PXE and kiskstart for Automatic Installation

PXE(Preboot execute environment, pre-start execution environment) is a technology developed by Intel. It works in the client/server network mode and supports workstation downloading images from remote servers over the network, it also allows you to start an operating system (diskless workstation) over a network.

PXE operating conditions:

• Client

  • Hardware support: the network adapter or motherboard can communicate with pxeserver only when it is integrated with pxeclient.

• Server

  • DHCP service: Since network communication IP addresses are essential

  • TFTP (Trivial FTP) or MFTP (Multicast TFTP) service. Simple FTP service provides pxelinux.0, vmlinux, and initrd files required for PXE startup.

  • DNS service, which is sometimes used. Optional.

  • FTP/HTTP/nfs output system installation tree, software Repository

    
    

Operation demonstration

# Step 1: Install DHCP [[email protected] ~] # Yum install-y DHCP # copy a configuration file example to save trouble before modifying it [[email protected] ~] # Cp/usr/share/doc/dhcp-4.1.1/DHCPD. conf. Sample/etc/DHCP/DHCPD. conf CP: overwrite '/etc/DHCP/DHCPD. conf '? Y [[email protected] ~] # Vim/etc/DHCP/DHCPD. conf option domain-name "bob.org"; # domain name suffix option domain-name-servers 172.16.100.2; # default DNS-lease-time 43200; # IP address lease max-lease-time 86400; # maximum lease time log-facility local7; # log file # a subnet defines an IP address pool subnet 172.16.100.0 netmask 255.255.0.0 {range 172.16.100.100 172.16.100.200; Option routers 172.16.100.2; next-server 172.16.100.11; # specify the TFTP server address filename = "pxelinux.0"; # specify P The xlinux.0 file address must be enclosed in double quotation marks. The address is relative to the root directory of the TFTP service.} # Install TFTP and syslinux, when syslinux is installed, syslinux-nonlinux and mtools #(pxelinux.0 is provided by syslinux-nonlinux) [[email protected] ~] # Yum install TFTP-server syslinux-y [[email protected] ~] # Rpm-ql tftp-server/etc/xinetd. d/TFTP # TFTP service script, which is a service managed by xinet/usr/sbin/in. tftpd/usr/share/doc/tftp-server-0.49/usr/share/doc/tftp-server-0.49/changes/usr/share/doc/tftp-server-0.49/readme/usr/share/doc/tftp-server-0.49/readme. security/usr/share/doc/tftp-server-0.49/readme. security. tftpboot/usr/share/man/man8/in.tftpd.8.gz/usr/share/man/man8/tftpd.8.gz/var/lib/tftpboot # the root directory of the TFTP service # You Can See That pxlinux.0 is composed [Email protected] ~] provided by syslinux-nonlinux # Rpm-QL syslinux-nonlinux | grep pxelinux.0/usr/share/syslinux/gpxelinux.0/usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 # copy pxelinux.0 to the TFTP service directory, because the DHCP configuration specifies the root directory [[email protected] ~] # Cp/usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0/var/lib/tftpboot/# For convenience, directly mount the disc to the FTP directory [[email protected] ~] # Mount-r/dev/CDROM/var/FTP/pub/centos/# provide vmlinuz and initrd. IMG [[email protected] ~] For TFTP # Cp/var/FTP/pub/centos/images/pxeboot/{vmlinuz, initrd. IMG}/var/lib/tftpboot/[[email protected] ~] # Cd/var/lib/tftpboot/[[email protected] tftpboot] # lsinitrd. IMG pxelinux.0 vmlinuz # The default menu configuration file of TFTP is placed in pxelinux. # Under CFG/default is equivalent to isolinux/isolinux under the CD. cfg. copy the file and modify it. [[email protected] tftpboot] # mkdir pxelinux. CFG # For the installation program and boot.msg in the tftpdirectory, the background image splash.jpg # vesamenu. c32 is a menu program, which can be copied from the disc. The syslinx-nonlinux package is also provided, under/usr/share/syslinux/[[email protected] tftpboot] # cp/var/FTP/pub/centos/isolinux/{boo T.msg,splash.jpg, vesamenu. c32 }. /[[email protected] tftpboot] # lsboot. MSG initrd. IMG isolinux. CFG pxelinux.0 splash.jpg vesamenu. c32 vmlinuz [[email protected] tftpboot] # cp/var/FTP/pub/centos/isolinux. CFG pxelinux. CFG/default # modify the default file [[email protected] tftpboot] # Vim pxelinux. CFG/default vesamenu. c32 # prompt 1 timeout 600 display boot. msgmenu background splash.jpg menu title Welcome to centos 6.4 via PXE! Menu color border 0 # ffffffff #00000000 menu color sel 7 # ffffffff # ff000000menu Color title 0 # ffffffff #00000000 menu color tabmsg 0 # ffffffff #00000000 menu color unsel 0 # ffffffff #00000000 menu color hotsel 0 # ff000000 # ffffffffmenu color hotkey 7 # ffffffff # ff000000menu color scrollbar 0 # ffffffff #00000000 label Linux menu label ^ install or upgrade an existing system menu default kernel vmlinuz Ppend initrd = initrd. IMG Ks = ftp: // 172.16.100.11/pub/KS. cfglabel rescue menu lalbe ^ rescue kernel vmlinuz append initrd = initrd. IMG rescue # TFTP is a xinet-managed service that works on port 69/udp to start TFTP and DHCP services [[email protected] ~] # Chkconfig TFTP on [[email protected] ~] # Service xinetd restartstopping xinetd: [OK] Starting xinetd: [OK] [[email protected] ~] # Service DHCPD startstarting DHCPD: [OK] [[email protected] ~] # Netstat-UNLP | grep 67udp 0 0 0.0.0.0: 67 0.0.0.0: * 15641/DHCPD [[email protected] ~] # Netstat-UNLP | grep 69udp 0 0.0.0.0: 69 0.0.0.0: * 16097/xinetd

# Check whether TFTP works normally. TFTP does not have the LS command [[email protected] ~] # TFTP 172.16.100.11tftp> helptftp-HPA 0.49 commands may be abbreviated. commands are: connect to remote tftpmode set file transfer modeput send fileget receive filequit exit tftpverbose toggle verbose modetrace toggle packet tracingliteral toggle literal mode, norige ': 'In file namestatus show current statusbinary set mode to octetascii set mode to netasciirexmt set per-packet transmission Timeouttimeout set total Retransmission timeout? Print help informationhelp print help information # enable verbose redundancy mode to show more details. TFTP> verboseverbose mode on. # If the get file succeeds, TFTP works normally. TFTP> Get pxelinux?getting from 172.16.100.11: pxelinux.0 to pxelinux.0 [netascii] received 26981 bytes in 0.0 seconds [72143767 bit/s]

Installation Process:

This interface will pop up. If you want to see it, stop TFTP and you will see it.

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Installed successfully

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PXE and kiskstart for Automatic Installation