Management and specifications of website Engineering

Author: allec

With the development of the network, website construction and production have initially formed an industry. This article attempts to propose the concept of website engineering for the management and standardization of this industry, the system also introduces the whole website construction process and the solutions to problems in the process. We believe that if you carefully study this articleArticleAfterwards, we will have our own unique insights on the construction and production of the entire website! It does not seem difficult to create a new "Sina! This article is purely the author's own insights and experience for the majority of website design and production personnel, website system analysts and project managers to learn from.

With the development of the Internet, website production has quietly emerged as an industry. More and more website production tasks need to be completed by the website production company. More and more problems are emerging in the website production process. For example, production cannot be completed on schedule, customer satisfaction cannot be satisfied, and the cost exceeds the budget. Analyze the cause carefully and find that most of the causes of failure are as follows:

A. Ignore customers' ever-changing needs;

B. Historical documents are not retained for decision reference;

C. neglect to supervise the project progress;

D. Ignore ongoing tests and modifications;

E. No professional project management software is used and subjective decision-making is required.

After the problem is found, is there a good solution to reduce mistakes, Control and Manage Website production?

Website development and production is a complex task. It can be managed as a project. Based on the project management documents in China and abroad, the author finds that the management methods and specifications of software engineering are the closest to those of website construction projects. Therefore, after carefully studying software engineering, based on the characteristics and key points of website construction, a set of website construction management and control methods are developed, named website project (WP ).

Website Engineering

What is website engineering, simply put, is the management and control method of website projects. It is a special and standard operation.Program. The purpose of website construction is to ensure the high efficiency, high quality, and low risk of website construction.

The implementation of website engineering standards not only benefits customers, but also standardizes the website production industry. It will benefit everyone in the industry, including project managers, web designers, programmers and editors.

The following describes the order of a project from negotiation to submission:

Website System Analysis

1. Project Initiation/customer requirement statement

1. Project Initiation

After receiving the customer's business consultation, we have been continuously engaged and understood by both parties, and have reached a preliminary agreement through basic feasibility discussions. At this time, we need to establish a project. A good practice is to set up a special project team, which includes project managers, web design, programmers, testers, Editors/documents, and other required personnel. Project management is implemented.

1. 2. customer requirement statement

The first step is to provide a complete Requirement Description. Many customers are not very clear about their needs. You need to constantly guide and help analysis. Once upon a time, I asked the customer, "What is your website's purpose ?" He replied, "there is no purpose, just because everyone else has it. I don't have it !". Such a customer needs to be patient and carefully analyzed to find out his potential and real needs.

It takes a lot of time to complete the Requirement Description with the help of the customer, but this is worthwhile and must satisfy the customer and sign for approval. By setting this level, you can avoid many mistakes and project failures caused by unclear requirements or misunderstanding. Poor requirements indicate that there cannot be high-quality websites. What standards should the Requirement Specification meet? To put it simply, it includes the following points:

A. correctness: each function must clearly describe the delivery function;

B. Feasibility: ensure that each requirement can be met in the current development capability and system environment;

C. Necessity: whether the function must be delivered, whether it can be postponed, and whether it can be "cut" when the expenditure reduction happens;

D. Concise: Do not use professional network terms;

E. Detection: If the development is complete, the customer can check the performance as required.

2. Overall Website Design

After receiving the customer's requirement description, we did not directly start the production, but needed to carry out the overall design, detailed design, and a website construction solution for the customer. The overall design is a key step. It mainly determines:

A. What functions do websites need to implement;

B. What software is used for website development and what hardware environment is used;

C. How many people and time are required;

D. What rules and standards should be followed.

At the same time, you need to write a general plan statement, including:

A. Website columns and sections;

B. Website Functions and corresponding programs;

C. Link Structure of the website;

D. If there is a database, design the concept of the database;

E. Interactive and user-friendly design of the website.

Website Construction Scheme

After the overall design, we generally need to provide the customer with a website construction solution. Many website creation companies are requested by customers to provide solutions when they contact their businesses. At that time, the solution was generally general, and when the customer's requirements were not very clear, the solution was often very different from the actual production results. Therefore, we should try our best to get the customer's understanding and submit the solution after clarifying the requirements and overall design, which is beneficial to both parties. The website construction scheme includes the following parts:

A. Customer situation analysis;

B. Objectives and objectives of the website;

C. Website image description;

D. Section and structure of the website;

E. website content arrangement and links;

F. Use software, hardware, and technical analysis;

G. development time schedule;

H. Promote the promotion program;

I. Maintenance solution;

J. production cost;

K. Company Profile: Successful works, technology, talent descriptions, etc.

Congratulations! You can start to create a website. But it is not really a production. You need to design it in detail.

Appendix: pricing methods for foreign websites

How do I set the website price? For small enterprises, the prices are too high, they will scare away, the opening is too low, and they will not get profits. Due to the disorder of competition in the industry, the current domestic price is amazing. There are 1000 yuan to make the entire business website, and 2000 yuan to one page to cut customers. How does a foreign website production company specify the website production price?

The first is to calculate the hourly cost based on the employee's salary, various expenses, and profit margin, that is, the total price = salary + cost + profit

Example:

Assume that the company's monthly salary is 5000 yuan, the cost is 5000 yuan, the expected profit margin is 20%, and the working hours in January are 22*8 = 176 hours. According to the survey, generally, the website creation Company has 20-40% non-working hours. The actual working time is

176 * (1-25%) = 132

Therefore, the hourly cost is:

(5000 + 5000) * (1 + 20%)/132 = 90.90 RMB

When you understand the hourly cost, you will be aware of the price. There are three common pricing methods abroad: plan method, time method, and project evaluation method.

