Practical application of IPv6 routers in 3G Mobile Communication Systems

With the development of the routing industry, IPv6 routers are also widely used. So I have studied the practical application of IPv6 routers in the 3G mobile communication system. Here I will share with you, I hope it will be useful to you. Due to the rapid development of Internet and Internet applications in recent years, the number of people using networks and computers that are new to the Internet has rapidly increased.

Currently, the 32-bit IPv4 address structure on the Internet is facing a serious address shortage. The popularity of the global broadband access mode and the sharp increase in the number of broadband Internet users have changed the way people used dial-up Internet access in the past. The increasing number of online user terminal devices increases the consumption of IPv4 addresses.

In addition, the global development of WLAN, 2.5, and 3G wireless mobile data networks accelerates the formation of Internet-centric communication models, the growth of mobile communication users is much faster than that of fixed network users, especially the rapid development of various mobile terminals with network functions, considering the need for personal multimedia communication in any form and in any place and anytime, the existing IPv4 address cannot meet the requirements of the network market for address space, end-to-end IP connection, service quality, network security, and mobile performance.

IPv6 router in 3G Mobile Communication System Architecture

Wireless communication is the most flexible access method for communication networks. The convergence of the router technology in the data communication industry and the wireless communication industry is the key to achieving "Any to Any" communication. The development of the Internet and Data Communication Industry accelerates the evolution of the wireless communication industry, so that the wireless communication industry can better meet the rapid growth of data services (mainly IP services) in technology. The third-generation mobile communication system 3G will start the Internet era of mobile communication. Whether it is the UMTS of 3GPP or the CDMA 2000 System of PP2, their system architecture will evolve and develop towards a full IP address. The bearer of voice, data, multimedia, and other business forms is IP-based; the end-to-end business call model is IP-based; the core network switching and call control of RAN and CN are also IP-based. In the 3G/B3G system planning, the direction of the 3GPP and PP2 specifications determines that the IPv6 router is the development direction of the 3G/B3G network bearer and business applications. In the 3G/B3G IMS phase, the network system includes the grouping domain and the electrical path domain) will be fully based on or compatible with the IPv6 router.

It is often confusing to understand IPv6 routers in the 3GPP/PP2 system because IPv6 is at two different layers. The first is the data bearer layer. Here, the user data traffic flows through the carrier PLMN from MS to PDN. The other is the transmission bearer layer, which is different from the data bearer layer. Generally, IPv6 routers appear in the four regions of the 3GPP/PP2 standard. 2 shows two in the user data bearer layer, and two in the transmission bearer layer.

One thing to clarify is that the "IP bearer service" describes the user data service bearer plane in PLMN, not the transport bearer plane. For a better understanding of the data bearing plane and transmission bearing plane, see Figure 3. We can see that there are two different IP layers in the figure. Orange includes the green color used by IMS) and the IP layer that carries user data. It is the network layer used to transmit UDP or TCP between UE and application. In addition, in PLMN, there is another IP protocol stack in the carrier's network. However, it belongs to another layer, that is, the transport bearer layer.

IPv6 at the data bearer Layer

The data bearer layer ranges from MS to MS. The network providing services is called PDN in the 3G standard. It may be another MS in the end-to-end call model. At the user's data bearer level, IMSIP Multimedia Subsystem, the green part in figure 2) and IPv6 are very important because the 3GPP standard requires IMS to use IPv6 and establish its uniqueness. Please note that for the sake of integration of the two systems, PP2 adopts the same IMS protocol mode. IMS IPv6 router data streams flow from MS to PDN and enter the IM subdomain of the mobile operator. IMS uses SIP as the control plane to control user data. User data flows to the Intranet, Internet, ASP, or WASP that provides the SIP application. This is exactly what the green arrow shows in figure 2 and 3. Starting from the MS supporting dual-stack IPv4 and IPv6), all network elements in the connection IMS call process in the 3G system must support IPv6. Including the network addresses of the MS, group gateway, Pi network side that support double stack, and CSCF of the SIP control plane, users who are involved in MS IPv6 Address Allocation, simple IP address, and mobile IP service PPP sessions converge on PDSN routing, FA and HA pipelines, and ha coa Address binding table updates. This means that in the implementation of IMS, using IPv6 routers as the core network, including grouping and circuit domains, will be the best choice. at the same time, the implementation of QoS Technology in IPv6 router networks meets the requirements of different service levels and traffic models, fully guarantees the quality of service for 3G network mobile terminals of different levels of business applications, different SLA requirements to achieve end-to-end in the same management domain. Before the official commercialization of 3G, there will be different stages, such as the integration, testing, and deployment of devices from different manufacturers. The most prominent problem at this stage is the difference between IETF and 3GPP/PP2 SIP network elements, and the interconnectivity between IMS and SIP devices that use IPv4 externally.

