Natural language programming for Chinese

Natural language programming for Chinese: L scripting language

L Why design a new programming language?

In the process of programming I always think, computer programming this thing takes so long time of study process, can make this job easier? There are so many programming languages, each with its own different grammatical rules and limitations, can it be possible to implement a programming language.

If we have a simple syntax, and also support Chinese programming language is not able to make programming easier this also can make programming more consistent with the general language expression habits.

To do this, I started to implement such a scripting language from scratch, because the scripting language is easier to implement than a statically compiled language like c,c++. This scripting language is named L language

L L scripting language is designed to support Chinese natural language programming

That is to say L scripting language wants to be more close to the language we usually speak and write articles, rather than computer-literate machine language, and it is built on the basis of Chinese, do not need to master English can be used

L L scripting language syntax for actions: objects, Parameters

Let's take a look at the meaning of a C language code and its textual expression

C Language Code	Explain
int num; num = 10; num=num+1; printf ("%d", num);	Defines an integer num; Assigns a value of 10 to the integer num; The value of NUM plus 1 is re-assigned to NUM; Print output num;

Why do we need to write the code on the left to let the computer run, why not write the description on the right to get the computer to work? Most computer software developers answer: Because the natural language on the right is not easy for computers to recognize.

But is that really the case?

I have been thinking, is it possible to allow computers to recognize natural language?

Let's observe that in computer programming, each line of code is a command, and the core of each command is a verb, and other information can be interpreted as a parameter.

In natural language, there are not only verbs, but also nouns, adjectives, quantifiers and so on.

All they have in common is a core verb.

So if we re-adjust the format of the natural language we write, is it easy for the computer to recognize it?

To verify the idea, I made a hypothesis that the programming language has only a command + parameter format

, such a grammar, that is, close to natural language, but also easy to make computer recognition

L in the L scripting language, only actions, objects, and strings

We use the L scripting language to implement the above-mentioned C language code

L Script language Code 1	L Script Language Code 2
Definitions: integers, num,10 Calculation: Formula, exp1,num=num+1 Display: num	Definitions: integers, num,10 Calculation: num=num+1 Display: num

Look, is not very simple, I think, do not need to have programming experience can read the above this section of the Code of the L scripting language

Moreover, this simple grammatical structure makes it easy for the computer to recognize

Is programming simple?

Of course, the preceding piece of code does not have much practical significance, and our L scripting language needs to be more powerful.

To do this, we need to define more language features.

L L scripting language Syntax description

In the code of the L scripting language, a line of code is a text string, a text string may be a command, it may be an object, and possibly the original text string

It seems a little confusing, but there are clear rules.

In one line of code, the beginning of a line must be an action: an object

So, the starting position of the line to ":" is the action name, ":" followed by the object name

Object names can be followed by arguments, or not with

If followed by a parameter, then use "," to separate the

Delimiter: Or: Preceded by a command or action, followed by an object

A separator, or, used to separate the parameter areas

Parameters can be either a string or an object

That's easy enough! There are not too many identifier elements in the scripting language, and there are only two separators, commas and colons, so the syntax is easy to remember.

What is an object? For a friend who has no contact with programming, this need to explain that the object is not "Object" object is translated from English object, the English Dictionary of the meaning of object is interpreted as: objects, objects. In fact, this is easy to understand, that is, we do not consider each of the calculation instructions when thinking about the problem of programming, but consider what action on an object.

Scripting language is also an object-oriented programming language!

L Other language features

There are some global objects built into the scripting language, but also allow the user to define their own instance of the object, and the interpretation engine of the scripting language will identify what the type of the parameter is.

We can also interpret actions as functions

A "Result" object is built into the scripting language, and the result object holds the result of the previous statement, which can be any object, but it is easily lost, and if we want to preserve the objects saved in the results, you can do so by using the capture command

The support for conditional statements is built into the scripting language, where the conditional statement is actually an action called the "if" statement

The script language also has built-in support for looping statements, where loop statements are also an action called "when" statements

Well, the light says no fake bashi. Let's look at the features of the L scripting language.

