"A week of reading" philosopher, what have you done?

Book: What the Philosophers have done

Before reading this book, My impression of philosophy was this:

Does philosophy seem to have a relationship with religion? Seems to solve the problem of human mental distress? Philosophy is a whole bunch of hard-to-understand and useless theories! If I had talked to my classmates about philosophy, I would have been mercilessly ridiculed. But does philosophy seem interesting in the eyes of the question? Oh! I'm afraid to turn a philosophical book!

See, my impression of philosophy is such a mess. Until this book crashed into my life, the author of the bag melon seeds sitting at my desk, the philosophy of all the fun, interesting, useful stories, theory in a few bags of melon seeds time to speak clearly.

Now let's talk about my harvest.

The author began by talking about the development of religion, how Christianity from a small unknown sect to a broad, far-reaching great church, is the use of the power of philosophy, from the beginning of Paul, and then many Christian missionaries to the philosophy as a missionary weapon. Using the power of philosophical speculation to refute the loopholes of opponent theory, and constantly complement the doctrine of Christianity. But philosophy and religion are fundamentally incapable of being good friends. Because philosophy stresses "doubting everything" and religion rejects thinking. A Godfather philosopher has a famous saying: "The son of God is dead, although unreasonable, but can be believed." After the burial, it was resurrected, though impossible, but surely. It is because of absurdity that I believe. " Philosophy was too fond of suspicion, and finally doubted the head of religion. So in the latter stages, Christianity carried out a series of persecution against philosophers: killing and burning books. Fortunately, philosophers have struggled to preserve Greek philosophy with their lives. Later experienced change, war, Christianity split, philosophy in the troubled times to find shelter, step by step to grow their own. Here, the author does not explicitly mention the use of philosophy, but from it to help Christianity step up the summit, has seen the usefulness of philosophy.

The latter is to talk about the development of philosophy itself, interspersed with a common sense for ordinary people to find the meaning of the dark line.

Descartes said a very famous words: "I think, I am in", unfortunately, I have understood the meaning of this sentence before, thought he said that thinking is very important, not thinking of life is worthless life. But Descartes didn't mean it at all! The bold man doubted everything as soon as he came up, but he could not doubt one thing: "That is what I am doubting". That means I'm there. From this theory, Descartes built his own philosophical building.

Then it was the philosopher's very wonderful quarrel! A philosopher, carrying a banner, climbed to the hillside and said, "Don't say anything, I already know what the truth is!" The essence of the world is this ... "he hasn't said much yet, and another philosopher climbs up and says," You're not right! The truth is this ... "and then the argument, the philosophy goes on all the way to today. The best part is the content of their debates! Some of the genius inside said words, simply let people worship!

Have you ever wondered whether we live in the code world of the "Matrix"? Many of the philosophers ' answers to this question are wonderful, and I am inclined to Hume's answer: The question is unknowable, beyond the scope of human experience. Here in Hume, experience is the impression of a person, I feel what is what, as to where this feeling comes from, is really false, I do not know. In other words, how can you ask a variable in a program to test the program? So how can we be reassured if we can't prove it? Hume replied: Do not know, do not know, it is okay, we can get the experience is the immediate life, in the absence of evidence to prove that life before the illusion, we will follow their usual experience normal life can be.

I have never doubted the power of science, how great science is, what it has done, the healing of diseases, the solution of food and clothing, and the exploration of space. Is there any religion to be done before science? But have you ever wondered what the science is going to be? Can science find truth? Scientific development to today, the most fundamental method of research is two points: inductive and deductive reasoning. For example, when scientists first observed that there were a lot of black crows, they put forward the hypothesis that "all crows are Black", and then from this hypothesis to deduce every crow found, and finally concluded that the world's crows are black. But if you think about it, you'll find it a bit strange. You say all crows are black, it is necessary to find all the Crows from all over the ages, the world every corner of the crow to find out to verify, to come to this conclusion. But you know, it can't be done at all. Then how can this science convince people? For example, if you have a garage in which you cannot touch, see, smell, hear, no influence on your fire dragon, how does science prove its existence? There's no proof.

So science is just a tool to describe the world, and Hume is right, even if you have seen the sun rise from the east countless times, it is not certain that the next time the sun will rise from the east. So, is science useless? No, it's still useful. Even if the dragon in the garage really exists, it has no value because it has no effect on your life. The biggest difference between science and superstition is that science is based on Empiricism, which is screened out on the principle of pragmatism and can be falsified. What does it mean to be falsified? For example, just now: "All crows are Black", as long as the discovery of a crow is white, it proves the theory of error. Superstition and religion are not falsified, you pray to the son of the Bodhisattva, got not necessarily the credit of the Bodhisattva, did not get to be interpreted as your heart is not sincere, so there is no falsification.

Science is better than superstition and religion, science is not overbearing, science allows questioning, anyone can use experimental data to question science, and to undergo empirical testing, effective. So science is still an important tool to guide our lives.

Science is the most important part of modern life, but science can do nothing to answer the meaning of life.

Camus said that the essence of life is absurd. We love to listen to stories, believe that a person's life is like a story beginning, there is conflict, there is a climax, there is a result. But the real life is not like this. A mother who has devoted her life to a woman has not yet enjoyed her dying words in her old age when her children are around her knees, and in a sparse ordinary morning, on the way to buy vegetables, suddenly died of illness, or at home watching TV Press the remote control of the moment of sudden death. Maybe you raised the goal of planning a new semester yesterday, and you died on the way home on the night of the robbery. Say the end of a sudden end, as if nothing has been done, what purpose is not fulfilled, then you will feel the great absurdity of life! Life has no purpose, no meaning, no story to keep you to write. The real life, the story suddenly begins, suddenly end, not necessarily have conflict, also may not have the climax and the outcome.

You ask why people live, what is the meaning of life? Why don't you just let me ask you, why don't you kill yourself right now? If you can answer it well, then the answer is the meaning of your life at this stage. Albert Camus said: "The real serious philosophical problem is only one, that is suicide." "I thought so.

But because life has no meaning, there is no standard answer, the world is more beautiful. If the answer to this question is: the meaning of life is to strive for the common happiness of mankind. Is it the people who eat potato chips all day and watch the American drama go on to get a sense of guilt? But why do you have to offend you?

　　If death is indeed the end of consciousness forever, then it means that we have lost all opportunities to explore the world. We can even say emotionally that it means that we voluntarily give up the greatest gift of the world to us, and this gift is the only one that has been abandoned.

When you stop asking what the meaning of life is, it's not necessarily because you know the answer, but because for some reason you don't need to ask that question anymore. As Camus said: "If you continue to find happiness is composed of what, then you will never find happiness." If you have been looking for the meaning of life, you will never live. ”

"A week of reading" philosopher, what have you done?