Network Equipment _20160906_V1

1. Introduction

Network equipment is divided into many kinds, in addition to the basic routers and switches, there are security devices such as firewalls, flow control equipment, intrusion detection equipment and intrusion prevention devices and so on. Not only there are many kinds of network equipment, there are many network manufacturers, there are corresponding network equipment and network operating system, its internal implementation mechanism may be different, but the functionality provided is similar. Different manufacturers of the shell is the implementation of the CLI is different, so different network vendors have their own configuration commands, although the command is different, but the function is similar, as long as the study of a production of products, understand the internal principle, the same products of other vendors need to be familiar with the command can be quickly mastered.

2, the common network producers

Foreign producers

Cisco, Juniper, HP, 3Com ...

F5, Checkpoint # Load Balancer   

  ...

Domestic production business

Huawei, Ruijie, Hua San (h3c)

...

Domestic safety producers

Green Alliance technology, Qiming star, Tian Rong letter, deeply convinced

...

3. Several types of Cisco products

Router

c2600,c2800

c3600,c3800,c3900

c7200,c7600,csr12000

Switch

c2900

c3500

c3700

c6500,c7600

Firewall

Pix

Asa

4, Equipment hardware architecture Brief

The hardware architecture of the device actually follows the von Neumann structure, which is the storage structure. However, the network device has a rich interface with respect to other computer devices. Therefore, the hardware architecture of network equipment mainly includes: computing system, storage systems, power system and interface system.

Computing

As the name implies, the computing system is the machine responsible for computing, that is, CPU or computing engine. (Early CPU-based data forwarding, the performance of the computing system to a large extent determines the performance of network equipment, but now is generally based on hardware forwarding, performance has been improved quality)

Power system

is usually a piece of power, multi-block power is to achieve redundancy

Storage System

RAM: Memory, generally small, network operating system itself is not large, configuration is occupied memory resources are not many

Rom:cmos/bios, used to load the bootloader for booting the kernel

Flash: Equivalent to a hard disk, mainly used to store operating system and configuration files (that is, commands, usually switches)

NVRAM: Non-volatile memory, mainly used by routers to store configuration files

Interface System

The number of different device interfaces is different, that is, the number of network cards is different.

5, the interconnection of equipment

Cable:

Fiber Optics : Single-mode and Multimode

The signal transmission distance of single mode fiber is far, and the signal transmission distance of multimode fiber is near

Network cable : Ethernet cable, twisted pair, now commonly used are super five twisted pair

Divided into shielded twisted pair (STP) and unshielded twisted pair (UTP)

Also divided into straight lines and crossover lines

Straight line and crossover line

A straight line refers to the same line sequence used on both ends of the network cable (same as Class A or Class B)

Cross-line refers to the use of the two ends of the network cable sequence is different (a class, one end for Class B)

Line Order

Orange white orange green white blue blue white green brown white Brown (Class B line)

White green orange white blue blue white orange brown white brown (Class A line)

The crossover line is used for the interconnection of the peers, and the straight line is used for interconnection of different levels of equipment, where the level refers to a three-layer device or a two-layer device. But now the device by default has the function of auto-flip, can be flipped through the command, so the peer device can also be directly connected to the use of Direct Line commemorative

Between the devices through the fiber or twisted-pair connection, through the configuration can be interoperable, then the device configuration how?

1, directly using the console line connection console configuration (using securecrt), general user initialization

2, in the case of interoperability between devices, you can use the protocol to connect and configure, such as telnet,ssh,http ...

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Network Equipment _20160906_V1