"This/Master graduate" report of the paper and the guidance of the thesis and the arrangement of writing matters

notes on opening and writing papers

Author Bai Ningsu
November 5, 2015 22:31:32

Abstract: For most undergraduate graduates or master graduates, documents and papers are the most troublesome things. If technology is mentioned, could there be is full of strength and is as excited as chicken blood. In particular, there are several technical circles of friends, on the road, the restaurant is still a technical topic. However, facing seniors, how to write papers, what kind of ideas? What kind of format? This is a test for most fresh graduates. Even if the master, in the face of the development of the second, three research and paper, will also face the same problem. I recently in the work of doing open questions, collated some good open questions and papers on the information and share with you. Note: This article is mainly to give you a reference material, in order to make students in the writing of the report to avoid detours; When the teacher to write the report of the students to write the comments and this note is not consistent, please directly according to the advice of the instructor to modify the report, do not rigidly adhere to this article. ( This article on the online data collected)

1 The guiding idea of thesis or open question

It is not easy to write a report that is fully compliant, so students must be highly valued. From the first submission part of the content to the tutor audit to open the title report all completed, generally need at least 1-2 months of time. As the Graduate school regulations ( undergraduate according to graduate standards written, excellent paper is still not a problem, of course, the premise subject has certain accuracy . ), from the formal opening to the time interval of application for defence, the students in time to leave ample room, as early as possible to start the preparation of materials, early ideas .

Write a report, you must not rush the pen, first of all to clarify the idea . The idea is not clear, open the report is not easy to write well. The following questions will help you clarify your ideas. If you can answer these questions well, then the overall structure of your open-title report is clear, and it is not difficult to write a report. If there are some problems you can not answer or have questions, please be sure to think about and find relevant information, answer these questions. It is only when you have the answers to the following questions that you will be able to write a report that is more consistent with your requirements. Otherwise, your Open title report is in all likelihood not to pass the tutor's review. The following ideas are available for reference:

2. What is the name of your research project? Why do you study this subject? ( based on the topic )
4. Where does your project come from? Is there any special background to the issue? (Subject Source)
6. What is your main research goal? Which sub-goals do you need to achieve in order to achieve your overall goals?
8. What kind of results can you get from your research? What kind of engineering application value can this result produce?
10. What do you want to do in-depth research to achieve the sub-goals you have listed? What role can these studies play in achieving the goals that have been identified? ( research content )
12. What are the key technologies to be mastered and used in order to complete your research objectives? What are some of the key technologies that can solve the problems and functions of your research? ( key Technology )
14. What is the broad category of research that you focus on? What kind of research does it belong to in this big category? The core of the research is what kind of object to study and what kind of problem to solve? ( Research Direction )
16. What kind of overall plan have you developed to complete your main research goals? Can your overall plan be described in the form of a system chart? (most important)
18. What are the main tasks you must complete to complete your overall plan? (Very important)
20. Can your overall plan be subdivided into several major parts (submodules)? What role can these sub-modules of the overall scheme play? Important
22. Can you subdivide the sub-modules themselves, whether it is also possible to use the system structure diagram/Flowchart/logic diagram, such as block diagram of the way to explain? Important
24. What are some of the key issues that you need to solve in the sub-modules that you subdivide? Important
26. What are you going to do to solve these key problems in these sub-modules? (Very important)
28. Do you have any technical obstacles in solving the problem? If there are some obstacles, do you have any way to overcome these obstacles? Can you give a description separately? Important
30. In the past your own study, research, practice and other work, which is directly or indirectly related to the study of this topic? ( these can be used as the basis for your research on this topic. )
32. What are the subjective and objective conditions that are beneficial to this research work? What measures are you going to take to ensure the successful completion of this research work? (Feasibility analysis)
34. What are the areas that need to be addressed in order to achieve the goals of your own project, which methods, systems, tools, and technologies are used? What are the current research status and development trends of these areas and the methods, systems, tools and technologies at home and abroad?
36. Are there other methods, systems, tools, and technologies that can be used to achieve the goals of your project, in addition to the methods, systems, tools, and technologies you choose? Have you studied them in depth? Have you done any analysis or comparison? What are their strengths and weaknesses?

