Read "How to read a book" note 2015-2-13 20:55-reading needs to be active, active means to have the ability to explore, have the curiosity, the important impetus of initiative is interest. -Basic reading (elementary reading): literate, know the surface meaning of a sentence. -View reading (inspectional reading): In a certain period of time, to focus on reading, get the book How to structure, say what the answer to the question. -Analysis Reading (analytical reading): In the unlimited time to carefully taste, analysis of the full text. Francis Bacon once said: "Some books are to be tasted, some are to be eaten alive, and only a handful of books are to be chewed and digested." "Analytical reading is about chewing and digesting a book. -theme Reading (syntopical reading): Also known as comparative reading (comparative reading), is to read a lot of the same topic, the field of books, from different books to draw different points of view. Get a knowledge structure as complete as possible. -examines reading, that is, "skimming" (skim) the whole book, or someone who says rough time (Pre-read). Skimming or rough time is the first sub-level to view reading. The goal in your mind is to find that the book is worth a lot of time to read carefully. Second, even if you decide not to spend more time reading the book carefully, skimming can tell you a lot about the book. -skim the first step, look at the title, subtitle, order, etc., due to the category of this book, some other books in this category. The second step is to study the catalogue page and make a general understanding of the basic structure of the book. The third step, if the book is attached to the index, also need to review. Quickly assess the scope of the topics covered by this book, as well as the types of books and authors mentioned. If you find out which word is important, at least take a look at some of the pages that are quoted in the word. Focus on the key words that you think are important, as these topics may represent the author's views and attitudes. The fourth step is to follow the keywords or see a few paragraphs or read a few pages, so skip reading. It saves more time and is happy to have more focus, and then it is easy to find out that reading is more simple than imagined. -the first time to face a difficult to read a book, from beginning to end, read it all over again, do not understand the place do not stop to inquire or think. -know what you need to get from reading this book and you can switch between different reading speeds to save time. Every book, no matter how difficult it is to read, can be read faster in the insignificant part of the gap. And a good book, always contain some more difficult, should slowly read the content. The problem of -speed reading is in the comprehension. -you can't understand a book without reading it through analysis. Analytical reading is the basic element of a book that you want to understand (or understand). -the core of active reading: You need to ask questions when reading-in the process of reading, you have to try to answer questions yourself. The art of -reading is to ask appropriate questions in the right order. You must ask four main questions about a book. (1) Overall, this bookWhat the hell are you talking about? You must find a way to figure out the subject of the book, how the author develops the subject in turn, and how to gradually break down the key issues that are subordinate to the core theme. (2) What did the author say in detail? You must try to find out the main ideas, statements and arguments. These combinations form the special message that the author wants to convey. (3) Does this book make sense? Does it all make sense, or is it partly justified? You can't answer the question unless you can answer the first two questions. Before you can judge whether the book is justified, you must first understand what the whole book is talking about. However, by the time you get to know a book, if you read it carefully, you will feel obliged to make a judgment of the book. It is not enough to know the author's idea alone. (4) What does this book have to do with you? If the book gives you some information, you must ask what the information means. Why does the writer think it's important to know about this? Do you really need to know? If the book not only provides information, but also inspires you, it is more necessary to find other relevant, deeper meanings or suggestions to get more inspiration. You can answer these four questions when you write a book review, which is why we read the book and where he is worth. Why is it necessary for -to take notes on a book for reading? First, it will keep you awake--not just not sleeping, or very sober. Second, reading, if it is active, is a kind of thinking, and thinking tends to be expressed in words-whether it is spoken or written. If a person says he knows what he is thinking, he can't say it, usually he doesn't really know what he's thinking. Third, write down your feelings to help you remember the author's thoughts. -you finish a book, write down your personal index on the last blank page, and then go back to the blank page, try to write out the outline of the whole story, without a page or a focus (you've done it on a blank page after the book), and try to write the entire structure Lists the basic outline and the order of