L L scripting language currently supports:

Support String, string comparison support substring assignment find substring

Support files, support file Open, read, write, get file size and other operations

Supports numeric operations, including arithmetic, logic, bitwise, and shift operations for integers and floating-point numbers

Support "Table", the table is actually borrowed from the Lua language concept, you can use it to implement a dynamic array, the table element can be any object, can be a function, of course, it can be a table, the size of the table is variable

Regular expressions are supported and strings can be matched by a built-in regular expression

Support functions, functions can have any number of arguments, parameters can be arbitrary objects, of course, it can be a function

Supports "Memory" objects to support memory comparisons

debugger, support single step execution, support breakpoint, support object view, support source Edit

Support for invoking operating system C language API

Support Library and library import mechanism, through the import library mechanism of L scripting language, can realize the extension of language itself, because can invoke the C language API provided by the operating system, so it can be implemented by users to implement various enhanced functions

Support network communication, support TCP,UDP protocol, can use the L scripting language to develop a simple network program, of course, can be a server, can also be a client

Support time, date, time comparison

Support Directory Management

Support for simple interactive input boxes

Support for generation of random numbers

Support for Registry editing

Support for custom classes, and instantiation of classes

Wow! It seems that our L scripting language is really capable, there are so many features!

L Let's see what I can do with the scripting language.

Support for Strings:

Because the L scripting language: And, is the delimiter so if you want to use it in a string: And, you need to enclose the string with "".

But the action and object names cannot be enclosed in "".

Why? This is simply because it's easier to implement, so it's a rule

Support for functions:

For a function to be defined (declared) before it can be called

The definition function has a clear format:

The function name can be any string, the formal parameter can be any string, the number of formal parameters can be any number of

function body can be any valid L script language script statement

function body starts with: function, format of function name

To end: The function, the format of the function name ends

Function arguments that need to be passed in to match the number defined when the function is called

The argument to the function must be an object

A function's arguments are objects, and the function itself is an object, so the function's arguments can also be functions

Does this make recursive calls possible?

In the L scripting language, the parameters of a function are passed by reference, that is, the formal parameter inside the function is just an alias of the actual parameter, and the interpreter engine is responsible for de-alias mapping at the end of the function call and exits the function body, so the modification of the formal parameter inside the function is also reflected on the actual parameter. Therefore, you need to consider this when designing the functions of the L scripting language to avoid accidentally modifying the values of the actual parameters.

L Example Program

The introduction of so much, as if still not clear, in the end how to program it?

Do not worry, I have implemented an L scripting language interpretation engine and a simple debugger, as long as we have a "notepad" or any kind of text editing software, you can implement the L scripting language programming, eh! The interpreter and debugger are developed in the C + + language.

Let's take a look at examples of programming and explain the syntax structure of the program as well, so it's easier to understand

In the L scripting language, the command format for mathematical operations is:

A calculation: The name of a formula, the content of a formula

Or

Calculation: The contents of a formula

Lines beginning with # are comments, and all comments are ignored by the interpreter

The beginning of the code line starts with #scp

The code has an. scp extension, which can be any extension, but it's just a convention.

