On the way of the university ②

There are many ways of classifying the university, but in the author's opinion, the university can be divided into the university that practice Newman's educational idea and the university that practice Humboldt's educational idea.

The first: Newman-style University

Newman summed up the success of many British universities in higher education, specifically to emphasize that in the university, students in addition to learning knowledge, exchange, study, become friends, is their essential life experience, the ultimate goal of education is to develop the ability to serve the community, rather than to send a diploma. Newman also expounded his vision and the educational philosophy praised by many educators in Britain and America through books were written and speeches. Newman believes that the starting point for training people is to train and shape a young man, broaden his horizons, so that he can assume the responsibility of the secular, to become better social people. Newman pursues the ultimate ideal of education.

This and China's education is not the same, the Chinese university graduates after graduating from the diploma has specialized, undergraduate, master, doctoral and so on. One of my primary school students score is not good, three were not admitted, but is a minority, when she told me that she wanted to fill the minority preparatory, because read out at least the diploma is undergraduate, not a specialist, later looking for a job will be advantageous, I remember at that time I very agree with her idea. than we have a few years of college students now read most of the four years of undergraduate, but also to try to master, or it is all a few + a few of Ben Shuo even read, Shuo Boljan read, go to foreign study and so on, feel around the brother and sister know most are so, can not deny, I think so. But when I read this book, think again, as if we have been instilled in a good university after a good job such thinking, even high school we have to try to test a book, rushed 211, 985, and then finished the undergraduate examination, Cobb, because reading Good university in other people's view is particularly good people, After reading, it is easier to find a job. But the foreign countries are seldom so, the educational idea is different, the social thought is not the same. Of course, it is possible that the situation in China only applies to such a method, but we can actually try a little bit on the success of foreign education, so that students are more exposed to society and nature, and not confined to schools, which may make university education even better.

The big line is another key factor in Newman's educational philosophy. A college student's only face must be wide, not limited to a few courses in a professional. He advocated the general education, to provide students with various courses of choice, as well as the emphasis on quality training ideas, generally applicable to higher education. Of course, in addition to thinking about the concept of school-running, there must be enough to give students a choice of courses and professional freedom and students have the possibility of mutually reinforcing each other.

The book mentions that some of the top universities in the United States give students the freedom to choose and take classes, so that they can choose a major that they can really learn and are interested in. The book also mentions that the two top schools, Harvard and Massachusetts, can choose between each other, which greatly increases the range of students ' learning. But these two aspects are basically not to be done in China. First of all, from the Chinese choice of professional, once accepted by this professional, the transfer of professional may be very small, unless you are very excellent in school, it is possible to turn. So, this holiday I and girlfriends go out to play, she said she liberal arts and science is particularly good, but the professional is engineering, she wants to turn professional, study in the school and not top-notch, which ruined her turn professional ideas. In terms of course selection, a school, open elective courses are very limited, students interested in the school may not have, China should now have no one to choose between the university. PKU and Tsinghua are very close to the school, but there is no mutual choice of courses such channels, may be pulled not below, may also be reluctant, which caused the students to choose the course of the situation is limited. Now there are many cities have university city, several universities together, but also each of the universities, each of the classes.

So the majority of Chinese students are confined to their own professional knowledge, can not be fully developed. Actually know more knowledge for me is very helpful, I now study is a total engineering, then the liberal arts is basically not contact, if you can through the course to let me understand the culture, art, politics and other aspects of knowledge, it is certainly the best, after all, knowledge is the ocean, is boundless endless.

The second type: Humboldt system

Humboldt put forward the spirit of "research and teaching unity". Graduation must have a more profound understanding of a major. This kind of education is completely different from Newman's idea. Humboldt's education is mainly in the industry, science and technology, nature and other aspects have a greater contribution. This kind of education can quickly make a person make a great contribution in a certain field. But after the promotion, the American famous University, a person to take a professional degree, but at the same time may be good at many fields, because he accepted a generalist education. In fact, the earlier Descartes, Newton, they were involved in a lot of areas, each field of performance is very good.

Now we cannot say that Newman's generalist education is better than Humboldt's expertise, and that the latter is better at finding a job, but that it is difficult to develop a broad-minded leader and industrialist. If you combine the two, it will appear that not every student needs or can achieve the same level of love you all-round development and training their professional expertise, running costs, many people in the community do not feel that this does not have a series of problems, moreover, four years of learning must be both through and special is very difficult.

From the rise of modern American universities, the Education of American universities is mainly generalist, which makes students ' knowledge rich, social experience rich and comprehensive ability stronger. The goal of postgraduate training is to enable students to master the social and to settle the means. And the Doctor is the waistline world to contribute new knowledge and make achievements. This and our country's education has the very big difference, moreover in our country many people's eyes, the graduate student and the Doctor is used to be easier than the undergraduate student to find the work the means, this greatly loses the master and the Doctor's significance.

After reading this chapter, I feel that my specialized course is very important, it is necessary to study seriously, but at the same time I hope that I can through elective, or reading and other ways to increase other aspects of knowledge, which is very useful to me, is to let me not confined to the professional one way, To make good use of the resources available to work hard, refueling learning.

On the way of the university ②