the text before and after. This outline is a measure of whether or not you know the book, which is different from the seal of the collection, but it shows that you are intellectually in possession of it. -when you read a book by reading it, you may not have much time to take notes. Look at Reading, as we said earlier, the time spent is always limited. Even so, when you're reading at this level, you're going to raise some important questions, and it's best to write down the answers when you remember them-but sometimes they don't. In the review reading, the question to answer is: first, what kind of a book is this? Second, what is the whole book talking about? Thirdly, what is the overall structure of the author to develop his views or to state his understanding of the subject? You should take notes and write down the answers to these questions. Especially if you know that someday, maybe a few days or months later, you'llWhen you pick up this book for analysis, you should write down the questions and answers first. The best place to make these notes is the catalogue page, or the title page, which is the number of pages not used in the notes we mentioned earlier. Note here that the main focus of these notes is the architecture of the book, not the content-at least not the details. So we call such notes for the structure note (structuralnote-making). -analysis reading to use concept notes (conceptual note-making), these concepts are the author's point of view, and when you read the deeper and wider, you will also appear in your own opinion. Theme reading also uses concept notes, but these concepts are more extensive because it's not a person or a book. -Dialectic Note (dialectical note making). Because this is a summary of a lot of books, not just one, so it is usually necessary to use a separate piece of paper to record. At this point, we will then use the concept of the structure-a single topic, all the relevant statements and questions in the order of the column. -the so-called art or skill, belongs only to the person who can develop the habit and can operate according to the rules. There is no other way to develop a habit than to keep practicing. -familiarity with rules is a prerequisite for practicing skills. -Reading is like skiing, unless you are skilled in every step, you can connect all the different steps and become a complex but harmonious action. You can't compress the different parts so that the different steps are tied up immediately. -the fifth chapter of this book is very practical. -must answer those four questions while reviewing the reading. And classify the book, then use different classes of rules and techniques to read. - Books The main classification, one is a fictional fiction class, the other is to convey knowledge, descriptive discourse class. In the discourse of the book, we can further the history from the philosophical classification, but also can be separated from science and mathematics. -first-tier taxonomy, ※ Practicality vs. the practical use of theoretical works is related to an effective approach, whether immediate or long-range in effect. What the theory is concerned about is to understand or understand something. The theoretical works are teaching you what this is, and the practical works are teaching you how to do what you want to do, or what you think you should do. To make knowledge practical, there must be rules of operation. We must go beyond "know what's going on" and then understand "what we should do if we want to do something about it". Generally speaking, this is the difference between knowing and doing. -questions the validity of something is a theory, and the purpose of questioning anything is practical. -history is about dealing with real events that occur at specific times and at specific locations. -science has no time limit, which is about the reason that all or most things happen. -philosophy can be regarded as the abstraction above science and the pursuit of more general truth. -If a theoretical book emphasizes content beyond your daily, routine, and normal life experience, it is a book of science. Otherwise it is a book of philosophy. Because scientists are based on experiments, or rely on precise observational studies, philosophers are only thinkers sitting in rocking chairs. They all come to the conclusion by observation and reflection, but their proof of the conclusion is different: The scientist will give evidence from the result of his special experience, but the philosopher will use human's commonality as illustration. -the second rule of reading is to use a single sentence, or up to a few words (a short paragraph of text) to describe the entire content of the book. If you want to say too much, you have not seen the overall content clearly, but only to see a variety of content. And remember, feeling understood is not necessarily true, can say or write to calculate. -The third rule can be said to be: to enumerate the important chapters of the book, to show how they form a whole structure in order. -in a sentence to summarize the story or the framework of the book, as an exercise, "three-body" is the human civilization and even the destruction of the cosmic civilization and may regain new life story. Among them, we discovered three civilizations, fought against the three-body civilization aggression, and ended up as