Makefile Automatic Generation Tool ----- use of autotools (details)

I believe everyone who learns Linux knows makefile, which is a very useful thing, but writing it is complicated. Today we will introduce an automatic generation tool for it, the use of autotools. Many gnulinux software uses it to generate makefiles, including the Linux kernel source code that we are very familiar.

 

1. preparation:

Tools Required

Autoscan

Aclocal

Autoheader

Automake

Autoconf

Auto make

In the terminal, enter the command, which is not installed or which is usually the first autoscan. Other ubuntu10.04 files all have

 

2. Compile the test program:
Create directory: mkdir include SRC

Program writing: Include/Str. h

 

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1. # Include <stdio. h>
2. Int STR (char * string );

Program: src/Str. c

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1. # Include "str. H"
2. // Print string
3. Int STR (char * string ){
4. Printf ("\ n ---- print string ---- \ n \" % s \ "\ n", string );
5. Return 0;
6. }
8. // Interface of this program
9. Int main (INT argc, char ** argv ){
10. Char str_read [1024];
11. Printf ("Please input something end by [enter] \ n ");
12. Scanf ("% s", str_read );
13. Return STR (str_read );
14. }

3. Generate Configure. AC

 

 

Configure. AC is the input file of automake, so it must be converted into this file.
Run the following command:

 

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1. [[Email protected] STR] # ls
2. Include SRC
3. [[Email protected] STR] # autoscan
4. Autom4te: Configure. AC: no such file or directory
5. Autoscan:/usr/bin/autom4te failed with exit status: 1
6. [[Email protected] STR] # ls
7. Autoscan. Log Configure. Scan include SRC
8. [[Email protected] STR] # cp Configure. Scan Configure. AC

Modify Configure. AC

 

 

 

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1. #-*-Autoconf -*-
2. # Process this file with Autoconf to produce a configure script.
4. Ac_prereq (2.59)
5. Ac_init (full-package-name, version, bug-Report-address)
6. Ac_config_srcdir ([INCLUDE/Str. H])
7. Ac_config_header ([config. H])
9. # Checks for programs.
10. Ac_prog_cc
12. # Checks for libraries.
14. # Checks for header files.
16. # Checks for typedefs, structures, and compiler characteristics.
18. # Checks for library functions.
19. Ac_output

Modify

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1. Ac_init (full-package-name, version, bug-Report-address)

Changed:

 

 

 

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1. Ac_init (STR, 0.0.1, [[email protected])

Full-package-name indicates the program name, version indicates the current version, and bug-Report-Address indicates the bug report address.

 

 

Then add two sentences:

Am_init_automake
Ac_config_files ([makefile])

The result is as follows)

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1. #-*-Autoconf -*-
2. # Process this file with Autoconf to produce a configure script.
4. Ac_prereq (2.59)
5. # Ac_init (full-package-name, version, bug-Report-address)
6. Ac_init (STR, 0.0.1, [[email protected])
7. Am_init_automake
8. Ac_config_srcdir ([INCLUDE/Str. H])
9. Ac_config_header ([config. H])
11. # Checks for programs.
12. Ac_prog_cc
14. # Checks for libraries.
16. # Checks for header files.
18. # Checks for typedefs, structures, and compiler characteristics.
20. # Checks for library functions.
21. Ac_config_files ([makefile])
22. Ac_output

4. Execute aclocal

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1. [[Email protected] STR] # aclocal
2. /Usr/share/aclocal/libfame. M4: 6: Warning: underquoted definition of am_path_libfame
3. Run info' (automake) extending aclocal'
4. Or see http://sources.redhat.com/automake/automake.html#Extending-aclocal

5. Create makefile. AM

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1. [[Email protected] STR] # vi makefile. AM
2. # Makefile. AM
3. Bin_programs = Str
4. Str_sources = include/Str. h src/Str. c
5. Str_cppflags =-I include/

This configuration file is required for the automake command. The meaning of each option is more intuitive, not to mention.

