One click to build the PXE automatic machine

1. What is a DHCP server? What are the parameters that can be assigned?

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, mainly simplifies the management of host IP address assignment

Parameters that can be assigned

IP address/Subnet mask/broadcast address

Gateway

DNS server address

2. Benefits of using DHCP

Reduce the workload for administrators

Reduce the possibility of input errors

Avoid IP collisions

When the network changes IP segment Yes, you do not need to reconfigure the IP for each computer

Computer move does not have to reconfigure TCP/IP information

Increase IP Address utilization

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Building a basic DHCP server

Installing DHCP Packages

[[email protected] ~]# yum-y Install DHCP

Modifying the master configuration file

[Email protected] ~]# vim/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

Read in configuration file

R:/usr/share/doc/dhcp*/dhcpd.conf.sample

[Email protected] ~]# tail-7/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

Subnet 192.168.4.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {

Range 192.168.4.10 192.168.4.50;

Option Domain-name-servers 192.168.4.5;

Option routers 192.168.4.254;

Default-lease-time 600;

Max-lease-time 7200;

}

Start the DHCP service [[email protected] ~]#/ETC/INIT.D/DHCPD restart

pc205

Modify the eth0 NIC configuration file

[Email protected] ~]# Vim/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

Bootprotr=dhcp

Restart Network

[Email protected] ~]#/etc/init.d/network restart

Svr5

If starting DHCP fails the query port is occupied

[Email protected] ~]# NETSTAT-ANPTU | grep 67

UDP 0 0 0.0.0.0:67 0.0.0.0:* 2189/dnsmasq

Kill Port Occupancy

[Email protected] ~]# Killall DNSMASQ

Restart SVR5 DHCP again

[Email protected] ~]#/ETC/INIT.D/DHCPD restart

Querying the port again to see if it occupies

[Email protected] ~]# NETSTAT-ANPTU | grep 67

UDP 0 0 0.0.0.0:67 0.0.0.0:* 3110/DHCPD

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Server-side UDP 67, client UDP 68

There should be at least one static IP address that belongs to the specified scope

Temporary configuration/testing, we recommend the use of Dhcplient

Format Dhclient-d Network interface

Option-D debug Mode-R release address

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PXE Network installation Deployment

Advantages of network installed

Scale: Assemble multiple hosts at the same time

Automatic installation system configuration of various services

Remote implementations do not require physical installation media such as USB flash drive discs

What's the PXE network

Pxe

Pre-boot execution environment before the operating system runs

Can be used for remote installation to build diskless workstations

Working mode PXE integrated in the NIC ROM

BIOS puts PXE Clint into memory execution when calculating boot

Get PXE server configuration display menu download remote operating system to run locally based on user selection

PXE component and Process analysis

Need those services

DHCP service assigns IP address locator bootstrapper

DNS service assigns host names to clients

TFTP service provides bootstrapper download

The FTP service (or HTTP/NFS) provides a Yum installation source

The conditions the client should have

The NIC ROM must support the PXE protocol

Motherboard Support Network boot

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Building DNS

Modifying the master configuration file

[Email protected] ~]# vim/etc/named.conf

Options {

Directory "/var/named";

};

Zone "4.168.192.in-addr.arpa" in {

Type master;

File "192.168.4.zone";

};

Modify the Address library file

[Email protected] ~]# Vim/var/named/192.168.4.zone

NS svr5.tedu.cn.

$GENERATE 10-50 $ PTR stu$.tedu.cn.

Restart named service

[Email protected] ~]#/etc/init.d/named restart

Native validation

[email protected] ~]# nslookup 192.168.4.10 192.168.4.5

Server:192.168.4.5

Address:192.168.4.5#53

10.4.168.192.in-addr.arpaname = stu10.tedu.cn.