clues, thinking about the problems of many civilizations in the current society and even the universe. "The Bureau of the Ghost Millet" is a historical novel, talking about the dispute between the seven Warring States, ghost Millet four disciple recount make the world morsel, finally to Qin unified six countries end of the wits, carefully moving the story of soul. -Adam Smith's "Wealth Theory". At first, the author wrote a "book plan" statement to help the reader. But this article has several pages long. As a whole, it can be reduced to the following: This book explores the resources of national wealth. Any labor-based economic system, should take into account the pay, the recovery of capital profits, the landlord's rent and other relations, these are the basic factors of the price of goods. This book discusses how to use capital more effectively and from the origin and use of money, talking about accumulating capital and using capital. By examining the rich development of different countries under different conditions, the book compares different political systems and discusses the benefits of free trade. If a reader can grasp the focus of the wealth theory in such a way and make the same observation of Marx's capital, it is easy to see what is the connection between the two most influential books of the past two centuries. -Many rules say is the rule, and not necessarily to strictly in accordance with the provisions of strict implementation, make probably, slowly, more will have their own experience, this book also elaborated such an idea. -do one thing, whether it is reading, or other, need from Think big, small start, alsois to divide a complex thing into small, simple things. This is also a concept of divide and conquer. The author's view of reading is to grasp the focus and essence of a book as a whole, which is regarded as overlooking. Analysis of reading is to separate the whole point of view, part of the part, a paragraph to master the author's views. Then master these small points of view between the order and the association. And then grasp the whole idea. -asks you to outline the important parts of the book, and how these parts prove and develop the themes of the books, which will help you master the key summaries of the text. -the sixth and seventh chapters are: Analyze the first stage of reading, or find out what a book is talking about in four rules: (1) According to the category of books and the subject of classification. (2) Use the shortest sentence to tell what the whole book is talking about. (3) To list the important parts of the book in terms of order and relationship. After the outline of the whole book is drawn up, the outline of each part is also listed. (4) Find out the question that the author is asking, or the problem that the author wants to solve. -Analysis The first stage of reading consists of the previous four principles, which aim to understand what the content of the book is about, and then the second stage, there are four principles, the first one is "to find the common meaning." -Analyze the second stage of reading, or find out what a book is talking about (interpreting the contents of a book): (5) Interpreting the keywords used by the author and reaching a consensus with the author. (6) Grasp the important theme of the author from the most important sentences. (7) Find out the author's discourse and re-structure the causes and consequences of these discourses in order to understand the author's claim. (8) Determine what problems the author has solved and what remains unresolved. In an unresolved issue, determine which issues the author thinks he cannot solve. -It is impossible for a person to learn anything if he does not voluntarily use his own judgment. Maybe he can be trained, but he can't be taught. Therefore, the most able to learn the reader, that is the most able to criticize the reader. Such readers will finally be able to respond to a book and try to sort out their thoughts on the issues discussed by the author. -if the subject of an author has no theoretical basis, it can be regarded as the author's personal opinion. If a reader can not distinguish the theory of knowledge and the elaboration of personal views, then he can not learn from the reading of things. He is only interested in the author personally, the book as a personal biography to read it. Of course, such a reader does not agree or disagree, he is not judging the book, but the author itself. -These three rules together illustrate the conditions of critical reading, in which the reader should be able to "debate" with the author. First: Ask the reader to get a complete picture of a book, and don't rush to criticize it. Second: The reader is urged not to gaining or blindly oppose. Thirdly, the different opinions of knowledge are regarded as the problems which can be solved in general. If this rule were to go further,is to ask the reader to find a theoretical basis for his or her different opinions, so that the issue is not just being uttered, but it will be clarified. Only in this way can we hope to solve the problem. -in the final stage of the proposed outline, it is to know what the author wants to solve the problem. The final stage of interpreting a book is to know what problems the author solves and what issues remain unresolved. The final stage of criticizing a book