Programmer's cultivation of thinking-from novice to expert (2)

Previous:ProgramCultivation of members' thinking-from newbie to expert (1) Two important concepts.

1. Experience. It is not just what I have done, how many times, how many years, but more importantly, a change in thinking has taken place in the Process of repetition. To put it bluntly, we are constantly thinking, learning, and improving in the process of doing so. Otherwise, we will only repeat n times without peer-to-peer experience. -- This problem is often encountered during interviews all the time. Many tester who claim to have 4 years of experience actually repeat a lot of work, and experience can only be equivalent to 2 years.
2. Situation. It is an important indicator to distinguish between beginners and experts of different levels. To put it bluntly, it is a person's understanding of the problems to be solved. This is not very quantitative. It involves the question of "How do you know whether it is accurate?", the so-called "Decision Making Mistakes", and so on. The author's opinion is that "new users are usually optimistic and fearless, while experts are more cautious ".

Now, let's talk about the process from being small to being powerful. During the discussion, we need to repeat the concepts of "experience" and "situation.
Note: beginners and experts are not absolute. You can be an expert in one field, and a newbie in another field.

1. Newbie: no experience in the problems to be handled.

• As a newbie, the biggest expectation is that there is a list that will allow him to smooth things as he does, rather than giving him some suggestions for him to try on his own-sad opinion estimation, he will become angry, miserable, and may give up at any time because he cannot understand the complex concept system and is frustrated. So the best way to treat new users is the previous one.
• When a newbie holds a list, it performs like an expert, because you may find that his ideas are organized and reliable-a typical example is the call center agent, typical if... else... else... else... then... end Mode
• The biggest feature of a newbie is Unable to handle any exceptions/exceptions, Even if it is slightly different from the list-of course, it is also a little brave to go about it.
• Experts can write a perfect list for new users to dress up as experts. However, if experts use this list to work on their own, it may not be as good as the experts that the new users dress up. This is really a detour.
• In the company, the Common newbie is fresh graduates/interns.

2. Advanced beginners

• The biggest difference between a newbie and a newbie is that you have some experience (note the definition of "experience" before ), and began to try to solve some local and specific problems independently through learning, but it is usually based on the gourd painting, the painting is a little difficult, and may not be like.
• Senior beginners start to have some fragmented knowledge and experience, but lack a systematic and structured understanding of the problems to be solved.
• For example, a tester can independently build the environment, execute the test case, and submit bugs with the help of the document. The most important thing is thatStart to be able to solve technical exceptions with GoogleOr, a beginner developer can use Google or API to learn how to write some short-lived functions.Code.
• In the company, we usually call senior beginners as junior engineers.

3. Winner: the backbone of the team

• The winner has mastered a complete set of work ideas/methods and can solve different problems in the same field. For example, a test engineer can understand the needs of different systems and design test cases based on the case design method. At the same time, he can communicate with different project teams, complete various project tests. It is quick to learn from different business fields.
• The winner has mastered multiple methods to solve similar problems and has the ability to distinguish which method is more suitable currently.
• The winner has the ability to work independently, while the new and advanced beginners usually need the supervision and help of the winner.
• In a company, the winner is usually an intermediate engineer.

4. Excellent users

• Compared with the winner, the excellent person is able to "know the truth, know the truth", not just according to the current situation (referring to the definition of the situation ), more capable of thinking about how to improve the original solution/method to solve problems more efficiently-this is based on its structured and systematic understanding and thinking of technology, business, and process.
• Excellent users can understand some abstract information and even absorb some new things from it-but it is not necessary to start an experiment to propose a new abstract model/model.
• For excellent users, specific technologies/tools are no longer an obstacle for them to complete their work.
• Low tolerance for new and advanced beginners.