The code file must be saved in an ANSI-encoded format, yes, or to make it easier

Example 1: Numerical operations

#scp #L脚本语言中支持的算术运算符号 +-*/% #L脚本语言中支持的逻辑运算符号 < <= = = > >=! != #L脚本语言支持赋值运算符 = + = = *=/=%= #数值也是对象, in the L scripting language, values are integers or floating-point numbers #算式是包含数学计算表达式及其计算结果的对象 #不支持--+ + This self-increment operation #目前只支持简单的算式 #对于运算符的优先级没有进行深入处理 #所以现在书写的表达式必须加括号 #很绕吗? Actually, it's not complicated. Definition: integer, I am an integer, 1001 Definition: integer, I am another integer, 1 Definition: integer, I am the result of the calculation, 0 #逻辑 "Non" operation Calculation: formula, formula17,! I'm the result of calculation Display: Formula17 #逻辑 "Not Equal to" Calculation: Formula, FORMULA16, I am the result of the calculation! = I am an integer Display: Formula16 #位运算 "Bitwise AND" Calculation: formula, equation 1, I am an integer & I am another integer Display: Calculation 1 #位运算 "Bitwise OR" Calculation: formula, equation 2, I am an integer | I'm another integer. Display: Calculation 2 #位运算 "Bitwise XOR" Calculation: formula, Equation 3, I am an integer ^ i am another integer Display: Calculation 3 #逻辑 "and" Calculation: formula, equation 4, I am the result of calculation && I am another integer Display: Calculation 4 #逻辑 "or" Calculation: calculation, equation 5, I am the result of computation | | I'm another integer. Display: Calculation 5 #按位左移 Calculation: formula, equation 6, I am an integer << I am another integer Display: Calculation 6 #按位右移 Calculation: formula, equation 7, I am an integer >> I am another integer Display: Calculation 7 #赋值 Calculation: Computation, FORMULA10, I am the result = I am an integer Display: FORMULA10 #逻辑 "equals" Calculations: calculation, FORMULA11, I am the result = = I am an integer Display: FORMULA11 # "Less than" Calculation: Formula, FORMULA12, I am the result of calculation < I am an integer Display: Formula12 # "Less than equals" Calculation: Formula, Formula13, I am the result of the calculation <= I am an integer Display: Formula13 Greater than Calculation: Formula, FORMULA14, I am the result of calculation > I am an integer Display: FORMULA14 "Greater than equals" Calculation: Formula, FORMULA15, I am the result of the calculation >= I am an integer Display: FORMULA15 #复杂一点的整数四则运算 Calculations: calculation, FORMULA9, I am the result = (I am an integer * (-2) * (-2) -1-9+6)/100 Display: FORMULA9 Definitions: integers, number1,8 Definitions: integers, number2,9 Definitions: integers, number3,100 #各种加减乘除运算 Calculation: Formula, formula1,number1* (NUMBER2+NUMBER3)-100 Calculation: Formula, FORMULA2, (number1* (Number2+number3))-(100*102) #计算: Formula, Formula2,100*number4 Calculation: Formula, Formula3,number1+number2*number1 Calculation: Formula, formula4,number1-number2-365 Calculation: Formula, Formula5,number1*number2 Calculation: Formula, Formula6,number1/number2 Calculation: Formula, Formula7,number1%number2 Calculation: Formula, Formula8,number1+number2*number2-number1*number3 #一些简单的函数以及函数调用 Definition: function, print and subtract one, parameter 1 Start: function, print and subtract one Display: Parameter 1 Calculation: Equation, exp1, parameter 1 = parameter 1-1 End: function, print and subtract one Definition: Integer, change factor, 100 When: Change Factor >0, call: function, print and subtract one, change factor Definitions: integers, rid,100 Definition: function, the circumference of the circle, radius Start: function to find the perimeter of a circle Calculation: formula, ret,2*3.14* radius Display: RET End: function to find the circumference of a circle Show: "Now the circumference of the circle" Call: function, round perimeter, RID Definitions: integers, rid2,10 Definition: function, area of circle, radius Start: function to find the area of a circle Calculation: Formula, ret,3.14* (RADIUS * radius) Display: RET End: function to find the area of a circle Show: "Now the area of the circle" Call: function, Rid2 area of the circle, Definition: floating point, float1,1.5 Definition: floating point, float2,155 Calculation: Formula, FORMULA111,FLOAT1*FLOAT2 Display: formula111 Definition: function, exponentiation, NUM1 Start: function, exponentiation Calculation: Formula, RET,NUM1*NUM1 Display: RET End: function, exponentiation Definition: function, square, NUM1 Start: function, square Calculation: Formula, RET,NUM1*NUM1 Display: RET End: function, square Definition: function, three times, NUM1 Start: function, three-time Square Calculation: Formula, RET,NUM1*NUM1*NUM1 Display: RET End: function, three-time Square Definition: function, remainder, num1,num2 Start: function, find remainder Calculation: Formula, ret,num1%num2 Display: RET End: function, seek remainder #定义: Value, anynum1,65535 #定义: Value, anynum2,3.14159 Display: Number1 Display: Number2 Display: FLOAT1 Display: FLOAT2 Display: Formula1 Display: FORMULA2 Display: FORMULA3 Display: FORMULA4 Display: FORMULA5 Display: FORMULA6 Display: Formula7 Display: Formula8 Invoke: Function, exponentiation, number1 Call: function, seek remainder, Number2,number1 Call: function, three-time Square, number1 #一些赋值运算 Calculation: I am an integer + = I am another integer Show: I am an integer Calculation: I am an integer-= I am another integer Show: I am an integer Calculation: I am an integer *= I am another integer Show: I am an integer Calculation: I am an integer/= I am another integer Show: I am an integer Calculation: I am an integer%= I am another integer Show: I am an integer