is to examine the integrity of the author's discourse. This is related to the outline of the book, whether the author has explained the problem clearly, and how well he has solved the problem by interpreting it. Three stages of -※ analysis reading now we have roughly completed the analysis of reading the evidence and discussion. We are now going to write all the rules in the proper order, with the right mark: first, analysis of reading: Find out the rules of what a book is talking about (1) Sort by the type and subject of the book. (2) Use the shortest text to explain what the whole book is talking about. (3) The main parts are listed in order and relevance. The outline of the whole book is listed, and the outline of each part is listed. (4) Determine the problem that the author wants to solve. Ii. analysis of the second stage of reading: Interpretation of the content rules of a book (5) The key words of the author of the consultation, and he reached a consensus. (6) By the most important sentence, grasp the author's important theme. (7) Know what the author's argument is, find the relevant sentence from the content, and then re-structure it. (8) Determine what problems the author has solved and what is unresolved. Then judge what the author knows about his unresolved problems. Thirdly, the third stage of the analysis of reading: to comment on the rule a of a book like a knowledge of communication. General rules of Wisdom etiquette (9) Unless you have completed the outline structure, you can also interpret the whole book, otherwise do not easily criticize. (Before you say: "I read!") "Don't say you agree, disagree or postpone the comment before." ) (10) Don't be competitive, not argue. (11) Before you say a comment, you have to be able to tell the difference between a real knowledge and a personal point of view. B. Special criteria for critical views (12) prove that the author's knowledge is insufficient. (13) Proving the author's knowledge error. (14) proving that the author is illogical. (15) prove that the author's analysis and reasons are incomplete. -reading is not much, but in the fine, proficient will have the same ability as the author, they become the authority, so they will become teachers, the author. So at present it seems that reading a book a day is unrealistic and not useful. To be relevant to their own, useful knowledge to ponder, understanding, research, learning, to become experts in this regard OK. How can -know if you have used your experience properly to help you read a book? The most definite way to test is the way we have discussed it, just as you do with your comprehension, ask yourself: Can you cite a point that you think you know?An instance? The rule of reading in -is that before reading a book, you must first read the preface and preface of the author. On the contrary, the external reading rule is that you should not look at a person's reading unless you have finished reading a book. This rule applies in particular to the introduction of some scholars or commentators. -for reading books and interpretation of books, it is best to read the original book after reading, the first is that they understand, is to check the leakage of the vacancy, the second is if you look at the original, will be affected. For the summary of books, in the analysis of reading, it is best to make a summary, in the subject of reading can let us first understand this book, see Value is not worth reading. -the use of reference books, you have to ask a clear question, is what you are looking for, so in the process of finding the answer to benefit. Another point, you need to know where to find the answer to this question. This is about as many types of reference books as possible and how to use them. -If you start reading a lot of words, you can't keep up with the whole book. The basic purpose of a dictionary is to use it when you encounter a professional term, or a word that you do not know at all. Even so, when you first read a good book, do not rush to use the dictionary, unless it is the word and the author's main thrust is very much related, can be verified. -don't swallowed the dictionary back. Don't memorize a series of words in order to improve your vocabulary skills immediately, and those meanings are not related to your actual life experience. In short, a dictionary is a book about words, not a book about things. (My understanding, the way of thinking is that you look at one thing, this is the most important) -proper nouns and common nouns (according to what they refer to is one thing, or a lot of things); specific nouns or abstract nouns (according to what they mean we can perceive, or something we can understand from our hearts, But not by the outward perception of things). -Ideally, the best encyclopedia should be the theme, and the alphabet is arranged. The material it presents is arranged alphabetically, but includes the key and outline of a topic-basically a directory. (a table of contents is used when composing an article in a book, unlike an index.) The index is arranged in alphabetical order. As far as we know, there is no such encyclopedia on the market, but it is worth trying. -Read the three sets of rules of the editorial work, the first group is to find the whole and part of the structure of the work, the second group is the definition and interpretation