2 quickly and accurately write recommendations

To achieve better writing results and save time and speed, we recommend that you write a report in the following order :

1, write the first and second part;

2, write the fifth part;

3. Write the research direction and implementation plan of Part VI;

4, the preparation of Part IV and the sixth part of the feasibility analysis;

5. Finally, write the third part.

Once each of the above steps is completed, send it to your tutor to review it, and then proceed to the next step. Timely communication allows students to quickly correct their shortcomings, avoid the accumulation of errors, and can make the report more consistent with the norms. Be sure to communicate with your tutor frequently during the writing of the opening report . This will enable students in a relatively short period of time to strengthen their analysis and writing ability, the level of students to improve is very advantageous. do not have to be afraid to disturb the teacher's concern , instruct the students to open the title report and the degree thesis is the tutor's job is part of the matter, teachers are willing to communicate with the students more. Regular communication can actually reduce the amount of work that a tutor modifies, or a lot of mistakes accumulate, and the instructor will be difficult to revise. The teachers are most worried about the students who have not communicated for a long time. In addition, because the students are generally the first to write such a report, lack of experience in this area, it is inevitable that this or that kind of shortcomings, so students must not be too confident, completely do not discuss with the instructor in one breath to finish the report, because such reports are often wrong, modified to waste the tutor's time, and wasting your time with your classmates.

When writing a title report ( and writing a dissertation and other reports in the future), Be sure to take a top-down approach and develop good writing habits that will also bring great benefits to your future work. Each section must be written with an outline, especially the third and sixth part of the implementation plan . When you write, think about it and divide the content into sections, each of which gives you a title that summarizes the content of this section. After the title is listed, you should think carefully and deeply to see if there is anything missing. After confirming that there is no omission, a further subdivision of each part is provided, listing the more specific subheadings in the section.

Each part of the small headings are all listed, that is, the framework of the part is fully set up, the framework structure is sent to the instructor, ask them to make some suggestions on the content of the framework, after the guidance of the tutor to improve the framework structure, and then fill in the relevant parts of the content. Do not rush to grab a pen to write, it will be due to the failure to consider the contents of the report to rework (in the past, many of these cases), less, less waste.

It should be noted that all the languages in the report should use scientific, rigorous, clear, and sound written language, not colloquial expression, and do not use absolute, exaggerated, vague, inaccurate expression, without prejudice to the accuracy of the premise, the expression should be as simple as possible. Writing also pay attention to the smoothness of the statement, each paragraph to form a layer of progressive relationship, must be logical, and try not to repeat; Paragraph and paragraph should pay attention to each other's organic relations and connecting links, adjacent to the two paragraph do not let the reader seem irrelevant, Give people an abrupt feeling (in the past many of the problem-solving reports In this regard are more or less problematic). When writing a report, you can also refer to our "small paper writing requirements", many of which are interlinked with the writing of the report. In addition, in addition to the title in the format of the report, the content of their own writing is best used in 5th font, in order to save paper printing and the future to write the requirements of the dissertation consistent. the following is a description of each part of the writing should be noted.

3 The source of the subject, the basis of the topic, the purpose of research, engineering application value part

the source of the topic only brief introduction, if there is a special background can be slightly explained, generally not more than 100 words. The basis of the topic, that is, to write the reasons for the study, it must point out the necessity or importance of research. When writing the subject of the topic, you can start with a relatively brief overview (about 200 words) about the background of your research topic, and then draw the topic to the question that you are studying, and explain the necessity or importance of solving such problems (about 200 words). Finally, write "so we need to ...." Conduct research. Words like that. " In addition, the writing should pay attention to brevity, the relevant long-winded content in the third part. the first part of the most important is the subject of research purposes here, we need to outline the objectives of the study to achieve (about 100 words, including total goals and sub-goals). It is possible to summarize the objectives of the study and the general goals of the study. Engineering application Value part of the word is not limited, the content is long and short, but the writing must be the project can bring the value of engineering application, do not put the value of the application of other people's achievements is also the application value of this topic research.

4 Chinese and foreign literature and Materials reading list section

This part of the filling point is to be standardized, and the grade of the reference document can not be too low, textbooks should not be more than 3 . The title of the document refers to the title of the article or the title of the book instead of the paper or journal name, and the author's name is written on the left side with brackets . The publication name, the paper name, the periodical name and the periodical Volume (vol.) period (No.) are written on the right . In addition, to write the beginning and end of the document page, the publication Age (such as: Computer Engineering and application, phase 7, pp 64-85,2006). in English first, after Chinese, and then in descending order of publication Age (there are also papers by reference order or alphabetical order of the author's name). The canonical wording of the source part is as follows: The periodical title of the document, the volume number (some periodicals may not have the volume number), the period number, the beginning and end page number, the publication time of the sequence written; Books are written in the order of the publisher's name, the starting and ending page of the quoted part, and the publication age. Because the literature on the World Wide Web is not permanent, and some of the literatures are not authoritative, the online literature should be quoted as few as possible. Also note that when the bibliography is given, all references in the Open title report will only be written in the literature number instead of the full name of the document .

