Open Systems Theory (3) The characteristics of biology--the second law of thermodynamics, and entropy (2) Does the universe tend to be disordered?

God said, the light is good.

So there was light.

I want the light.

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The development environment is being installed. Fortunately, there are two screens, sneak in, write a few words.

The second law of thermodynamics is simple: from disorder to order, external energy input is required.

This law is "heterogeneous" in physics. This is easy to understand because physics emphasizes closure and no outside input.

So, the second law of thermodynamics, in fact, is not good to remember, because the input energy, how much is used. This is going back to the hypothesis of physics: the inputs are all used, or%.

We're talking about open systems theory, and some people are trying to get the theory right, and there are no successful cases, you see: Here's one:

The opposite. When we have time, we'll look at the book in detail, unfortunately, I bought one.

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In thermodynamics, a descriptive parameter is defined: entropy.

Orderly growth, the value of entropy decreases; conversely, increases.

Thermodynamics tells us that in the inanimate world, the total entropy is irreversible to increase the direction of entropy.

This theory, until today, is correct.

For example, Newton and Einstein both folded up, here.

After the discovery of gravitation, they are to keep the universe stationary, that is, the total entropy is constant, one to the absolute 0 points of God, one is to assume the existence of ether, can counteract gravity.

If they turn back and think about the second law of thermodynamics, they will not be so foolish.

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So, basically, the total entropy of the universe is increasing, and eventually the universe will go to the dead-because the entropy is the same everywhere, without the exchange of energy.

But we in the biological world, have been in the trend and evolution.

The so-called evolution, that is, the increase in order.

From the inanimate virus to the human race, the middle of the billions of years passed.

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With regard to the biological world, open systems, constantly absorbing energy from the outside world, to increase the order of entropy reduction, there is no objection.

But the entropy of the universe has been reduced, but it does not necessarily make sense at all.

But it can be said in another way: energy levels.

The energy level has been declining, and from the Big Bang to the present, the overall trend is right.

For example, constancy radiates energy outward, and these energies are essentially descended from the energy levels of the atoms.

From hydrogen to helium, the electrons are closer to the nucleus (and possibly the opposite) because the gravitational force of the nucleus becomes larger, and the energy level drops. has been reduced to iron.

It is possible to start with iron, increase the energy of the nucleus, greater than the energy released by the atom, so the iron level is the lowest.

Then it becomes a white dwarf, or a neutron star. And then a black hole.

The energy levels are falling down.

After the black hole has radiated light, there is nothing. Not to mention, protons may also decay.

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So it seems that the universe tends to be disordered.

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But if so, how can there still be organisms?

Possible gravitation, is a main cause.

In the process of lowering the energy level, the cooled material produces gravitational force.

Force, basically, should be the category of quantum theory. The energy particles of the speed of light are exchanged between two objects, producing forces.

In other words, after the mass is produced, the accompanying gravitational force disrupts the average chaotic process of the universe.

A lot of energy, which is preserved by elementary particles such as

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The hydrogen element is the most easily formed, so that the first generation of stars is formed;

They erupt, forming heavy elements, and then forming the second generation of constancy, our sun is.

It is also gravity that forms the planets of the Earth.

Because the sun still has to reduce its own energy levels, so the external energy radiation, in the form of light to reach the Earth.

Thus, between the sun and the earth, a local environment that satisfies the second law of Thermodynamics is formed, with the input of external energies.

Thus, for the existence of our human being, provides the possibility.

So, as far as we can see, gravity, it seems, may be the enemy of entropy.

Although, basically, the universe does increase in entropy, at least in part, gravity is actually increasing in the fight against entropy.

Of course, the Earth's position formation process is long and difficult. For example, in Mercury's interior, there are many planets that have fallen to the sun, a masterpiece of Saturn and Jupiter. Because of these, their energy levels are down, so they are closer to the sun, so they are farther away. But for the good of the Earth, we are pushed closer to the sun, where we may be on Mars.

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The stage is ready.

The origin of the life behind, and the light and effect.