Transmission bearer layer IPv6

There are two important aspects to consider in the transmission bearer layer. According to 3GPP/PP2 terms, the Core Network CN: Core Network) and Wireless Access Network RAN: Radio Access Network), both of which can or should use IPv6. The transport bearer layer exists in the bearer layer of the RAN network, the R-P/Gn interface, and the 3g cn network layer such as Gp Interface), IPv6 appears as an option.

The transmission bearer layer in cn and RAN is not determined by any data forwarding on the user interface. Some IP header-based forwarding judgments are started only at the PDSN/GGSN. More intelligent routing processes occur after the Gi interface of GGSN and the Pi interface of PDSN. Between MS and PDSN/GGSN, the IP layer of the application is transmitted through the tunnel. In the UMTS system of 3GPP, CN transmission uses the Tunnel Protocol GTPGPRS Tunnel Protocol) to support connection between MS and GGSN. In. You can use IPv4 or IPv6. As we have mentioned earlier, the transport plane IP here is the guid IP layer.) The version is completely independent of the Data bearer plane. From MS to PDSN/GGSN through the uplink, or from GGSN to MS through the downlink. When an IP packet is shipped from MS to PDSN/GGSN, its IP routing and forwarding will actually begin.

3G-oriented IPV6 core network solution

IPv6 is a basic requirement for the future development of 3G system networks. It has a large address space, which can accommodate the development of mobile networks and a large number of "peer-to-peer" and "any-to-any" communications. IMS also adopts IPv6 technology based on the above reasons. There are many ways to integrate the IPv6 router service on the carrier's core Backbone Network: IPv6 private network, Dual Stack IPv4-IPv6 router backbone network, or the existing MPLS backbone network can be run on multiple different data link layers. If IPv6 data traffic and generated business income meet the required investment and risks agreed by both parties, users can deploy these solutions on the backbone network. We need a way to build a reliable IP core network in a commercial environment to serve the current technical requirements such as GPRS) and carry IPv6. This is the basic requirement for tools to solve IPv4-to-IPv6 transition and coexistence issues. To meet the different requirements of various services, the network needs to provide a series of reliability and scalability capabilities. MPLS is a key part of the IP core network design.

Cisco 6PE Solution

6PE provides IPv4 and IPv6 routers with MPLS backbone networks with the same capabilities, elasticity, and scalability: fast Forwarding, traffic engineering with fast re-routing, VPN, and DiffServ that does not affect core network performance. All IPv6 functions are processed at the edge of the network to achieve smooth traffic injection of IPv6 routers. 6PE avoids the commercial risks arising from the inability to support IPv6 routers, and also avoids the risks arising from modifying the current core network. For the data bearer plane GPRS and IMS), PDN routes IPv6 data traffic to the APN and the communication peer. PDN can be a unique network, such as the PDN of a mobile operator, or a series of networks from a mobile operator to an application provider. IPv4 and IPv6 can use the same MPLS feature. In any case, the PE device is responsible for IP address data routing, and the core network is only responsible for data forwarding. We have demonstrated how MPLS networks support mobile wireless IP transmission between terminal devices. Figure 5 summarizes the PDN.

6PE is a solution that is easy to deploy. It can quickly implement IPv6. When MPLS 6PE is used, no IPv6 traffic will affect other traffic in the unified trunk network. Application services will not be affected by the introduction of IPv6. The IPv6 service is flexibly introduced from the edge of the network in a scalable way. It does not require any IPv6 addressing restrictions or risk stable and controllable IPv4 backbone networks. Cisco is cooperating with the IETF organization to ensure the smooth development of the corresponding standardization work. Specifically, the Cisco 6PE solution conforms to the latest version of the standard draft issued by IETF for "Connecting IPv6 domains that span multiple IPv4 clouds using BGP" [IPv6_BGP.

Pure IPv6 MPLS core network solution

Another way is to use an IPv6 MPLS core router to build a new pure IPv6 Router network, or to completely upgrade the existing MPLS backbone network's P and PE routers, the dual control interface is provided for IPv4 and IPv6, and the core IGP and label distribution protocols need to be upgraded. The Cisco IPv6 network solution meets the network evolution requirements of 3G in different stages. We can divide the 3G system evolution network into two major steps: the evolution of the traditional mobile circuit domain to the entire IP address and the evolution of the entire system to the IMS. In the first phase, Cisco's IPv6 solution can provide reliable assurance for the overall requirements of IP-based circuit domains. In the IMS system evolution phase, make full use of Cisco's IPv6 network to provide efficient bearer services and service optimization for the networks and services of the 3G system.