5 Literature review: Domestic and foreign research status, development dynamic part

This part of the general content, writing must pay attention to focus on their own research content to unfold, do not relate to this topic is not too close to write a lot of content, especially in order to make up the word to the Internet or other places large space to copy other people's Materials . For the areas involved, we must thoroughly understand, in full grasp the field of methods, technology and so on, self-analysis, induction, organization, in their own language to express their views. No matter what the reason, plagiarism of other people's work can not be forgiven. When writing this section, first determine the content related to their own research, and then according to the aforementioned Top-down way will be prepared to write the content of the block, listing the title of each section and the small headings in each section, after the guidance of teachers to review, and then systematically discussed with these content related to domestic and foreign research status and development trends. It should also be noted that the focus here is mainly in the current relevant methods, technology and other elements of the comparison between these content to be written in the form of a review, not to write the work of the system I use the technical details (these content in the future degree paper may be needed).

In general, after the subject is determined, he will choose some methods, techniques, means, tools, etc. to complete the subject. The reason they are chosen must be that they have some performance advantages in their own right. Therefore, in writing this part, to do the relevant investigation and research, to complete the sub-topics of other (not their own chosen) methods, techniques, means, tools for macro discussion (at least 500 words), To illustrate their main work ideas and point out their pros and cons (they are definitely not suitable for solving this problem, they will be chosen by you) so that the reader can compare and realize the correctness of your choice.

Compared to the previous comparison of macro-discussion, for their choice of methods, techniques, means, tools, and so on a more detailed level of the discussion, about 500-800 words (slightly more also does not matter). To make the reader feel that you are not in the field of research is not enough to work, but the subject area of the study of the current situation has been mastered more thoroughly, and your choice is very reasonable, other choices can not be replaced. In addition, in the third part of the final , There should be a summary of the exposition .

6 Basic part of research

This section is relatively simple. All of the work that has been done in the past (including the preparation of the relevant literature and the pre-research section) can be written around your own research subject, so that you have a better foundation for your research and therefore have the ability to accomplish the task that you are proposing.

This part should be noted that the written material to be organized, from simple to complex, step by step, written to be organized. In addition, the objective favorable conditions for this research work should not be written here, to be written into the sixth part of the feasibility analysis.

7 main contents and key technical parts

This part of the writing to pay attention to the third part of the Echo, the two parts of the content do not repeat. In the third part, we should write about the present research status and development trends of this study, which is more macroscopic than the ones written here. before writing this section, first of all, we must condensed the idea, determine their own research content. Generally speaking, the content of the study is summarized as 3-5 or so of the sub-part is relatively moderate (not absolute, according to the specific situation of the subject to determine the division of its sub-blocks). Write this section should pay attention to simple, clear, do not long-winded, do not beat around the bush, must make the reader at a glance can see your main research content core and the institute involved in the core of the key technology. Around these two cores, can be properly elaborated, but not too long to make people no avail, generally not more than 500 words. The main goal of this section is to make the reader feel that you have mastered all the key technologies needed to complete the project.

8 Research direction, implementation plan and Feasibility analysis Section

This part, especially the implementation of the project is the core of the whole report, is to determine whether you can continue to study the subject of the most important basis. Therefore, when writing attention must be written specifically, its length should be six parts of the largest, to 4 pages above, and can no longer have any generalities, floating on the surface of things.

first of all, this topic belongs to the research direction (should be relatively macro), and do not exceed 100 words to the point of the brief, that is to say that this topic needs to focus on what kind of research is a major category (such as: Enterprise information, web technology applications, etc.), content than the fifth part of a relatively macroscopic. Secondly, according to the analysis of the third to fifth part, it puts forward the concrete plan of solving the problem, and explains how to accomplish the goal set by the project. The scheme should be written according to Top-down, at the same time should be accompanied by their own design of the frame diagram and flow chart. The implementation of the scheme is divided into several blocks (the number of blocks depending on the specific problem, the general 3-5 is relatively moderate), a number of blocks combined to become a whole solution. For each block of the implementation, give a specific description of the key issues that need to be addressed in this block, and what methods you are prepared to use to address these critical issues. If possible, each sub-block is best subdivided (but not too thin), outlining how these sub-modules are handled. The overall goal is to make the reader feel that the program you are proposing is well thought out and technically fully tenable, and that the implementation of the project you have given is a task that can be completed. When writing this section, be sure to follow the previous article, the framework structure is completely set up after the teacher to see, and according to the recommendations of the tutor to improve the framework structure and then write the contents of the section. in the Feasibility Analysis section, all the subjective and objective conditions beneficial to this research work can be written in it, but be careful not to repeat the contents of the fourth part. The main explanation is, why is your design and implementation ideas feasible? What can you do to overcome the technical obstacles that may arise? The overall goal is still to make the reader feel that the task of completing the project has no obstacles in the subjective and objective aspects.

