Network basic learning-nineteen vro hardware connection

After learning about the basic knowledge of the vro, we will officially intervene in the use of the vro from the beginning of this article. This article describes how to use the hardware connection of the router.

A vro is a type of high-end network access device used for interconnection between networks. Because the vro can connect to a variety of networks, there are many interface types. Therefore, before introducing the router connection method, we need to understand some basic interfaces of the router.

I. router interface

A vro has powerful network connection and routing functions. It can be physically connected to a variety of different networks, which makes the router interface technology very complex, the more upscale the router, the more interface types it has. A router can be connected to different LAN segments or to different wide-area networks. Therefore, the router interface types can be divided into LAN interface and WAN interface. In addition, because the router itself does not contain input and terminal display devices, but it must be configured before it can be used normally, the general router has a control port "console ", it is used to connect to a computer or terminal device and configure a router through specific software. Next, let's take a look at the router's LAN and WAN connection ports.

1. LAN interface

According to the interface name, we can see that these interfaces are mainly used to connect routers and LAN, because the LAN type is also diverse, therefore, the LAN interface type of the router may be diverse. Different networks have different interface types. Common Ethernet interfaces include AuI, BNC and RJ-45 interfaces, as well as FDDI, ATM and optical fiber interfaces, the following describes the main LAN interfaces.

(1) AuI Port

The AuI port is an interface used to connect to a coarse coaxial cable. It is a "d" Type 15-pin interface, this is one of the most common ports in the ring or bus network. The router can be connected to the 10base-5 network through the coarse coaxial cable transceiver, but it is more connected to the 10base-t Ethernet by means of external transceiver (AUI-to-RJ-45. Of course, you can also use other types of transceiver to connect to a thin coaxial cable (10base-2) or optical cable (10base-f. The router AuI interface mentioned here is mainly used for connection using a coarse coaxial cable as the transmission medium network.

(2) RJ-45 Port

RJ-45 port is our most common port, it is our common twisted pair Ethernet port, because in the Fast Ethernet also mainly uses twisted pair as the transmission medium, therefore, according to the port communication rate of different RJ-45 port can be divided into 10base-t network RJ-45 port and 100base-tx network RJ-45 port two types. The RJ-45 port of the 10base-t network is usually identified as "eth" in the router, while the RJ-45 port of the 100base-tx network is usually identified as "10/100 BTX ", this is because most Ethernet router products are now quickly adaptive to 10 Mbps/mbps bandwidth. 2 The 10base-t network RJ-45 port is shown on the left, and the 10/100 BASE-TX network RJ-45 port is shown on the right. In fact, the two kinds of RJ-45 port is completely the same as the port itself, but the corresponding network circuit structure in the port is different, so it cannot be casually connected.

(3) SC Port

The SC port is also known as an optical fiber port. It is used to connect to the optical fiber. Generally, this optical fiber port is unlikely to be directly connected to the workstation using optical fiber, generally, a vswitch with a fiber port is connected to a fast Ethernet or Gigabit Ethernet through an optical fiber. These ports are generally available in high-end routers and are marked with "B FX ".

2. WAN Interface

As mentioned above, vrouters can not only achieve the connection between LAN, but also the connection between LAN and WAN, and between Wan and wan. However, because the wide area network is large and the network environment is complex, the speed requirement of the port used by the router to connect to the wide area network is very high. In Ethernet, the speed requirement is generally above Mbps Fast Ethernet. The following describes several common Wan interfaces.

(1) RJ-45 Port

The RJ-45 port can also be used to establish a connection between the VLAN between the Wan and the LAN, as well as to the remote network or the Internet. If you use a router to provide routes for different VLANs, you can directly connect to different VLAN ports using twisted pair wires. But please note that the RJ-45 port is connected to the network is generally not 10base-t, but 100mbps Fast Ethernet above. If you must connect to a remote network through optical fiber or connect to a port of another type, you must use a transceiver to connect to each other. 4 is the fast Ethernet port.

