Micro Shop Two side summary

1.http There are several ways?

2. What is the difference between a black box test and an automated test?

3. How to use white box test in the project?

How to view a hidden file under 4.linux?

find/files/clips to find-name ". *"-print

Explain:

(1). * Indicates the name of the folder to look for, because the hidden file and folder name for Linux/unix is "." The first, while the * denotes a wildcard, means to find all the file names and folder names in the "." Start files and folders

(2)-print and LS are the same as the meaning of printing

find/files/Clips to find-type d-iname ". *"-ls

-type: Specifies the type of file to be searched, whether it is a folder or a file, to use with F or D

F: Representative file, the English name of the document is file

D: The representative asking price folder, the English name of the Directionary

-iname: Ignoring case when matching file name

Search by file time

There are three timestamps for each file under Linux

Access Time (-atime): The last time a user accessed a file

Modification Time (-mtime): The time the file content was last modified

Change Time (-ctime): The time the file was last changed

Find.-type f-atime 7

It can also be ls-a show all folders including hidden folders

5. How do I set up a cyclic schedule?

Crontab

The user wants to set up a cyclic work schedule with the crontab command

crontab [-u username] [-l][-e][-r]

-U: Only root can perform this task

-e: Edit Crontab's work

-I: Check the work of crontab

-R: Delete Crontab's work content

Representative meaning	Minutes	Hours	Date	Month	Week
Number Range	0-59	0-23	1-31	1-12	0-7

For example, five minutes is required to perform a/home/dmtsai/over.txt

First use CRONTAB-E to enter the editor

*/5****/home/dmtsai/over.txt

6. About shell scripts?

HTTP is a protocol that belongs to an application-level object, with the following characteristics

1. Support client/server mode

2. Simple and fast: The client requests service to the server only passing methods and paths, the request method has Get,post,head

3. Flexibility: Allows the transfer of any type of data object

4. No connection: The meaning of no connection is to restrict each connection to only one request, the server after processing the customer request and be answered by the customer disconnect, in this way can save space

5. Stateless means that the protocol has no memory function for processing transactions

I. HTTP protocol detailed URL Chapter

HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is a request-based response mode, stateless application layer protocol, often based on the TCP link, HTTP1.1 version of a continuous link mechanism, the vast majority of web development is built on the HTTP protocol on the Web application

Two. Request for detailed HTTP protocol

The HTTP request consists of three parts, the request line, the message header, the request body

The request line begins with a method symbol, separated by a space, followed by the requested URL and version of the Protocol

There are several methods for HTTP requests:

GET post,head,put,delete,trace,connect,options

A URL is a special type that contains enough information to find a resource

GET: Request the resources indicated by the Request-url

Post: Append new data to the resource indicated by Request-url

HEAD: Request for the corresponding message header for the resource indicated by Request-url

PUT: The request server stores a resource and uses Request-url as the indicator

Delete: The request server deletes the resource represented by Request-url

TRACE: Requests the server to ECHO received message requests, primarily for testing or diagnostics

CONNECT: Keep Future use

Get method: Enter the URL in the browser's address bar to access the Web page, the browser uses the Get method to get resources to the server,

Post method: Requires the requested server to receive data attached to the request, often used to submit the form

If it is a get method and the arguments are passed in CGI mode, the Post method runs in CGI mode.

Get a URL to pass a parameter

The Post method places the message in the body of the message

The head method is almost the same as the Get method, and for the response part of the head request, its HTTP header contains the same information as the GET request, and with this method, the resource information indicated by Request-url can be obtained without transmitting the entire resource content. This method is often used to test the validity of hyperlinks, whether they can be accessed, and whether they are updated recently

Three. HTTP protocol detailed response

The server returns an HTTP response message after accepting and interpreting the request message

The HTTP response is also made up of three parts: status line, message header, response body

1. The status line format is as follows:

Http-version Status-code reason-phrase CRLF

which

Http-version: Represents the version of the server HTTP protocol;

Status-code: Represents the response code sent back by the server;