of the consensus, the main theme and discussion. The third group is the critique of the author's doctrine, in order to agree or disagree with the views to complete our understanding of his work. -read the rules of imaginative literature, the 1th is to classify them, fiction or poetry, or drama, and the 2nd is to grasp the story briefly because it reveals the author's meaning in the plot. 3rd, imagine the structure of literature to grasp the overall. -BatchThe skill is the expression of his taste. How to criticize correctly. -Reading literary works, such as poetry and drama, do not need to be practiced, but they need to know firsthand; reading a storybook requires a quick and wholehearted reading and integration into the character itself; -even if it's not clear at first, don't worry. In fact, it was not clear at first. The story is like our life, in life, we can not expect to know every thing that happens to us, or to see the whole life clearly. But when we look back on the past, we understand why. So, when reading a novel, read it all and then review it, you will know the correlation of events and the sequence of activities. -Homer's "Iliad" and "Odyssey", Virgil's "Aeneid", but Ding's "Divine Comedy" and Milton's "Paradise Lost." Homer, Virgil, Dante and Milton-Every good poet is their reader, and so does the other authors. These five books, combined with the Bible, are indispensable readings for any serious book-reading program. -Moliere (Moliere) comedy -It's easy for us to see what to do, but can we look at everything in a limited time? In reading the Greek tragedy, you have to keep this problem in mind. -a good poem can be studied attentively, read and reread, and in your life constantly think of this poem. You will continue to find new ideas, new pleasures and revelations in the poem, creating new ideas for yourself and the world. -The first rule of reading lyrics is: Whether you feel that you understand, you have to read, do not stop; reading the lyrics of the second rule is: reread-read aloud, and you recite the verses aloud, you will find that the words appear to help you understand the poem, Your ears will also protest where your eyes are neglected; -love not to be fooled by time, though the red lip days outworn the sword of Time yellow orchids x, but love does not change from a short hour to a cycle, until the end of the day remains. The two main points of -reading history are: First, read more than one history book as much as possible for events or periods of interest to you. Secondly, when reading history, we should not only care about what really happened at some time or place in the past, but also understand the reasons why people have such actions in any space and time, especially now. -If we are going to read history well, we need to figure out what the book is talking about and what it is not talking about. -There are many ways to tell a story, we must know what method the author uses to say the story. -great philosophers can always clarify the complexities of life, and see the simple differences-as long as they have been explained, the difficult things have become very simple. If we're going to study them, ask questions.There must be childish simplicity-and the answer is mature and wise. -philosophy is thinking about what human beings should do, which is not practical and experimental. But this thing is instructive for our actual actions. -examines the relationship between reading and analyzing reading, examining the two steps in Reading-the first one is browsing, the second is superficial reading-that is, the first two steps of analyzing reading. Explore the first steps that will help you prepare for analytical reading: You can determine what topic you are reading, explain what kind of book it is, and outline the framework. Superficial reading is also helpful in analyzing the first step of reading. Basically this is the ready action to enter the second step. In the second step, you will be able to reach a consensus with the author, explain his main thrust, follow his discussion, to be able to interpret the entire content of the book. -do the topic reading, the first is to identify a small, reasonable topic, and then look for the topic related to the bibliography; The second step is to read the bibliography using the read (browse and Skim) method (do not use analytical reading), filter out books unrelated to the topic, and identify the books that need to be highlighted. You have at least a little idea of what some of these books are talking about, and you have a topic you want to study, and the third step is to use the formal steps of the topic reading in the remaining bibliography. -Topic reading Step One: Find the relevant chapters. You are reading for the sake of solving your own problems-not for the purposes of the book itself. So look through the bibliography and find the chapters that are relevant to the subject of our research by drawing or entering the subject after reading. -Topic Read Step Two: Quote the author to reach a consensus with you. At this point we have to be the owner of the book, in the subject of reading, we want to create a set of vocabulary, first of all to help us understand all the author, not one or two of them (this principle and software engineering modeling to find the same business use case), and then help us solve our