In the previous example, I introduced how to use the L scripting language programming to achieve numerical operations, as well as the writing of simple functions

Now let's look at how to use the L scripting language to implement string processing and string operations

Example 2: String processing

#scp Definition: function, function1, parameter 1, parameter 2 Start: function, function1 Popup: Message box, parameter 1, parameter 2 End: function, function1 Definition: String, str1, "This is a string" Definition: String, str2, "caption" Definition: String, STR3, "This is another string" Fetch substring: str4,str1,1,3; Display: STR4 Call: function, FUNCTION1,STR1,STR2 Call: function, FUNCTION1,STR3,STR2 Connection: String, STR1,STR3 Call: function, FUNCTION1,STR1,STR2 Definition: function, function2 Start: function, function2 Display: HelloWorld Popup: Message box, HelloWorld End: function, function2 Call: function, function2 Definition: function, Function3, parameter 1 Start: function, Function3 Definition: String, STR4, "function Call function" Definition: String, STR5, "message" Call: function, Parameter 1,STR4,STR5 End: function, Function3 Call: function, Function3,function1 Definition: function, Function4, parameter 1, parameter 2 Start: function, Function4 Open: File, file1, parameter 1 Write: File, file1, Parameter 2 End: function, Function4 Definition: string, filename, "C:\222.txt" Call: function, FUNCTION4,FILENAME,STR1 Display: filename Empty: string, filename Display: filename

Well, in the previous example, we know how to initialize string and various string manipulation functions, and we also implemented the built-in function to make the operating system pop up a message window, is it very simple?

Well, the operation of the string is not just a connection, a substring, a flush, it can be found and replaced, and the L script has built-in support for regular expressions, and we can find matching strings within the string through regular expressions

Example 3: String lookup substitution and use of regular expressions

#scp Definition: Regular expression, REGEXP1, "\d\d\d" Definition: String, STR2, "ABC" Definition: String, str1,123 Matching: Regular expressions, REGEXP1,STR1 Capture: RESULT1 Display: RESULT1 If: result1== match, popup: message box, regular expression matches to string, hint If: result1== does not match, popup: message box, regular expression does not match to string, hint Matching: Regular expressions, REGEXP1,STR2 Capture: Result2 Display: RESULT2 If: result2== match, popup: message box, regular expression matches to string, hint If: result2== does not match, popup: message box, regular expression does not match to string, hint Definition: string, string1, "123456ABCDEFG" Definition: String, string2, "ABC" Find: Strings, string1,string2 Capture: RESULT3 Display: RESULT3 If: result3== found, popup: Message box, find string, prompt If: result3== not found, popup: message box, string not found, hint Replace: String, String1,string2, "XYZ" Capture: Result4 Display: RESULT4 Display: string, string1 If: result4== found, popup: message box, find and replace string, hint If: result4== not found, popup: message box, string not found, hint

In the L scripting language, the result of each line of code execution is assigned to a "result" object, the contents of which can be any object, but it is easy to lose, if we do not save it, then the next line of code will be the result of the previous line to replace, so, When we need to preserve the results of the code execution, we can save the results of the code execution with a "capture" statement

In the example above, there is also a "if" statement with the syntax of the "if" statement:

If: conditional expression, the code that runs when the conditional expression is true

It's easy to understand.

But we don't have the if else structure like the C language, so what if we want to write the code that should execute when the condition is true and the condition is false? Just write one more "if" statement. Let the condition of the second "if" statement be the opposite of the first one.

I know this looks a little silly, but in order to make it simple, the preliminary design.

Well, after these few examples, we should be able to read the other code of the L scripting language, because the code is in Chinese, and the syntax is consistent, so I believe it is not difficult to understand.

In addition to numeric operations and string processing, can we also access files stored on disk?

