it must be in the three years of Qin II (207 BC ). As a result, the age of "more than 13" was the second year of Qin Shihuang (219 BC ). If Zhao entered Lingnan for the 19th year (May) from the date when the old man went to Guangdong for the 19th year (May), but when Qin Shihuang was unifying the six countries, the Qin army had no strength to go around the Chu State and directly arrived in the Lingnan area. Obviously, the time was not consistent with the historical reality. So Zhao, south Yue Wang? The poster of the tomb speculated that "years" should be a written mistake of the Chinese simplified Chinese character, which should be calculated according to the "years", that is, the second year of Qin Shihuang (219 BC ). At this time, Zhao Yu was 20 years old and he was named Qin Jun's deputy director. Since ancient times, there were many young and promising generals in the Qin and Han Dynasties. In the second year (121 BC) of Emperor Wu's Yuanji, he was appointed as a general of huochao when he was 19 years old. Therefore, Zhao's age is logical. Qin shii's three years (207 BC), Zhao Yu continued to serve as a sub-district magistrate in the South China Sea. Han Gaozu for four years (in 203 BC), Zhao Yu established a South Vietnam State, claiming to be the king of the south, dingdu Panyu (today in Guangzhou ). Later, he experienced the following emperors: Liu Bang, Liu Ying, Lu Hou, Liu Heng, Liu Qi, and Liu Che. Zhao was in his 80 s when he took over as Emperor by Emperor Jing Liu Qi in 156 BC. In the first 140 s, Emperor Wu, Liu chunking, and Zhao Yu were a hundred-year-old man. When Wu Di was founded for four years (MA Qian, Ma Qian, Park, 137), he had been in service for 67 years. He died at the age of 103 and was the first emperor to live in Chinese history. If South Vietnam's wattan is determined by the order of yunjian and "Long live" wattan, the "Long live" wattan first appeared in the late period of Emperor Jing and later in the middle of Emperor Wu, Zhao Yu, who is already an old man, is still in power. The palace of the southern yueguo capital used the "Long live" varang. it is more reasonable to bless Zhao Yu with auspicious words. Zhao yu always thinks that he is big. In his post, he claimed that he was the Emperor of South Vietnam and that he went to the Han dynasty when he went to the emperor in the year of the Chinese Emperor Liu hengyuan (179 BC. From south Yue Wang Zhao? According to the "Emperor Wen Xing Xi" Unearthed in the tomb, When Zhao Yu treats the central Han dynasty, he adopts the policy of naming the Emperor outside China and the policy of naming the emperor in China. The palace building adopts the "Long live" varan's posture of a great emperor, and "? The performance of the central courtesy system.

Long live is the earliest art word in Lingnan

The tile patterns in the Qin and Han Dynasties are a colorful age. Since the Spring and Autumn and the Warring States Periods, the tile patterns in the Silhouette form cannot represent the rich social life of the Han Dynasty, in the Han Dynasty, when a large number of characters appeared, they can intuitively express people's Jiyu thoughts and aspirations for a better life. According to the statistics from the Central Plains to the border regions, most of the words are represented by four characters, followed by three, two, and one word, up to twelve words. The text contains the meanings of longevity: "Long live the Autumn" "Long live the joy" "Long live the joy" "Long live the Wei Yang" "Long live the rich live" "Long live" and "Long live. The text form of "Long live" varan in South Vietnam is similar to that in the Central Plains. It should be called "Long live in the Autumn. South Vietnam inherited the architectural style of the Qin Dynasty in its early stages, followed by the Han Dynasty, even later, the "Long live" Watan ornament shows brilliant characteristics. The southern yueguo capital was the political, economic, and cultural center of Lingnan at that time. There were various architectural types of the palace, many of which were large in scale and of high grade, the "Long live" of the archaeological excavation is mainly concentrated in the southern yueguo capital, representing the highest level of the art in the southern yueguo period. "Long live" text includes the main body, variants, and anti-text. There are dozens of forms of text changes, indicating that the palace of the south Yue Wang has palaces, corridors, and portals of varying sizes, there is a uniform exterior decoration on the exterior of the building, with a strong decorative effect and aesthetic vitality.

The four-character Chinese tile is a two-line "Ten" word lattice divided into four quadrants of the axial symmetry structure, unified font, equal size, presents the same symmetric decorative beauty. The text style of "Long live" varan in South Vietnam is clear and eye-catching, and the text beauty is shown in the form of the central axis as the support point. According to the text of "Long live" in the south Vietnam period and the Watan production method, we can see two changes. (04-06)

The first type "?" The word calligraphy is sealed, the "Grass" part is the "Mountain" word structure, and the "Grass" part is connected up and down. "?" Open the upper and lower part of the word, "?" The end of the two-character pen receiving is the opposite.

Type 2 "?" The font method is stacked, the font strokes are curly and stacked, and the number of strokes increases. The end of the string is curly.

The Baiyue clan in Lingnan Region is a loose tribe without its own words. during the Spring and Autumn Period, Wu Yue's weapon was engraved with a kind of "birds and insects", which was characterized by a bird-shaped character, and the book was folded and bent. The stroke turns during the writing of the "Long live" text in South Vietnam. It has the pen rhyme of the birds and insects book, reflecting the text style in Lingnan. The text layout of "Long live" in South Vietnam is clever and easy to use, and the pen strokes are increased, showing twists and turns. The sleek decoration of "Long live" reflects the harmonious and orderly text, the rhythm and rhythm of the beauty, the ancient and dignified font is integrated into the artistic creation of the circular tile, therefore, it is hailed as "Lingnan's earliest art word ".

Long live of the south Yue Palace: the earliest art in Lingnan