problems. -Topic Read Step Three: clarify the problem. We have to set up a set of unbiased themes. The best way to do this is to first list some of the questions that will make our questions more clear, and then let the authors answer the questions. The most frightening thing is that we have no definite goal in mind, and then we follow the author and don't know how to do it. -Topic reading Step Four: defining the issue. That is, the different opinions of different authors are defined and summarized. We need to find out the connection between different opinions, and then classify them according to the author's point of view. -Topic Read Step Five: Analyze the discussion. We cannot find the truth from the answers of others, and even we have to find enough reason to support it. So we have to ask questions in a specific order, and we have to be able to identify why this is the order. We must explain the different answers to these questions and explain why. This is the content of our research. -theme books can be from three aspectsHelp people who are just beginning to do research: start reading and suggest reading. Guide reading. -two stages in the theme reading. One is the preparatory stage and the other is the subject reading itself: first, the scope of observation: the preparation stage of the topic reading (1) design a pilot bibliography for the subject you are studying. You can refer to the library catalogue, the expert's advice and the bibliography index in the book. (2) Browse through all the books on this bibliography to determine which ones are relevant to your subject and establish a clear concept of your subject. Ii. Theme reading: Read all the first-stage collection of books (1) Browse through all the books in the first phase that are considered relevant to your topic and find the most relevant chapters. (2) Create a neutral vocabulary based on the theme, and draw the author to agree with you-whether or not the author actually uses these words, all authors, or at least most of the authors, can use this set of words to interpret. (3) Establish a neutral theme that lists a series of questions-whether or not the author understands these issues, all authors, or at least most of the authors, should be able to interpret them to provide their answers to these questions. (4) to define major and minor issues. The author then organizes the different opinions of the authors on various issues on the side of each topic. You have to remember that there is not necessarily an issue between and among authors. Sometimes you need to interpret his point of view in the context of something that is not the main concern of the author, in order to construct such a topic. (5) Analysis of these discussions. This has to be sorted out in order to highlight the subject matter. There are more common issues to be put before those that are not common. The relationship between the various issues should also be clearly defined. Note: Ideally, you should always maintain the alienation and objectivity of the dialogue. To do this, whenever you want to read a writer's views on an issue, you have to draw a paragraph from his own article. -need to be active when reading, the best way to be active is to read with questions. Be sure to think why the author wrote this book, that is, in order to solve the problem, in order to solve these problems, the use of what methods and means, finally solved the No, the solution is thorough? What else do we have to do? -This book is read Cheng Hao "stand on the edge of the Two Worlds" this book found, with the "book can not read, how you succeed" this book more effective. The two books teach us how to change our destiny through reading, improve our professional skills, and get the improvement of our mind. This book is designed to teach us how to read the book itself with the tips and rules. -a lot of books just to understand the information, and the really useful book is to help us how to live better, this kind of book is necessary to read well. The main purpose is to enhance our mind and understanding. A list of the first appendices of the -book, recommendations for great Books. -help you find the most meaningful bibliography for you. The quiz is carried out: if you are warned to be on an uninhabited islandFor the rest of your life, or at least for a long time, suppose you have time to prepare, bring some practical items to the island, and take 10 books, which 10 will you choose? -author for this book specifically established website, A Guide to Reading the great books. - -like psychology or professional books, more difficult to understand, or need to constantly learn, practice, Digging between the lines of information on the book to buy a paper version, such as story books, novels and other books on the e-book, which take notes to the final electronic version of the good! -this year's 100 professional books to include such a few topics, that is, the topic of reading it, the first is to "how to read a book" As the Center, practice and pondering reading, grammar, logic-related knowledge; the second is the knowledge of agile development, demand analysis, this is the cost of eating this year and later The third is how to deal with the customer knowledge, wine knowledge. -Learn to go and learn the relevant knowledge. -
From for notes (Wiz)
Read the notes on how to read a book