Plan method: Also known as the PAGE method, specifying the number of pages, number of images, number of links, and functions. This method is the most common, but it is not a good solution, because the pricing based on the page is vague :(

The time method is calculated based on the hourly cost. However, this method is often challenged and rejected by customers, which is difficult to implement.

Project evaluation method: splits the entire project into one small task, evaluates the skill difficulty of the work, calculates the Completion Time, And then calculates the price based on the hourly cost.

Detailed Website Design

In the overall design stage, a solution to the problem is proposed in a more abstract manner. The task in the detailed design phase is to embody the solution. The detailed design is mainly for the Program Development Section. But at this stage, we did not really write the program, but designed the detailed specification of the program. The purpose of this specification description is similar to the engineering blueprint that engineers often use in other engineering fields. They should include necessary details, such as program interfaces, forms, and required data. Programmers can write actual programs based on them.Code. (Not detailed here)

1. Overall Image Design

While programmers conduct detailed design, Web Designers begin to design the overall image and homepage of the website.

The overall image design includes standard words, logos, standard colors, and advertising languages. The homepage design includes layout, color, image, dynamic effects, icons, and other style designs, as well as banner, menu, title, copyright, and other modules. The home page is generally designed with 1-3 different styles for customers to choose from.

(The overall image design here is a brief introduction, see the http://www.realsky.com/web page production version of the "thinking about website design" series of articles)

Remember: After the customer determines the homepage style, ask the customer to sign and approve it. In the future, there may no longer be major changes to the layout style, otherwise it will be regarded as the second design.

2. Development and Production

Here, programmers and web designers enter the full development stage at the same time. It should be noted that testers need to test the web page and program at any time, and immediately record the bug and feedback the modification. Do not wait until the production is complete before testing. This will waste a lot of time and effort. The project manager needs to constantly understand the project progress and coordinate and communicate with programmers and web designers.

3. Complete debugging

After the preliminary completion of the website, upload it to the server to perform a full-range test on the website. Including speed, compatibility, interactivity, link correctness, program robustness, and ultra-traffic testing. Problems are promptly resolved and recorded.

Why do we need to record documents? In fact, this software engineering is a document and a standard that is constantly enriched and improved. By constantly discovering, solving, modifying, and supplementing problems, this standard is becoming more and more standardized and industrialized. In this way, website development tends to be standardized and reasonable.

4. Promotion

The promotion methods are as follows:

A. set an appropriate meta tag on the webpage;

B. log on to various search engines;

C. prepare press releases to be published on various news boards;

D. Use the email list properly;

E. Ad exchange;

F. Paid advertisement.

At this point, after the website project construction is completed, submit the relevant website and instructions for use to the customer for acceptance. If maintenance is required, a separate maintenance project will be signed.

(Appendix) Maintenance

After the successful launch of the website, long-term maintenance work has just begun. What we need to do is:

A. Respond to customer feedback in a timely manner. For example, you can use the automatic email reply function to resolve the problem within 1-3 business days and reply again;

B. website traffic statistical analysis and corresponding countermeasures;

C. Promote and use your website as much as possible;

D. update and maintain the website content in a timely manner.

1. website directory Specification

Directory creation principle: Provides the clearest and simplest access structure at the minimum level.

A. root directory. The root directory refers to the storage directory of index files directed to by the DNS server. Only index.html and main.html files and other necessary system files can be stored in the root directory;

B. each language version is stored in an independent directory;

C. Create an independent directory for each main function (main menu;

D. When the page contains more than 20 pages, each directory stores its own independent images directory. The shared images are placed in the images directory under the root directory;

E. All JS files are stored in the script directory under the root directory;

F. All CSS files are stored in the style directory of each language version.

G. All CGI programs are stored in the cgi_bin directory of the root directory.

2. File naming rules

File naming principle: use the least letters to make it easier to understand.

A. The index file system uses the index.html file name (in lower case ). The index.html file is used as a "bridge page". It only serves as a jump page and a meta tab without any specific content. The main internal page is main.htm;

B. The name of the menu image is translated into English by the menu name. For example:

About our aboutus

Feedback feedback

Product

The names of all single English words must be in lowercase, and the names of all combined English words must start with the first letter;

C. All file names and letters are underlined.

D. The naming rules for images are based on English letters. The size principle is the same as above.

E. js naming rules are based on functional English words. For example, the JS File Name of the AD bar is ad. js.

F. All cgi files are suffixed with. cgi.

3. Link Structure specifications

The principle of Link Structure: use the least link to make browsing the most efficient.

A Star Link structure is used between the home page and the level-1 page, and a tree link structure is used between the level-1 and level-2 pages. More than three levels of pages, set the navigation bar at the top of the page.

4. dimensional specifications

A. The page size is 800*600. The actual size is 778 * 434px.

B. The size of each standard page is A4, that is, 8.5x 11 inch.

C. The large banner is 468 * 60px, and the small banner is 88 * 31px.

The head area refers to the content between

Tags that must be added:

A. Company copyright note

<! --- The site is designed by maketown, INC 06/2000 --->

B. webpage display character set

<Meta HTTP-EQUIV = "Content-Type" content = "text/html; charset = gb2312">

Traditional Chinese: <meta HTTP-EQUIV = "Content-Type" content = "text/html; charset = big5">

English: <meta HTTP-EQUIV = "Content-Type" content = "text/html; charset = iso-8859-1">

C. webpage producer Information

<Meta name = "author" content = "webmaster@maketown.com">

D. Website Introduction

<Meta name = "Description" content = "xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx">

E. search keywords

<Meta name = "keywords" content = "XXXX, xxxx, XXX, XXXXX, xxxx,">

F. CSS specifications for webpages

<Link href = "style/style.css" rel = "stylesheet" type = "text/CSS">

G. webpage title

<Title> xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx </title>