5. Experts

• No longer subject to any rules/guidelines. It seems that they do not need to think about solving problems in their own fields, as shown inPreviousAs mentioned in, experts use "intuition ". After a large number of repeated practices, summaries, and thoughts/meditation over a long period of time, things that have entered the subconscious level have been developed from the consciousness level.
• Experts can sort their own solutions/models into a list/guide,Knowing that all the details and exceptions cannot be includedAnd these details and exceptions are the most important part of the situation.The accumulation of changes in various details is enough to make one thing another, and experts can always handle it with ease. In addition, because experts are well aware of all this, they will be cautious about the problem in his inactive heart. In contrast, new users or senior beginners have a blind optimism.
• If you want experts to work with their own list/Guide, they will not be able to display their talents, or even behave like a senior newbie. Therefore, experts should not ask him to work as others do.
• If you have ever seen a true Taiji guru, you will be able to see what it is called "going through the cloud". Everything seems calm, and this is what experts give people the feeling-they can be perfect, he cannot feel that he is dealing with problems that the winner cannot understand.
• It is said that only 1%-5% of the people can become experts, so it seems that you do not have to force yourself to become an expert. It is also good to be an excellent expert.

After discussing the process from beginner to expert, let's talk about other interesting things early on.

2. Experts should try to write a guide for new and advanced beginners, and provide training and guidance for the winners and excellent beginners, but do not directly train new and advanced beginners.
4. Skilled people cannot accept new and advanced beginners, so it is best to help the winner to do things better.
6. The winner is the best candidate to train and guide new and advanced beginners. However, without the guidance and help of excellent people and experts, it would be a very painful and long process for the winner to break through.
8. New users need to be "driven". Don't get it wrong. They need to quickly complete the task and gain a sense of accomplishment with clear guidance. Otherwise, they will be easily defeated by setbacks.
10. A senior newbie needs more encouragement and practice to help him understand his current job correctly and grow into a winner as soon as possible.
12. A reasonable human structure is not a pyramid structure, and there are not too many new players and experts in the team. According to statistics, this is probably the case (there is only a legend in the book, and I probably estimated it): 40% of senior beginners, 30% of winners, 10% of excellent users, 15% of new users, and 5% of experts.
14. However, if you are an agile team, you should not be a beginner or a beginner, because agile is filled with a variety of "Oracle" and "Experiences ".It will rely heavily on excellent people and experts to interpret and operate.
16. Coordinator and expert have the same value in pushing forward the team.

It's interesting, but it's boring.
In fact, the biggest difference between people as a creature and other creatures (or between people) lies in "cognitive ability ". Cognitive ability is the foundation of all abilities, including self cognition and understanding of external things (including "Others" and the so-called "objective laws; the output results of cognitive processes may not be "correct" or "Incorrect", but may be "relatively accurate" or "relatively inaccurate"-the more infinitely close to "objective ", decisions and Actions Based on this cognitive result are more reliable. For example, should I avoid a problem or should I handle it? Should I give up or continue to think about a problem that I don't understand over and over again? In the face of a quarrel, should I take a step back or fight for it? Should I continue to pursue my own ideals in an unsatisfactory environment? -- Or is there a third option for each of the above questions?

The foundation of modern western science and management is also based on "How to turn cognitive processes and cognitive capabilities into specific steps of methodology and operation ", as a result, the knowledge, principles, and methodologies of various industries have been further developed, so that people can quickly learn and reuse the accumulation of their predecessors without having to start from scratch, because of these foundations, Western science continues to make progress and eventually forms a vast knowledge system that we can reach out to the world.
However, this system is still somewhat limited in the end, that is, it is more suitable for various "Discoveries" and "Inventions" in the field of natural science, as well as the "accumulation" of social science, it makes the self-improvement of the knowledge system easier, and makes it easier for humans to acquire knowledge, but specific to a human individual, the Learning, understanding, understanding, and use of all these knowledge must start from scratch. The key here is the so-called"Meta-cognition", that is, "self-cognition.For example, you may have inherited the extroverted personality of your parents and participated in training similar to how to communicate with others. However, you still need to constantly explore and improve your abilities to communicate with others; however, your investment experience in Peter Lynch cannot become a zombie. To be specific, if you are suitable for technology or management, you must have a correct understanding of your own capabilities. This is like cloning a clone. you can clone a person with an IQ similar to yours, but you cannot clone experience, emotion, or understanding. The process of human cognition is even more complicated than this. No one can teach and pass on such things to you. For everyone, they can only start from scratch.
Perhaps this is the only "fairness" in human society ".
(To be continued)