Optical fiber FTTH access technical standards and deployment Solutions

The following describes FTTH access technical standards and deployment solutions, including how FTTH is connected to your network. As copper prices keep rising and the cost of optical cables keep decreasing, fiber-to-household (FTTH) services that provide bandwidth much higher than metal wire access are becoming the focus of ISP (broadband operator) promotion this year, in the near future, high-speed broadband will no longer be a dream for ordinary consumers.

I. Fully Understand FTTH

Fiber Optic Communication (FTTx) has been regarded as the most promising broadband access method after DSL broadband access. Unlike Common twisted pair wires, FTTx has a higher working frequency, larger capacity (you can upgrade to an exclusive bandwidth of 10-Mbps as needed), lower attenuation, no strong electrical interference, strong anti-electromagnetic pulse capability, and good confidentiality.

FTTx includes multiple access modes, such as common FTTP (fiber-to-station, fiber tothepremise), FTTB (fiber-to-building, fiber tothebuilding), and FTTC (fiber-to-road, fiber tothecurb) FTTN (optical fiber to neighbors, fiber totheneighborhood), FTTZ (optical fiber to residential area, fiber tothezone), FTTO (optical fiber to office, fiber totheoffice), FTTH (optical fiber to household or fiber to home, fiber tothehome).

Best Choice for FTTH access to the home

For many home users, FTTH is the best choice, which can directly connect optical fiber and optical network unit (ONU) to the home, in addition to FTTD (fiber-to-desktop), fiber-to-desktop is the most user-friendly fiber-to-broadband access mode. With the broad form of fiber-optic broadband access, it must be noted that FTTH broadband access currently does not simply refer to fiber-optic access to the home, it has generally referred to FTTO, FTTD, FTTN and other types of optical fiber access to households.

In addition, the reader's understanding of FTTH should be noted that it is different from the common "FTTx + LAN (optical fiber + LAN)" Broadband Access solution. FTTx + LAN is a broadband access solution that uses optical fiber + 5 twisted pair wires to achieve "Mbps to residential area or Building, 1-10 Mbps to home"-vswitches and local switches and optical network units in the residential area (ONU).

The residential area uses 5 types of twisted pair wires for Integrated Wiring, and the user's Internet access speed can reach 1-10 Mbps. Unlike the dedicated bandwidth solution of FTTH, FTTx + LAN is shared by multiple users or families, it is difficult to guarantee its bandwidth or network speed.

Ii. FTTH access technical standards

Currently, the ADSL2 + and FTTH with dedicated bandwidth have become the mainstream trend in the future development of broadband. In terms of FTTH technology, after APON (ATMPON), there are currently GPON (GigabitPON) standards developed by ITU/FSAN, and EPON (EthernetPON) developed by the 802.3ah Working Group) the two standards are competing.

GPON technology is a new generation of Broadband Passive Optical integrated access standard based on ITU-TG.984.x standards, available bandwidth is about 1111 Mbit/s, although the technical implementation is complex, however, it has the advantages of high bandwidth, high efficiency, wide coverage, and rich user interfaces. It is regarded by some European and American operators as an ideal technology for broadband access network services.

The EPON solution has good scalability and can implement multiple fiber-optic entry-to-entry modes.

EPON (Ethernet Passive Optical Network) is also a new type of optical fiber access network technology. The total bandwidth for effective uplink transmission is 1000 Mbit/s. It adopts point-to-point structure and passive optical fiber transmission, it can provide a variety of services over Ethernet. It combines the advantages of PON and Ethernet technologies, and features low cost, high bandwidth, high scalability, good compatibility with existing Ethernet, and convenient management, it is widely used in Asia, such as China and Japan.

Regardless of which PON optical fiber system is composed of OLT (OpticalLineTerminal, optical line terminal), POS (Passiveopticalsplitter, Passive Optical Splitter/coupler POS), ONU (OpticalNetworkUnit, optical network Unit) it consists of three parts and the network management system. In addition, these parts are deployed by the ISP installer during installation, and family users generally have no conditions to set up them themselves.

Iii. FTTH access deployment plan

In terms of specific functions, the OLT is placed at the ISP center to control the connection, management, and maintenance of the channel. The maximum transmission distance between the OLT and The ONU can reach 10-20km. The OLT has a set of ranging functions to test the logical distance between each ONU and the OLT, and then directs the ONU to adjust the signal transmission delay accordingly, so that the signals sent by ONU at different distances can be accurately reused at the OLT.

An OLT device also provides the bandwidth allocation function. The OLT can allocate specific bandwidth based on The ONU's needs. In addition, the OLT device has a point-to-multiple-point hub feature. An OLT can contain 32 onus (and can be expanded later). All onus under each OLT share 1 GB of bandwidth through time division multiplexing, that is, each ONU can provide up to 1 Gbps bandwidth for upstream and downstream traffic.

The POS Passive Optical Fiber splitter, that is, the splitter or splitter, is a passive device connected to the OLT and ONU. Its function is to distribute the input (downstream) optical signals to multiple output ports, this allows multiple users to share a single optical fiber to share bandwidth. In the uplink direction, multiple ONU optical signals are reused in one optical fiber.

ONU generally has 1-32 m ports and can be connected to various network terminals

ONU is a device used on the user end to access the end user or corridor switch. It uses a single optical fiber to transmit data of multiple ONU to an OLT port through a passive splitter. Because the tree topology of point-to-point and multi-point is adopted, the investment of the aggregation device is reduced, and the network layer is clearer.

Most ONU devices have certain switch functions. The uplink interface is the PON interface, which is connected to the interface board of the OLT device through a passive splitter. the downlink is through 1-32 RJ45 ports of Mbit/s or even Gbit/s, connect different data devices, such as vswitches, broadband routers, computers, IP phones, and set-top boxes, to achieve fast point-to-point deployment.

4. networking in the home

Generally, most FTTH-to-user ONU devices provide at least four M RJ45 interfaces. for users who have four computers that use a wired network card to connect, it has been able to meet the needs of multi-host internet sharing in the home. In addition, for an FTTH Network using a dynamic IP address, you can also independently connect to a switch or Wireless AP to expand the wired and wireless networks as needed.

The current Broadband Router can perfectly support FTTH access solutions

For an FTTH terminal that uses a fixed IP address and only provides one M RJ45 interface, it can be expanded through a Broadband Router or a wireless router. During configuration, you only need to find the "WAN port" option on the router's WEB Settings interface, and select the WAN port connection type as the "static IP" method. Then, enter the IP address, subnet mask, gateway, and DNS address provided by the ISP in the following interface.

In addition, users who have purchased a Broadband Router or wireless router should use it as a switch or Wireless ap in the ftth Network. Pay attention to the following points during Configuration: to set a leased line router to a vswitch or a Wireless AP, You Need To directly Insert the twisted pair Cable plug from The ONU device into any interface in the router LAN port. On the router Management page, disable the default DHCP server function. Set the IP address of the router and The ONU device using the dynamic IP address to the same network segment.

As FTTH Access provides unlimited bandwidth, FTTH is known as the "King" of the Broadband Age and the ultimate goal of broadband development. After fiber-optic transfer, the user's Internet access speed can be significantly improved. It takes only a few seconds to download a mb dvd movie, which is dozens of times faster than the current ADSL solution. With the decreasing of FTTH setup costs, light goes from dream to reality.