Photography terminology (4)

Crop factor)Because the imaging chip in the camera is usually less than 35mm film, it has different characteristics when you place the lens for the SLR camera on the DSLR camera. It seems that the image has been cropped, so there is a cropping coefficient. For example, a 100mm lens will change to a 160mm lens on a camera with a cropping factor of X (for example, Canon eosdigital rebelxti. Or 75mm of the lens will change to 113mm on a x cropping camera (such as Nikon D50.

CRT cathode ray tubes are older technologies used on television and computer displays. This technology has been quickly replaced by better and lighter LCD technology. See "LCD ".

Depth of field)The depth of field (DOF) is the number of focus points in an image ). The shortest DOF means that only a few images are focused, and the deeper DOF means that more images are focused clearly.

Diffuser)A photographic device that generates less eye-catching light. For more information, see Chapter 2nd.

Digital camera (Digital Camera)A camera that uses an imaging chip instead of a film to capture photos.

Digital darkroom)This term refers to the use of digital image editing software to polish, adjust, and edit images, similar to the dark room in the film era.

Digital zoom)A scaling mode. After taking a photo, the camera crops the image or adjusts the image size. The most efficient scaling option is optical scaling. See "Optical scaling ".

Double join painting (diptych)Use one of the two pictures in one image. See "Sanlian painting ".

Directional Light)Light from a specific direction is called a directional light, such as direct sunlight or flashlight. See "full-direction light ".

Display)On a digital camera, a display is a small LCD display on the back of the camera. You can use it to preview images.

DSLR digital SLR camera. See SLR.

Dynamic Range)The Shadow range of the imaging chip or film that can be captured between completely black and white.

Exposure)The combination of aperture, shutter time, and ISO settings used for shooting is the photo exposure.

Exposure bracketing)For more information, see "auto-surround exposure ".

Extension Tube)The mechanical device can be used to Securely connect lenses far from the fuselage. It can be used to extend the focus distance closer to the lens. For more information, see "skin cavity ".

Fill flash)Use the flashlight to reduce the shadow or highlight the foreground, so that the foreground is more prominent than the background.

Filter)In photography, a filter is usually a glass mirror screwed to the front of the lens. They change the quality of light. You can also apply software filters, such as PhotoShop or photoshopelements, in a software package.

Fixed focal length lens (fixed focus lens)The focal length cannot be changed. See "fixed focal lens ".

Flash)The flashlight used in photography.

Flash device (flash unit)A very convenient flash system is usually connected to the camera's hot boots.

Focus distance (focal distance)See "focal length ".

Focal Length (focal length)The distance from the front of the lens element to the film or imaging chip. The unit is mm.

Focal plane (focal plane)An imaginary plane in which all vertices focus on a given lens.

Focus)Adjust the lens and focus the light to provide clear images on the camera's imaging chip or film.

Focus bracketing)In order to improve the chance of clearly focusing the shooting object, the chance of success can be fundamentally improved by using focus to enclose the exposure. Use a slightly different focal length to take three photos, so as to enable focusing and surrounding exposure. Take a picture when you think it is correct focus, and take a picture when the focal length is slightly closer. Take a picture at a slight focal length.

Focusing Screen)A thin frosted glass in the camera system usually has microprism or special frosted pattern. The focusing screen is used for manual focus, making it easy for photographers to determine whether to focus perfectly on the shooting object. Most modern DSLR cameras have a simplified focus screen, which is difficult to use in auto focus compared to an old-fashioned split-plane focus screen.

Frooglegoolge developed a price-based search engine (froogle.google.com ).It is suitable for finding suitable photographic equipment at a proper price.

Golden time (golden hour)The time before Sunday or sunrise, because the light is warm at this time. This is usually the best time to take a photo.

Grey card (graycard)Plastic Sheet or card, with an accurate 18% Neutral gray. It can be used to measure light and white balance.

Grain)See "noise ".

Helicon is a software company that specializes in developing photography software for macro photography. See www.helicon.com. ua/pages.

Histogram (histogram)A histogram is a graph that represents the exposure value. It is provided in some cameras and digital editing programs to help you eliminate exposure problems. For more information, see Chapter 1.