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Configure DHCP

Modifying the master configuration file

[Email protected] ~]# vim/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

Next-server 192.168.4.5; Specify who the next server is

FileName "pxelinux.0"; Specify the name of the download boot file

}

Restart DHCPD Service

[Email protected] ~]#/ETC/INIT.D/DHCPD restart

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TFTP configuration

TFTP: Simple File Transfer Protocol UDP 69

Temporary services

Installing temporary Services

[Email protected] ~]# yum-y install Tftp-server

Handing over temporary services to xinetd Butler

[[email protected] ~]# chkconfig tftp on

Restart the Xinete

[Email protected] ~]#/etc/init.d/xinetd restart

Query port number

[Email protected] ~]# NETSTAT-ANPTU |grep xinetd

UDP 0 0 0.0.0.0:69 0.0.0.0:* 4783/xinetd

TFTP: Default shared file path/var/lib/tftpboot/

1. Prepare the pxelinux.0 (NIC boot file)

Query the pxelinux generated by that one package in the warehouse. 0

[Email protected] ~]# Yum-y provides */pxelinux.0

Installation

[Email protected] ~]# yum-y install Syslinux-nonlinux

Query path

[Email protected] ~]# rpm-ql syslinux-nonlinux |grep pxelinux.0

/usr/share/syslinux/gpxelinux.0

/usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0

Copy pxelinux.0

[Email protected] ~]# cp/usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0/var/lib/tftpboot/,

Query pxelinux.0

[Email protected] ~]# ls/var/lib/tftpboot/

pxelinux.0

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2 preparing the Kernel and drivers

Mounting discs

[Email protected] ~]# mount/dev/cdrom/mnt

Mount:block Device/dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only

Copy files

[Email protected] ~]# cp/mnt/isolinux/vmlinuz/var/lib/tftpboot/

[Email protected] ~]# cp/mnt/isolinux/initrd.img/var/lib/tftpboot/

View Files

[Email protected] ~]# ls/var/lib/tftpboot/

Initrd.img pxelinux.0 Vmlinuz

3. Prepare the menu file

Create File Ka

[Email protected] ~]# mkdir/var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg

Copy renaming default must be named

[Email protected] ~]# Cp/mnt/isolinux/isolinux.cfg/var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default

Permissions 644

[Email protected] ~]# chmod 644/var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default

Modifying a configuration file

[Email protected] ~]# Vim/var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default

[Email protected] ~]# Cat/var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default

Default Linux defaults to select that one label

Timeout 60 read seconds 6 seconds 1/10 seconds

Label Linux label name

Kernel Vmlinuz Loading kernel

Append initrd=initrd.img Load Driver

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FTP Setup

[[email protected] ~]# rpm-q vsftpd Check if RPM is installed

Vsftpd-2.2.2-14.el6.x86_64

[[email protected] ~]#/ETC/INIT.D/VSFTPD status program is running

VSFTPD (PID 1818) is running ...

[[email protected] ~]# ls/var/ftp/query file

Anon.txt Pub

[[email protected] ~]# mkdir/var/ftp/rhel6 Create RHEL6 folder

[[email protected] ~]# mount/dev/cdrom/var/ftp/rhel6 mount file to Rhel6

Mount:block Device/dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only mounted successfully

Test Firefox ftp://192.168.4.5/rhel6 on a real machine

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Unattended Installation Kickstart answer file

Installation

1. Installing the Yum-y install System-config-kickstart graphics generate answer File tool

2. Running the System-config-kickstart program

View Ks.cfg

[Email protected] ~]# ls/root/ks.cfg

/root/ks.cfg

The file should be placed in the./var/ftp

[Email protected] ~]# cp/root/ks.cfg/var/ftp/

[Email protected] ~]# ls/var/ftp/ks.cfg

/var/ftp/ks.cfg

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Last Step Modify Menu file

[Email protected] ~]# Vim/var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default

[Email protected] ~]# tail-9/var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default

Default Linux

Timeout 60

Label Linux

Kernel Vmlinuz

Append initrd=initrd.img ks=ftp://192.168.4.5/ks.cfg

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Summarize ideas

DHCP----------->ip next-server.pxelinux.0

TFTP (initrd.img vmlinuz pxelinux.0 default)

Default (Load initrd.img load vmlinuz ks file)

KS File Installation Source

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This article from "Summer" blog, declined reprint!

One click to build the PXE automatic machine