(2) AuI Port

We have also discussed the AuI port in the LAN. It is a network interface used to connect to the coarse coaxial cable. In fact, the AuI port is also commonly used to connect to the WAN, however, this type of interface is rarely used in the WAN. On the Cisco 2600 series router, two WAN connection ports, AuI and RJ-45, are provided, allowing you to select the appropriate type as needed, as shown in Figure 5.

(3) High-Speed Synchronous Serial Port

In the WAN connection of the router, the port with the most applications must be counted as "high-speed synchronous serial port" (Serial, this port is mainly used to connect to network connection modes such as DDN, frame relay, X.25, and PSTN. Sometimes DDN or X.25 or other WAN connection technologies are used for leased line connection between enterprise networks. This type of synchronization port generally requires a very high speed, because in general, both ends of the network connected through this port require real-time synchronization. 6 shows the high-speed synchronous serial port.

(4) asynchronous serial port

Asynchronous Serial Port (async) is mainly used for modem or modem pool connections. It is used for remote computers to dial in to the network through the public telephone network. Compared with the synchronization port described above, this asynchronous port requires much loose speed, because it does not require real-time synchronization between the two ends of the network, but only requires continuous speed. So what we see on the Internet is not necessarily the Real-Time content on the website, but this is not important, because after all, this latency is very small, it is important that the webpage can be properly downloaded while browsing the webpage. 7 shows the asynchronous serial port.

(5) isdn bri Port

Because the connection speed of the Internet access method such as ISDN has its own unique side, at that time, when ISDN was just emerging, it had been fully applied to the Internet connection mode. The isdn bri port is used to connect an ISDN line to the Internet or other remote networks through a router, achieving a communication rate of kbps. ISDN has two speed connection ports, one is isdn bri (Basic Rate Interface), the other is isdn pri (basic group Rate Interface), isdn bri port is based on RJ-45 standard, the connection to ISDN nt1 uses a RJ-45-to-RJ-45 express connect. Port 8 is the isdn bri port.

3. router configuration interface

There are actually two vro configuration ports, namely "console" and "Aux". "console" is usually used to perform basic vro configuration through a dedicated connection with a computer, "Aux" is used for vro remote configuration and connection.

(1) Console Port

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The Console port is connected directly to the serial port of the computer by configuring a dedicated connection line. Terminal simulation is used.Program(For example, "Super Terminal" in Windows. The Console port on the router is mostly a RJ-45 port. 9 contains a console Configuration Port.

(2) Aux port

The Aux port is an asynchronous port. It is mainly used for remote configuration, dial-up, and modem connection. Supports hardware flow control ). The Aux port and Console port are usually placed together because they apply different configuration environments.

Ii. vro hardware connection

Vro is widely used and has many port types. They are used for different network connections, if you cannot understand the functions of the respective ports, you may encounter incorrect connections, resulting in incorrect network connection and network failure. Next we will further understand the connection application environment of each port through several vro Network Connection forms. The hardware connection of the router mainly includes the connection with the LAN device, the connection with the WAN device, and the connection with the configuration device.

1. connections between routers and LAN Access Devices

A lan device is primarily a hub and a switch. A switch typically uses only RJ-45 and SC ports, while a hub typically uses AuI, BNC, and RJ-45 ports. Next, we will briefly introduce how to connect a vro and a set of ports on the devices.

(1) RJ-45-to-RJ-45

This connection means that the router is connected to both ends of the RJ-45 interface, if the router and the Set line equipment provide RJ-45 port, then, you can use twisted pair wires to connect the two ports of the cabling device and the router. Note that, unlike the connection between a set-line device, the connection between a vro and a set-line device does not use a Line X, but uses a Line X, that is, the line sequence at both ends of the Jumper is identical, it does not mean that the line sequence is the same. For a Mbps network, the Mbps exchange method is used. For details, refer to the previous chapter in this tutorial. Note that the cascade connections between hub devices are usually performed through cascade ports, while the interconnection between routers and hubs or switches is performed through common ports. In addition, the communication rate between the router and the port of the Set-line equipment should be matched as much as possible. Otherwise, it is better to make the port speed of the Set-line equipment higher than the Router speed and connect the router directly to the switch.

