PMP Exam six laws of management

Murphy's Law

The simplest form of expression is "something that is likely to go wrong (anything that can goes wrong will go wrong)"

Edward Melfi (Edward A. Murphy) is an engineer who participated in the MX981 experiment conducted by the United States Air Force in 1949. The aim of the experiment was to determine the limit of human tolerance to acceleration. One of the experiments was to put 16 rocket accelerometers on top of the subjects, and there were two ways to fix the accelerometer on the stand, and it was incredible that someone methodically put all 16 accelerometers in the wrong place. So Murphy made this famous assertion and was quoted by the subject at a press conference a few days later.

The original sentence of Murphy's law is this: If there is, or more ways to does something, and one of the those ways can result in a catastrophe, the n someone will do it. (if there are two options, one of which will lead to a disaster, someone must make that choice.) ）

1, according to "Murphy's Law":
(1) Nothing is as simple as it seems;
(2) Everything will be longer than you expected;
(3) Mistakes are always going wrong;
(4) It is more likely to happen if you are concerned about a situation.

2. Some variants or inferences of Murphy's law.
Philosophy
(1) Do not try to teach the cat to sing, so that not only will not result, but also make the cat unhappy?
(2) Don't quarrel with a fool, or others will not understand, in the end who is a fool?
(3) Do not think you are important, because without you, the sun will still rise from the East tomorrow.
(4) Smile, tomorrow may not be better than today.
(5) A good beginning may not have a good result; the beginning of a bad one tends to be worse.
Philosophy
(6) If you help a friend in need of money, he will remember you-when he needs money the next time.
(7) Capable--let him do, incapable--teach him to do, not do--manage him.
(8) You arrive early, the meeting is canceled, you arrive on time, but you wait, late is late.
(9) The more you travel with your company, the less you want to see it, the more you meet someone you know.
The Meaning of Love
(10) You fall in love with someone who always thinks you are in love with him because: he reminds you of your old lover.
(11) The last time you have to bite the bullet, send a love letter, how long it will be, and how long you'll have to go back.

Peter Principle

Peter's principle is a conclusion from the study of the phenomenon of the promotion of people in the organization by Lawrence-Peter, an American scholar: in various organizations, employees tend to be promoted to their incompetent position because they are accustomed to promoting promotion to those who are competent at a certain level. In other words, jobs are always occupied by incompetent people.

Peter's principle is sometimes referred to as the "climbing" principle. This phenomenon is ubiquitous in real life: A competent professor is not competent after being promoted to the university president, and a good athlete is promoted to be a sports officer and does nothing.
For an organization, once a considerable part of the organization is pushed to the level of incompetence, it can lead to overstaffing and inefficiency of the organization, leading to the mediocrity and stagnation of the people. Therefore, this requires a change in the simple "promotion based on contribution" of the enterprise staff promotion mechanism, not because someone at a certain level of work is excellent, it is inferred that this person will be able to do a higher level of post. We should establish scientific and reasonable personnel selection mechanism, objectively evaluate the ability and level of each employee, and arrange the staff to the position which can be qualified. Do not promote the position as the main reward for the staff, should establish a more effective incentive mechanism, more pay, leave and other ways as a means of reward. Sometimes the promotion of an employee to a position which can not be very good to play, not only is not the reward for the staff, but so that workers can not play a good ability, but also to bring losses to the enterprise.
Personally, while each of us is looking forward to a constant promotion, don't climb up as your only motivation. Rather than in a position that cannot be fully qualified to support, at a loss, it is better to find a self-sufficient position to play their own expertise.

Parkinson's Law

1, Origin: Parkinson's Law (Parkinson ' SLaw) is a bureaucratic or bureaucratic phenomenon of a nickname, used to explain the various forms of officialdom.

2. Definition: Parkinson's Law is a concept in time management.

Parkinson's law shows that as long as there is time, the work expands until it runs out of time. In other words: work will always be dragged to the last minute before it is finished. Parkinson's law is also called student syndrome.

Halo effect

1. Definition:

Halo effect (English the Halo Effect), also known as "halo effect", belongs to the category of psychology, the halo effect refers to people's cognitive judgment of others is based on the personal likes and dislikes, and then from this judgment deduced from the cognitive object of other quality phenomena. If the cognitive object is marked as "good", he will be enveloped by a "good" aperture and given all good qualities, and if the cognitive object is marked as "bad", he will be shrouded in a "bad" aperture, and all his qualities will be considered bad. In short: Hill, a poor difference.

2. Revelation:
In the learning life process, in order to avoid the halo effect affects others to oneself or oneself to the understanding of others, should pay attention to the following points.
(1) Do not evaluate new colleagues prematurely, try to interact with them in many ways as much as possible, and promote deeper understanding between them.

(2) Pay attention to whether or not they have a holistic view of others, especially those who have outstanding advantages or disadvantages.
(3) When dealing with others, do not care too much about how others evaluate themselves, believe that they will be recognized and understood by others.

(4) Pay attention to do their best to do every little thing, especially to pay attention to the treatment may be to their own image to cause a greater impact on things.

(5) to dare to show themselves, so that more people understand their strengths and strengths, at the same time, as far as possible to let others understand their shortcomings.

Brooks Law

1. Definition:

Increasing the number of people for a delayed IT project will lead to more delays.

2. Origin:

Another designer of the IBM360 computer, Brooks, introduces some of the constraints of software development. Brooks Law says that any software development has a so-called "critical path". Therefore, the development of any software requires a minimum of time, it is not possible to reduce the minimum time by increasing human input.

The law of Watches

1, definition: When you have two watches, when the time is not the same, you do not know the timing.
2. Inspiration:
The watch theorem is that when a person has a watch, it is possible to know what time it is, and when he has two watches at the same time, he cannot be sure. Two watches do not tell a person more accurate time, but will let the person watching the watch lose confidence in the exact time. All you have to do is choose one of the more trusted, try to calibrate it and use it as your standard and follow its lead. Remember Nietzsche's words: "Brother, if you're lucky, you just have to have a moral rather than a too much, so it's easier for you to cross the bridge." ”
If everyone "chooses what you love and loves what you choose", no matter what the success or failure can be. However, many people are troubled: they are "two watches" confused, psychosomatic exhausting, do not know which one to believe. There are people in the environment, the pressure of others, against the choice of their own do not like the road, for this and life, even if the achievement of the attention of the achievements, but also realize the happiness of success.
The watch theorem gives us a very intuitive inspiration in the management of the enterprise, that is, the management of the same person or the same organization can not adopt two different methods at the same time, can not set two different goals. Even a person cannot be commanded by two people at the same time, otherwise the enterprise or this person will be at a loss. Another implication of the Watch theorem is that everyone cannot pick two different values at the same time, otherwise your behavior will be confused.

PMP Exam six laws of management