9 Opening report ppt making notes (for reference)

It is very important to take part in the opening report: The completion of a good paper can be said to be equivalent to the completion of half of the dissertation; Because at this time all the implementation plans are basically designed, if the implementation of the plan is reasonable, then the following step to achieve is possible. If the implementation of the scheme is unreasonable or the subject matter is not enough, then the paper will probably not reach the standard of the dissertation, if the subject is too heavy, there will be no risk of completion. As most of the students have no experience in this area, it is difficult to grasp, so the main responsibility of the teachers to participate in the report is to help students in this respect to grasp, but also to open the students to give some constructive advice, so that the students to improve the implementation of the program as far as possible, To ensure that the work done will be able to better achieve the standard of the degree paper.

Open the title report ppt production must be around what you do or ready to do to start, focus on their own implementation plan, do not put in the research background and research status at home and abroad (but in the Open topic report in accordance with the above-mentioned writing notes carefully written good). Remember, teachers are here to listen to you about what you are going to do, not to listen to your technical reports. In addition, as a general requirement, PPT in principle can not have a large paragraph of text, a page as far as possible not more than 10 lines, a sentence is best to occupy only one line, try not to use more than two lines of space to express a sentence (otherwise it will bring the audience to read PPT inconvenience). As a last resort, use two lines as much as possible to make each row a relatively complete segment (for example, do not put the "research" word at the end of the first line, "investigate" the word on the beginning of the second line).

The production of PPT is best done according to the following requirements.

First, a page is used to describe the goal of the study (the outcome of what is expected when the study is completed, that is, what the study is going to accomplish). For the Master of Engineering, this achievement should generally be a software (or hardware/software combination) system or a relatively large subsystem or a prototype system of a product, preferably not purely theoretical research, because it is difficult to make good pure theoretical research results. Second, a page to describe the significance of the study, explaining why the study, that is, the completion of the study can bring about the effect (i.e. engineering application value). then use 1-2 pages to explain the main research content and key technology. PPT can be produced in the corresponding part of the report in the interception, refining the key points, the expression must be concise, do not beat around the bush, must make the audience to your main research content core and key technology core can be at a glance.

Next is the core content of PPT-Your implementation plan, need to use not less than 10 pages ppt of space to describe. This part is the focus of the teacher to review the report, and to follow the top-down approach to explain your plan. First of all, the system frame diagram of the system is given, which is mainly composed of the sub-parts, and the relationship between the sub-parts is explained. Each sub-section uses about 2 pages of PPT: Explain the main function of this part, prepare to use what method or means to achieve; This part of the key question, how to prepare yourself how to solve these key issues, to achieve this part of the estimate will encounter what kind of difficulties, generally prepared to use what way to overcome these difficulties.

Combining These parts together should give you a holistic solution. The narrative should be mainly from the macro point of view, to let in the direction even if not very knowledgeable people can understand your overall thinking, do not overly rigidly adhere to the small details of the problem. If this part of the narrative can make the audience feel that the implementation of your proposal is carefully considered, not too much technical problems, then this report is relatively successful open topic. In the future, according to the plan that you give to implement, will be able to better complete the task proposed by the project. The number of pages in the PPT is about 15 pages appropriate, to control in 15 minutes, to formally do the report before the best practice, to see how your time grasp. Don't print out what you're about to read, and you'll get the impression that you're not fully aware of what's in the PPT. Afraid to remember the content can be directly written to the PPT, but only as mentioned above, with a line to write, do not have a large paragraph of text.

In short, only when the implementation of the program has been basically mature and then apply for the question, and open the report and PPT must be carefully completed, after writing it must ask the tutor earnestly help to review, in order to avoid in the open the problem can not pass the situation.

"This/Master graduate" report of the paper and the guidance of the thesis and the arrangement of writing matters