Honeycombfilter creates studio flash accessories with directional light. The filter is named for its honeycomb shape.

Hot Shoe)All SLR and metal connectors on some portable digital cameras can be connected to external flash devices.

Imaging Chip)High-sensitivity chips can convert light into electrical signals. Digital cameras use imaging chips instead of film.

Incandescent light)The light emitted by the light bulb.

Device (isntallation)The Device Art in the photographic environment uses unusual methods for artistic purposes. For example, it is often referred to as Device Art to project a photo onto a surface.

JPEG joint image expert group files are lossy image file formats. When an image is saved in lossy format, details are lost. Its file size is smaller than that of TIFF and raw files. However, because of the compression algorithm, the image quality is reduced after each edit-save process. Most digital cameras store images in JPEG format, as this is an excellent compromise between quality and file size.

Layers)A powerful way to process photos in an image editing program, which can be used to separate and stack different image elements.

An LCD is usually located behind a digital camera and can be used to map and preview images.

Lens flare)When the light shines on the front lens element, many spot spots are displayed in the photo. We usually see a row of spot.

Light tent)When taking macro photography in a studio, you can soften the light and reduce the reflection. For more information, see Chapter 2nd and Chapter 4th.

Lossless (lossless)The file format will not lose details, no matter how many edits and saves. See tiff.

Lossy (lossy)When the image is saved in this file format, details are lost. See JPEG.

Macro lens (macro lens)A lens that can focus clearly at a very short focal length.

Macro Mode)A button on a portable digital camera allows focus at close points.

Macro photography)Take a close shot of a small object or a small area of a large object, usually using a magnification factor between (x) and (5x physical size. For more information, see Chapter 1st.

Manual focus)Manually adjust the lens by adjusting the focal ring or changing the distance between the camera and the shooting object, so that the shooting object can be clearly focused. This corresponds to auto focus.

Medium format)A medium-width camera is a film-based camera that uses negatives larger than 35mm pieces of film.

Memory card)The card that saves the captured image. Its size is different, usually from 64 MB to 8 GB. It replaces film storage media in digital cameras.

Micro photography)Take a photo at a very high magnification, usually with a factor of 5X or higher.

Mirror lock-up)A technology in the DSLR camera, the mirror has been opened before the camera. This can reduce the problem of image mirroring.

Mirror shot (mirror slap)In a DSLR camera, you can use the mirror in front of the imaging sensor to view the picture structure through the viewfinder. When taking the photo, the mirror moves up and emits a cool voice unique to the SLR camera. During polar macro photography, the lens shot may produce jitter. To avoid the impact of a mirror shot, use the mirror to lock.

Monopod)A tripod with one leg used to stabilize the camera. Although it is better to use a single tripod for photography than not, it is best to use a tripod for photography. See "Tripod ".

Negative space)Not all aspects of the shape, position, and other aspects of the actual shooting object.

Noise)The digital noise in the image itself is a bright spot in the image. Usually a high ISO setting and a long shutter time will cause noise.

Omnidirectional light)In contrast to the direction of light, the whole direction of light comes from many directions, such as the sunlight after the clouds spread.

Optical zoom)Zoom using the optical elements in the zoom lens. It is different from the digital zoom included in many portable digital cameras.

The hollow cart in the middle of passpartout is placed under the glass in the frame.. It can prevent photos from touching the glass and improve the visual experience of the photos.

Photoblog allows photographers to post photos of their favorite websites. Most websites that post photos of a day are phtotblog.

Photoshop industry-standard professional digital image editing software package.

Pixel (pixel)Indicates the image element. A pixel is a color point and brightness information. The resolution of a camera is usually measured in megabytes (M pixels). The 1 m pixel is 1 million pixels.

Post (postproduction)Any photography operations performed after the shutter is closed, including processing in the camera, digital darkroom processing, and printing.

Fixed focal lens (prime lens)There is only one focal length lens. Compared with the corresponding zoom lens, these lenses are generally of higher quality but at a lower price. The most common focal lengths are 28, 50, 85mm, and 100. See "zoom lens ".

