Reading Notes: individual psychology in General Psychology

In the process of self-management, we often encounter some concepts, such as cognition, emotion, motivation, willpower, and personality, but I have never been very clear about how they are defined, and the relationship between them. Where are these definitions? I think it should be in psychology.

To learn self-management, people must know themselves. The knowledge provided by psychology can help us better understand ourselves.General psychology is the psychology that studies the basic principles of psychology and the general laws of psychological phenomena. It is the most basic and general discipline of all psychology branches. It is also the first professional course for psychology students to get started. I have read Peng Lingling's "General Psychology", which introduces these concepts. I have a good look at the individual psychology of this book, and others are skipped. I always wanted to write some reading notes, but today I decided to write this book becauseDoubanI 've been reading books for two weeks. I don't want to see this task move down to the next day.

Through the study of individual psychology, we can clearly understand some of our frequently-mentioned concepts, such as the relationship between them. Here is a brain chart note for me:

Below are text notes:

 

Complex individual psychology,Cognition, emotion, motivation, ability, and personality are three important aspects of individual psychological phenomena and are the main subjects of psychology.These three aspects are not separated, but interrelated and interdependent. For example, cognitive needs will promote people to explore the world, and interactions will promote people to establish various interpersonal relationships and get a variety of emotional experiences. Medicine | the education network collects and sorts out the same information. The emergence and development of human needs depend on cognition. A scientist has accumulated a wealth of knowledge, realized the significance of his work for the benefit of mankind, and has a strong sense of responsibility for his work, which will generate a strong motivation for research, and strive to achieve their own research. Similarly, human abilities and personalities are generated and manifested in the process of acquiring and applying knowledge. These psychological characteristics regulate the process of human brain information processing, and give these processes personal characteristics.

Cognitive Process

Cognition refers to the process in which people acquire knowledge, process information, and apply knowledge. It is the most basic psychological process of people. It includes Feeling, perception, memory, imagination, thinking, and language And other cognitive forms. Through these cognitive forms, the human brain accepts information transmitted from the outside world. After processing, it converts it into an internal psychological activity, which in turn controls human behavior. This process is the process of information processing, that is, the cognitive process. The process of people acquiring or applying knowledge begins with perception and perception. . Feeling After an objective thing directly acts on human sensory organs Understanding of individual attributes and features , AndPerception It is the human brain after objective things directly act on human sensory organs. Understanding of the whole and Its Relationship of things . In perception, people's knowledge and experience play an important role. The knowledge and experience that people gain through sensory perception does not disappear immediately after the stimulus stops working. It remains in people's minds and can be reproduced as needed. The psychological process of accumulating and storing individual experience is called memory. .
People can not only directly perceive individual and specific things, but also understand the superficial links and relationships of things. Mind Existing knowledge and experience in Indirectly and broadly understand things, expose the nature of things and their internal relationships and rules, form the concept of things, make inferences and inferences, and solve various problems. , This is Thinking . People can also use their own words to get the results of their own thinking activities and recognize the results of activities with others. Communication Accept others' experience. Language Activity . People are still doingImagination Activities are carried out by virtue of the specific image saved in the mind, Closely related to thinking activities .

Emotion and motivation

When processing external input information, people can not only understand the attributes, characteristics, and relationships of things, but alsoProduce attitudes towards things, Causing satisfaction, dissatisfaction, love, dislike, hate and other subjective experience, this isEmotion (emotion) or emotion (feeling). The success of a career, the support of friends, and family reunion make people feel happy, excited, and happy. However, the loss of work, the ridicule of friends, And the quarrel between their loved ones, make people feel frustrated, painful, or angry.Emotion is generated on the basis of Cognition. Deep understanding, love cut, deep and sincere feelings come from people, real and profound understanding of things;Emotion has a huge impact on cognition and has become an internal factor for regulating and controlling cognitive activities.. Positive Emotions can stimulate people's enthusiasm for understanding and forge ahead. On the contrary, negative emotions can make people depressed, depressed, and suffocate people's enthusiasm for understanding and creating.

Human Cognition and behavior are not only influenced by emotion and emotion, but also controlled by motivation. The so-calledMotivation refers to the internal motivation for promoting people's activities and moving them towards a specific goal.. For example, if a person wishes to be recognized by a group and have a certain position in the group, this internal motivation will become the motivation for promoting him to deal with various interpersonal relationships.The basis of motivation is human needs.That is, an individual is physically and psychologically unbalanced. Persons havePhysiological needsSuch as hunger, hunger, and thirst.Social NeedsSuch as labor, interpersonal communication, achievement, and self-esteem. Persons haveMaterial NeedsSuch as food, clothing, housing, transportation, etc.Spiritual needsSuch as the need to know and the need to enjoy the beauty. It is based on the various needs of people that form different motivations of people. Motivation is different in nature and intensity. Different motivations lead to different attitudes towards reality and their corresponding behavior patterns.

People can not only understand the world, but also have positive or negative feelings for things. They can also transform the world with purpose and purpose in their own activities. This kind of conscious initiative is the essential difference between humans and animals.The Psychological Process of consciously determining the purpose and consciously controlling and regulating behavior for the purpose is called the will. The will is closely related to cognition and emotion. A person's conscious adjustment and control of his/her behaviors are achieved based on his/her own understanding and emotions. The strength or weakness of a person's will, in turn, has a huge impact on people's cognition and emotions.

Ability and Personality

In the process of acquiring and applying knowledge, or in the process of information processing, various psychological characteristics will also be formed, resulting in psychological differences between people.. Some of the psychological characteristics of people appear temporarily and occasionally; some are stable and often appear. TheseSteady and frequent psychological characteristics, Sometimes calledPersonality psychological characteristics, or personality. It is another important aspect of psychology.

Psychological characteristics include ability and personality.. For example, some people remember fast, some people remember slow, some people think better than imagined, and some people are good at thinking. This is a difference in ability. Some people are gentle, some are rough, some are agile, some are dull, some are modest and prudent, some are proud and complacent, some are strong, some are weak, this is the difference in personality. It is these psychological characteristics that make the psychological activities of one individual different from those of the other.

 

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