Example 4: File processing and memory processing

#scp Open: File, File1,c:\1.txt displaying: Files, file1 Copy: File, C:\1.txt,c:\456.txt Copy: File, C:\456.txt,c:\789.txt Mobile: Files, C:\789.txt,c:\777.txt Delete: File, C:\777.txt Definitions: integers, size1,0 Take size: File, file1,size1 Display: Size1 Application: Memory, mem1,1024 Application: Memory, mem2,1024 Replication: Memory, MEM1,MEM2 Write: Memory, Mem1,number1 Definition: String, str1, this is a test string Write: File, file1,mem1 Write: File, file1,str1 Release: Memory, MEM1 Definitions: integers, size2,0 Take size: Memory, Mem2,size2 Display: Size2 Release: Memory, MEM2

Well! We've been able to manipulate files and applications and use memory, but is it a bit tedious to work on? Can we have some interaction with the computer?

Example 5: User interaction input----a simple calculator

#scp #我们用scp来开发一个计算器吧! Definition: string, string1 Definition: function, func1 Start: function, func1 Wait: User input, string1 Calculation: Formula, formula1,string1 Display: Formula1 End: function, func1 When: 1, call: function, func1

Ha ha! The original implementation of a calculator just a few lines of code Ah!

If you can only calculate some numeric expressions, handle some simple strings, and do simple file access it seems that it is not very interesting ah! Would it be more interesting to communicate with others through the computer network?

Of course, L scripting language can also implement basic network communication

Now let's make our own network communication!

Example 6:TCP echo Server and TCP client

#scp #这是一个TCP回显服务器的例子 #它不断监听一个网络连接 #如果有网络连接到来 #就通过新建立的网络连接接收一个字符串, print and send back to client Definition: string, string1, "Hello" Definition: String, string2, "" Definition: Address, addr2,127.0.0.1,27015 Definition: integer, number of bytes, 0 Definition: Network connection, CONN2,TCP Definition: function, routine Start: function, routine Listening: CONN2,ADDR2 Receive: Conn2,string2 Fetch size: String, string2, number of bytes If: Number of bytes >0, display: string2 If: Number of bytes >0, send: Conn2,string2 End: function, routine When: 1, call: function, routine

#scp #这是一个通过TCP协议向服务器发送字符串的例子 #它先发起对一个网络上的服务器的连接 #如果连接建立, send a string to the server #如果服务器返回消息 #就将消息打印输出 #这个过程重复100次 Definition: string, string1, "Hello" Definition: String, string2, "" Definition: Address, addr1,127.0.0.1,27015 Definition: integer, number of bytes, 0 Definitions: integers, count,100 Definition: Network connection, CONN1,TCP Connection: CONN1,ADDR1 Definition: function, function1 Start: function, function1 Send: Conn1,string1 Receive: Conn1,string2 Fetch size: String, string2, number of bytes If: Number of bytes >0, display: string2 Calculation: Formula, exp1,count=count-1 End: function, function1 When: count>0, call: function, function1

The original network communication is so simple AH! It seems that it is not too difficult for us to implement a simple chat tool ourselves! Only need to combine user input can realize real-time chat! You can try it yourself!

I have a lot of flaws in scripting language from grammar design to implementation, and the implementation of these features is only a short time, I hope the L scripting language can help those who want to learn programming, and programmers can use it to do some simple repetitive work.

The scripting language supports invoking the operating system API functions of the C language interface, and supports the import mechanism of libraries and libraries, so the L scripting language is extensible, and it is hoped that interested people can participate in the development of the L scripting language Library. Because I want to let the zero-based friends to learn the L script, and the development of the library needs some C language programming and operating system knowledge, here I do not go into the L Script library in-depth introduction.

I hope that interested friends can give me some suggestions about the errors and flaws that may exist in the L scripting engine, but if there is a better grammatical structure design and function point can also tell me.

Interested friends can download the L Script language interpretation engine and debugger installation package to try, the installation package contains the command line interpreter engine and a simple debugger, a grammar manual and some simple script examples.

CSDN Resources http://download.csdn.net/detail/itmes/8656133

Hope everyone programming Happy!

Natural language programming for Chinese