Reason-phrase: Text description that represents the status code

The status code consists of three digits, and the first array defines the category of the response, and there are five possible values:

1XX: Indication information-Indicates that the request has been accepted and continues processing

2XX: Success-Indicates that the request has been successfully received, understood, accepted

3XX: Redirect-you must take a closer step to complete the request

4XX: Client Error--Request syntax error, or request cannot be implemented

5XX: Server-side error-the server failed to implement a legitimate request

Common status codes, status descriptions, descriptions

200: Client Request succeeded

400: Client request has syntax error

401: Request Unauthorized

403: The server receives the request but refuses to reply

404: Request resource does not exist

503: The server is currently unable to process client requests

Four. HTTP protocol detailed message header chapter

The HTTP protocol consists of a client-to-server request and a server-to-client component, which consists of a request line, a message header, a blank line, a message body , and a response message.

The HTTP message header includes the normal header, the request header, the corresponding header, the entity header

Normal header: for sending messages only

Request Header: Additional information that allows the client to transfer requests to the server and information about the client itself

Response header: Only allow the server to pass additional information that cannot be placed in the status line, as well as information about the server and next access to the resources indicated by Request-url

Entity Header: both the request and response messages are routed an entity, and an entity consists of the entity header and the entity body, but it does not mean that the entity header and entity body are sent together, and can be transferred separately

Five. Using Telnet to observe the HTTP protocol communication process

Summarize the differences and connections between several tests

First, what tests can be divided into according to different partitioning rules?

1. According to whether the use of automated tools are divided into: manual testing, automated testing

2. According to the quality of the software divided into: Functional testing, reliability testing, ease of use, maintainable testing, portability testing

3. The test according to the stage can be divided into: unit test, inheritance test, System test

4. Follow the code of interest: Black box test, white box test

1. Basic Concepts

What is a manual test?

Manual testing is a person to enter a use case, and then observe the results, and machine testing to correspond, it is relying on people to find defects, generally using black box test, can be used in integrated test system testing

What is a functional test?

Functional testing is also called black-box testing or data-driven testing, only to consider the various functions, no need to consider the internal structure of the software and code. Generally from the software interface, the schema trigger, according to the requirements of writing test cases, input data between the expected results and the actual results of the evaluation, so that the product to meet the needs of users

What is a performance test?

Performance testing simulates various anomalies, peaks, and abnormal load conditions through automated test tools to test each performance of the system.

Load and stress tests are performance tests

The performance of the system under various workloads is determined through load testing, and the goal is to change the performance index of the system when the load test increases gradually .

Stress testing is to obtain the maximum service level provided by identifying a system bottleneck or an unacceptable point of trust

What is automated testing?

Automated testing is the process of converting an artificially driven test into a machine execution, usually after a test case has been reviewed by the tester in accordance with the procedures described in the test case, the actual results and expected results are compared

Add:

1. Prerequisites for automated testing

(1) Software requirements change infrequently;

(2) The project period is long enough

(3) Automated scripts can be reused

2. Prerequisites for automated testing

(1) Automated test requirements Analysis

(2) Construction of automated test framework

Common environment

Common methods

Common objects

Test data

(3) Writing of automated scripts

(4) Testing and running of scripts

The difference between several tests

1, the difference between manual testing and functional testing

Manual testing is a functional test, and manual testing is based on the use of automated tools, and functional testing is based on the six characteristics of the quality model

2. What is the difference between manual testing and automated testing?

Manual testing is a traditional test method, the test cases are written by the testers by hand, the test work is large and repeated, the regression test is difficult to realize, and the automated test is used to implement all or part of the test work, management, design, execution report, save a lot of test cost, And be able to complete some tests that the functional test cannot complete

3. What are the differences between functional testing and performance testing?

functional testing is only to verify the requirements, to find some errors in the function process or the interface is not friendly, and does not involve the structure and code inside the software , and performance testing mainly to the system can withstand the pressure, large data volume, processing speed and other aspects of testing, is to check the application from the program's internal area , such as concurrent testing, stress testing, etc.

Micro Shop Two side summary