(2) AUI-to-RJ-45

This occurs primarily when the router is connected to the hub, and if the router has only the AuI port and the collection device provides the RJ-45 port, you must use the AUI-to-RJ-45 transceiver to connect the two. Of course, the twisted pair jumper between the transceiver and the wire collecting device must also use a straight line, as shown in connection 10.

(3) SC-to-RJ-45 or SC-to-AuI

This is generally the connection between the router and the switch, such as the switch only has the fiber port, and the routing device provides the RJ-45 port or AuI port, the connection between the two can be achieved only through the SC-to-RJ-45 or SC-to-AuI transceiver. The twisted pair jumper between the transceiver and the switch must also use a straight line. However, it is rare that a vswitch is a pure fiber interface.

2. connection between a router and an Internet access device

As we know above, the main application of routers is to connect to the Internet. This is the most widely used scenario when Internet access is made by local networks of public institutions, it is also an essential device. The connection between routers and Internet access devices is as follows:

(1) asynchronous serial port connection

We have already introduced this asynchronous serial port. It is mainly used to establish a connection with the modem to enable remote computers to dial the local area network through the public telephone network. In addition, it can be used to connect to other terminals. When the router is connected to the modem through a cable, it must be connected using a AYSNC-to-DB25 or AYSNC-to-DB9 adapter. The connection between the vromodem and the modem or terminal is shown in Figure 11.

(2) Synchronous Serial Port

There are many synchronous serial port types supported in the vro. For example, the Cisco system can support five different types of interfaces: EIA/TIA-232 interface, EIA/TIA-449 interface, V.35 interface, X.21 serial cable integration and EIA-530 interface, the corresponding adapter icons are 12, 13, 14, 15, and 16, respectively. Note that, in general, the two ends of the adapter connection adopt different shapes (generally called the "public" end with a pin, while the end with a hole is usually called "mother "), but there are also exceptions, "EIA-530" interface at both ends are the same interface type, which is mainly considering the tightness of the connection, see Figure 16. For other interfaces, the "Public Header" is the DTE (data terminal device, data terminal equipment) connection adapter, and the "Master Header" is the DCE (data communication device, data communications equipment) connection adapter.

As shown in figure 17, the synchronous serial port is connected to the Internet access device. During the connection, you only need to check the connection line and the interface type of the device to know the correct choice.

(3) isdn bri Port

We have already introduced some feasible solutions for ISDN in Internet access, in the development and design of the vro, the corresponding modules are prepared for the connection with the ISDN device, and special ports are reserved. The isdn bri module of a Cisco router can be divided into two types: one is the isdn bri s/T module and the other is the isdn bri u module, the former must be connected to the Internet together with the nt1 terminal device of ISDN, because the S/T port can only be connected to a digital phone device, and it is not applicable to connecting to an existing analog phone device through nt1, the latter has a built-in nt1 module, which is called "nt1 +" terminal device. Its "U" port can be directly connected to the analog telephone external line. Therefore, there is no need to connect to the external ISDN nt1, can be directly connected to the wall panel socket of the telephone line

3. Configure the port

As mentioned above, the vro Configuration Port varies according to the configuration method, and the ports used are different. There are two main types of ports: one is the "console" port used for local configuration, and the other is the "Aux" port used for remote configuration. The following describes the connection methods respectively.

(1) connection method of the Console Port

When you use a computer to configure a vro, you must use a flip line to connect the Console port of the vro with the serial port/parallel port of the computer, depending on whether the computer is using a serial or parallel port, choose to make RJ-45-to-DB-9 or RJ-45-to-DB-25 conversion adapter, 20.

(2) Aux port connection method

When you need to configure the vro through remote access, you need to use the Aux port. The aux interface in appearance is actually the same as the above introduced RJ-45 structure, but the corresponding circuit inside is different, the function is also different. Depending on the port used by the modem, it is also necessary to determine whether to connect to the modem through the Aux port through the RJ-45 to DB9 or RJ-45 to db25 transceiver selection. The connection method between the Aux port of the router and the modem is shown in Figure 21.

Now, we have introduced various router connection methods,

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This article describes the configurations of vrouters.

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