Overall project management

Overall project management is the process of coordination to meet the needs of all parties to achieve the intended purpose. It is a comprehensive and global task. The main content is to weigh the gains and losses among conflicting or selectable goals. Although all project management processes can be regarded as a whole to some extent, these processes described in integrated management are the most basic management knowledge. Integrated management mainly includes three processes: project plan development, project plan implementation, and comprehensive project change control. These processes affect each other and other processes in other fields.

　　Project Plan Development

In integrated management, project planning development is to use the output of the project planning process in other fields to create a document with full content and compact structure to guide the implementation and control of the project. Therefore, the main basis for the project planning and development process is the results of other project planning processes. Here, the project planning process mainly includes a series of planning processes, including scope plan, scope definition, activity definition, schedule, resource planning, cost budget, quality planning, management planning, and communication planning. In these processes, the most basic documents are: Work analysis structure and auxiliary instructions.

Management policies of the Organization should also be considered during project planning and development. All project-related organizations may have formal or informal policies. These policies are the specifications and standards for project implementation and must be observed and implemented by the project team, so their impact must be taken into account in the plan. For example, the employment and dismissal standards in the personnel management policy.

At the same time, you need to refer to the historical project materials for project planning and development. The historical data of the project is the basis for project planning and provides reference for the project planning.

Finally, the constraints and assumptions of the project need to be considered in the project planning development. The constraint is to restrict the running of the project management team. For example, when a project is executed according to the contract, the contract terms are usually a constraint. It is assumed that some uncertain content needs to be viewed as real and definite content for the purpose of project planning. As part of the project planning, the project team often identifies, records, and promotes these assumptions. It is assumed that there is usually a certain degree of risk.

During project planning and development, a programmatic planning method is usually used to guide the project team's work. For small projects, it may be a very simple and structured method, such as standard templates and drawings. For some large projects, a series of models and various mathematical methods may be required, such: monte Carlo method and value analysis method. For most projects, "rigid" tools and methods are generally used together with "flexible" tools and methods.

In the project planning and development process, a large amount of information collection, sorting, and processing work is required. To facilitate the work progress, the Project Management Information System (PMIS) is often used ). With the popularization of computer systems, PMIS has been adopted by most project implementation organizations, especially for some large projects. Without such a computer-based system, it is difficult to develop complex project plans.

Project Plan Development will produce two important results: project plan and auxiliary description. A project plan is a formal and approved document for managing and controlling project implementation. Content that cannot be included in the Project Plan must be reflected in the form of supplementary instructions.

　　Project Plan Implementation

The project plan implementation process is the process of completing the entire project plan task. In this process, various project objectives need to be achieved, and various special plans need to be implemented.

The implementation of the project plan is mainly based on the results of the development phase of the Project Plan-the project plan and auxiliary description. At the same time, the organization management policy will also serve as an auxiliary document to guide the project implementation.

Various risk events are inevitable during the implementation of the project plan. To reduce the impact of project risk events on project implementation, preventive measures are usually designed to reduce the probability of project risk events. These measures will also be used as inputs to the implementation of the project plan.

In addition, during the implementation of the project plan, it is usually difficult to ensure that the project is fully implemented according to the plan. When there is a deviation in the project, some measures need to be taken to reduce the impact of the deviation on the project, these measures are referred to as corrective actions and will also be used as inputs for Project Plan implementation.

The project plan implementation process is the most influential process in the project. The project manager and the project management team must coordinate and solve various technical and organizational problems in the project to achieve the project goal. The methods, techniques, and tools used in this process include the following:

1. Common management skills. Such as the art of leadership, information exchange and negotiation all have a substantial impact on the implementation of the project plan.

2. production skills and knowledge. Skills and knowledge about Project products are the basis for project plan implementation. These skills are acquired by human resources management personnel as part of the project planning.

3. Work distribution system. This is a process to ensure that the project work can be completed on time and in order. The basic approach is to start work activities or start work packages on a written basis. However, in some cases, appropriate work distribution systems should be adopted according to the specific project characteristics.

4. Progress inspection meeting. It is a regular meeting for project progress information exchange. In many projects, progress meetings are held in a variety of irregular and different levels (for example, weekly meetings within the Project Management Team ).

5. Project Management Information System (PMIS ).

6. Organize the management process. During project implementation, all relevant organizations of the project have formal and informal processes, which have a great impact on project implementation.

The project implementation result is the project deliverables generated during the project implementation process. In addition, it also includes various documents and materials for project implementation and implementation results, such as the tasks that have been completed, the tasks that have not been completed, and the quality standards that have been met.

　　Comprehensive change control

For projects, changes are inevitable. To minimize the impact of project changes, a change control method is required. Comprehensive change control mainly includes the following content: identify factors that affect project changes, and determine whether the scope of project changes has occurred. The main basis for comprehensive change control is the project plan, change requests, and performance reports that provide project execution status information.

To ensure the standardization and Effective Implementation of Project changes, the project implementation organization usually has a change control system. The change control system is a formal and documented program that defines how project performance is monitored and evaluated and what level of project files can be changed. It includes File Processing, system tracking, process procedures, and Change Approval permission control.

The results of comprehensive change control include the updated project plan, rectification measures, and experience summary.

The above is a general analysis of the main processes and work of the overall project management, as well as the methods and technologies used in the process. It is worth noting that at different stages of the project, the content of the overall project management work will be different, and the workload will be different. However, in order for the project to succeed, it is necessary to carry out integrated management from the perspective of integration and from a global perspective, rather than simply emphasizing specific special management work.