 

 

 

6. autoheader

 

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1. [[Email protected] STR] # autoheader

7. automake files are required:

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1. * Install-SH
2. * Missing
3. * Install
4. * News
5. * Readme
6. * Authors
7. * Changelog
8. * Copying
9. * Depcomp

The following files are automatically generated when automake-A is executed.

 

 

 

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1. * Install-SH
2. * Missing
3. * Install
4. * Copying
5. * Depcomp

Therefore, manually generate the remaining files.

 

 

 

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1. [[Email protected] STR] # Touch news readme authors changelog

8. Execute automake-.

 

 

 

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1. [[Email protected] STR] # automake-
2. Configure. AC: Installing './install-Sh'
3. Configure. AC: Installing './missing'
4. Makefile. AM: Installing './install'
5. Makefile. AM: Installing './copying'
6. Makefile. AM: Installing './compile'
7. Makefile. AM: Installing './depcomp'

9. Autoconf

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1. [[Email protected] STR] # Autoconf
2. [[Email protected] STR] # ls
3. Aclocal. M4 autoscan. Log config. H. In Configure. Scan include makefile. Am news
4. Authors changelog configure copying install makefile. In readme
5. Autom4te. cache compile Configure. AC depcomp install-SH missing SRC

10. perform the test:
Execute./configure

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1. [[Email protected] STR] #./configure -- prefix =/u
2. Checking for a BSD-compatible install.../usr/bin/install-C
3. Checking whether build environment is sane... yes
4. Checking for gawk... gawk
5. Checking whether make sets $ (make)... yes
6. Checking for GCC... gcc
7. Checking for C compiler default output file name... A. Out
8. Checking whether the C compiler works... yes
9. Checking whether we are cross compiling... no
10. Checking for Suffix of executables...
11. Checking for Suffix of object files... o
12. Checking whether we are using the gnu c compiler... yes
13. Checking whether GCC accepts-G... yes
14. Checking for GCC option to accept ansi c... None needed
15. Checking for style of include used by make... GNU
16. Checking dependency style of GCC... gcc3
17. Configure: Creating./config. Status
18. Config. Status: Creating makefile
19. Config. Status: Creating config. h
20. Config. Status: config. H is unchanged
21. Config. Status: executing depfiles commands

Execute make

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1. [[Email protected] STR] # Make
2. Make all-AM
3. Make [1]: Entering directory '/data/devel/C/str'
4. If gcc-dhave_config_h-I. -I. -I. -I include/-g-O2-MT str-str.o-MD-MP-MF ". deps/str-str.Tpo "-c-o str-str.o 'test-F' src/Str. c' | echo '. /''src/Str. C ;\
5. Then MV-F ". deps/str-str.Tpo" ". deps/str-str.Po"; else Rm-F ". deps/str-str.Tpo"; Exit 1; FI
6. Gcc-g-O2-o str str-str.o
7. Make [1]: Leaving directory '/data/devel/C/str'

At this time, STR has been generated (the executable file name goes to the top when the makefile. Am parameter is set before). You can directly view the running result through./Str.

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1. [[Email protected] calhost STR] #./Str
2. Please input something end by [enter]
3. Abcksdhfklsdklfdjlkfd
5. ---- Print string ----
6. "Abcksdhfklsdklfdjlkfd"

But here we do step by step, install it into the system, so that we only need to input Str on the terminal to run the program.

 

 

Run make install:

 

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1. [[Email protected] STR] # make install
2. Make [1]: Entering directory '/data/devel/C/str'
3. Test-z "/u/bin" | mkdir-p -- "/u/bin"
4. /Usr/bin/install-C 'str''/u/bin/str'
5. Make [1]: Nothing to be done for 'Install-data-am '.
6. Make [1]: Leaving directory '/data/devel/C/str'

Next, you can make clean to clear the installed. O files.

 

 

In this way, an automatic makefile is generated.