Raw And Tiff are similar lossless formats. Unlike other formats, RAW stores all the data provided by the imaging chip, which means more raw photo data is available in the digital darkroom. Raw files cannot be directly used; images can only be used after conversion (usually converted to Tiff and JPEG.

Reflector)Photographic Equipment used to reflect light.

Retouching)When working in an image editing package, polishing means editing only a part of the image, such as using a paint brush and other tools. On the contrary, you can use a filter to process an image when taking a photo, which usually affects the entire image at a time.

Reversal Ring)Screw the ring of the camera clip assembly to connect the lens through a threaded connection. This allows you to reverse the camera. See Chapter 2nd to learn more about how to use anti-link rings.

Reversed Lens)Use a reverse loop to reversely connect the lens to the camera.

The abbreviation of RGB red, green, and blue. Three common color channels used in digital image editing are also called color spaces. See CMYK.

Trigger (Rule of thirds)This theory shows that, after two horizontal and two vertical lines are divided into nine parts, the most important image elements should be distributed along these imaginary lines.

Shutter time)The time when the shutter is opened. Usually the shutter time in macro photography ranges from 1/1000s to about 2 s.

The SLR single lens reflective camera is a type of camera system that uses a replaceable lens on the fuselage. Focus, imaging, and measurement exposures are all carried out through the lens. When focusing, you can view the image through the prism and mirror.

Shade (snoot)A conical attachment with a hole at one end for aligning the light from the studio flashlight.

Specular hightlight)A small white highlight on a shooting object. For example, the light in the shooting object's eye usually comes from the reflected back-light.

Stacked Lens)Connect multiple lenses. The front lens element is relative. This technique can achieve a higher magnification.

Step-down ring)See the adapter ring.

Step-up ring)See the adapter ring.

Stepping Ring)If you do not want to buy the same Filter Lens and anti-ring for a variety of lenses, you can buy a transfer ring. This is a Filter Lens Without glass lenses, and each side has different sizes of threads. The 22-55 adapter ring is called a small ring. You can screw the ring into the thread of the 52mm lens and screw the 55mm Filter Lens on the other end. On the contrary, the 55-52 adapter ring is a large small ring. The first number always refers to the size of the circle closest to the camera.

Stone bag)A triangle bag that can be mounted on the leg of a tripod. Fill in stones or other heavy objects to stabilize the tripod.

Camera System (System camera)Camera types with different types of lenses, flash devices, and other accessories. The opposite to the camera system is the fixed focus camera.

Tele Converter)Attachment between the lens and the body of the DSLR camera. It increases the focal length of the lens. A 100mm-inch lens with 2x contrast mirror becomes a 200mm-inch lens.

Threading Adapter)The adapter is used in front of a portable digital camera and can be screwed into the front of the camera with a suitable filter or other accessories.

Tiff label Image File Format (also known as. Tiff or. tif)A file is a lossless image file. Because the image details are retained, the file is larger than the JPEG file. Storing and opening these files multiple times does not reduce the image quality.

Tripod (tripod)The three-legged bracket can stabilize the camera during shooting. See "single tripod ".

Triptych)A photo representation. Three photos are used in one screen.

The abbreviation of "Through thelens" after a TTL mirror. Measure or view any aspect of the lens taken by the camera. For Flash technology, the camera will measure the actual Flash output seen by the lens.

Vignetting)A condition that occurs when an image is taken or edited. When a filter or lens blocks the light at the corner of the screen, an angle may appear. The only way to avoid the dark angle is to further enlarge (which will reduce the effect of the dark angle), or use a large ring and a larger filter.

Detail loss)This occurs when an over-exposed image contains a white area. These white areas are called detail loss areas.

White Balance)Tell the camera which color should be white. Most cameras automatically set white balance, but some cameras can also be adjusted manually. For more information about white balance, see Chapter 1.

White Balance bracketing)The settings in the camera can be used to capture images multiple times with multiple preset white balance settings. If you suspect that there is a white balance problem, it is usually better to take a photo in raw format.

Zoom Lens)A photographic lens with multiple focal lengths, such as 28-100mm. A fixed focal length lens is a fixed focal length lens or fixed focal length lens. See "fixed focal lens ".

Ambient Light)Natural light in a scenario.

Aperture (Aperture)An adjustable circular opening in the lens controls the amount of light that reaches the camera sensor before taking the photo. The aperture diameter is expressed in the form of F. The smaller the number, the larger the aperture. The aperture and shutter speed are used together to control the amount of light that reaches the sensor. For more information, see Level F and shutter speed.

Aperture Priority (Aperture prority)In aperture first (AV) mode, the photographer selects the desired aperture, and then sets the shutter speed by the camera as needed. This setting is very useful in portrait photography when controlling the depth of scenes.

Backlight)The light comes from the back of the shooting object. For more information, see direction light.

Ball Head)A cloud platform type. This sphere is mounted on the tripod's cloud platform. After connecting it to the camera, you can adjust the camera in a very smooth and multi-direction manner until the camera cannot be moved after the location is locked. The top of the ball is an axis with a folder or platform installed with a fast unload device.

Battery grip)It can be installed on the device at the bottom of a digital single lens reflective (DSLR) camera. because it can provide more power, it can prolong the battery life.

Reflective card (bounce card)A white, golden, or silver card used to provide soft indirect lighting by reflecting the light back from the card. It can also be used to slightly illuminate the shadow area.

Reflected light)Light that is reflected from a reflective surface (such as a wall, ceiling, or reflector) can use softer light to light the shooting object and reduce the glare of the object. The color of the reflected surface determines the color of the light that is reflected to the shooting object.

Brightness)The brightness (bright/dark) of the image, the intensity of the light source, or the brightness of the color.

Card Reader)This device can be used to transmit images from a memory card to a computer. When downloading an image, you do not need to connect the camera to your computer. You only need to insert the card reader to your computer's USB or FireWire port.

Catch light)It is a form of reflection light and a flash in the human eye.

Color cast)Apply to the specific color of the entire image. The color offset changes the color of the image, but the saturation and brightness remain unchanged.

Color temperature)For more information, see kairman and color bias.

Color Wheel)A color wheel is a graph that shows the color relationship. The harmonious color is adjacent to the color wheel, and the complementary color is relative to the color wheel. For more information, see complementary and harmonious colors.

Complementary color)The relative color of the color wheel. When the complementary colors appear together, the intensity increases.

The continuous drive mode is a camera mode that allows you to quickly take multiple consecutive photos. This mode works well when shooting sports and activities for children.

Continuous Lighting)A light source that always emits light. You can view how the light shines on the shooting object in the scene.

Crop factor)This refers to part of the dropped field of view, because some DSLR cameras have less than 35mm photographic film sensors. The camera can only capture part of the information projected by the lens, making the image look like it was taken with a longer lens. To calculate the focal length, you must know the cropping coefficient of DSLR. This information should be provided with the camera. The three most common coefficients are 1.5, 1.6, and 2.0. For example, if you connect a 100mm lens to a DSLR with a cropping factor of 1.5, the actual captured image is the same as that of a 150mm lens (100mm × 150 = ). For details, see focal length coefficient and DSLR cropping coefficient.

Diffuser)A translucent material that is placed between the light source and the shooting object to soften the glare of the scene. For more information, see the flashlight flexible.

Digital zoom)Remove the scene edge in the camera to bring the shooting object closer.

Directional Light)The direction in which the light comes from. For more information, see backlight, side light, and top light.

DSLR cropping coefficient (DSLR crop factor)A digital camera without full-size sensors can increase the focal length of the lens, resulting in "cropping" or reducing the image's field of view.

Dynamic Range)The range between the darker and brightest parts of the image.

External Flash)A flashlight device that connects to the camera through a cable, or is triggered by the light emitted by the camera's built-in flash.

Field of view)In photography, it refers to the angle of view that can be seen through the camera lens.

Filter)Glass or optical resin that can be placed in front of the lens can affect the image in the camera.

Flash)A built-in or out-of-the-box device on a camera that instantly emits light, illuminating a scene manually.

Flash diffuser)A flashlight attachment consisting of a white translucent plastic or fabric cover that can be clipped to the flashlight head. When the light of the flashlight reaches the shooting object through a translucent cover, it is already soft and scattered.

Flash sync speed)The fastest shutter speed that enables flashing and captures all images.