"Red Hat Linux Basics" Disk partitioning detailed tutorial

Experimental content:

1. Disk Partitioning

2. Format File system

3. Mount and unmount the file system

4. Automatic File system mount

Experimental steps:

Once the new hard drive device is hooked up in Linux and the host is booted, the drive is automatically detected and loaded without additional driver installation.

Execute command "fdisk-l" to list all hard disk devices and partition information in the system

As can be seen from my system detected 2 hard drives are "SDA" and "SDB" are in the dev directory, where SDA hard disk to be partitioned.

The SDB hard disk is not yet partitioned.

In the diagram:

• Device: The name of the unit file that represents the partition.

• Boot : Indicates whether it is a boot partition. Yes, there is a "*" logo

• start : Indicates the starting position of the partition on the hard disk (number of cylinders)

• End: Indicates the ending position of the partition on the hard disk (number of cylinders)

• Blocks: Indicates the size of the partition, in Blocks (block), the default size is 1024 bytes

• ID : Indicates the partition corresponding to the system Id number. 83 represents EXT4 partitions in Linux, 82 for swap partitions, and 8e for LVM logical volumes.

Partition the SDB hard drive below

Execute "fdisk/dev/sdb" into the partition management interface

Enter "m" in this mode to view help information for various instructions

Enter "p" to list the partition table, which is empty because it is not yet partitioned

Enter "n" to create a new partition where "e is the extended partition " "p is the primary partition ". When you select a partition number, the primary and extended partitions can only be numbered 1-4! The partition start position is generally recognized by Fdisk by default, and the end position uses "+sizek,m,g"

To create an extended partition, the extended partition can have only one

Create logical partition with logical partition starting partition number 5

Use p to list partitions

Use "t" command can change the partition ID number, if you do not know the ID number can be entered "L" view

Convert SDB6 to swap partition

Delete a partition using "D"

Convert SDB5 to FAT32

Use "w" and "Q" to exit the Fdisk partitioning tool

the W command saves and exits the Fdisk partition tool, and theQ command does not save the direct exit

After changing the partition settings of the hard disk, it is recommended to restart the system or execute the following command:

After partitioning is established in a Linux system, it is necessary to format the partition and mount it to the specified directory for storage.

Use MKFS format EXT4, fat and other different types of file partitioning

Format SDB1 as a EXT4 file system

Format SDB5 as a FAT32 file system

Initializing a swap partition with Mkswap

The newly added swap partition needs to be enabled with the Swapon command, whereas the Swapoff command can stop specifying the swap partition.

Use the FREE-M command to view memory usage

Mount and Unmount file systems

The basic format of the Mount command:

mount [-t file system type] storage device mount point // file system can usually be omitted by the system to automatically identify

Mount the SDB1 partition under the/mnt/directory

Mount USB Drive Device usage is also the same, through fdisk-l can view the USB stick device name

Mount the USB stick to the/OPT directory

Will find a whole "? "is because Linux does not recognize Chinese, you can perform the following command to recognize Chinese:

Setting up automatic file system mounts

If you do not set up automatic mounts, all partitions need to be re-mounted after rebooting the system once.

Use Vim to edit "/etc/fstab" To configure auto mount after boot!

The "/etc/fstab" file contains six fields from left to right as follows:

• First field: Device name or device volume name

• Second field: Location of the file system's mount point directory

• Third field: File system type

• Fourth field: Mount parameters, for example: defaults, rw, RO, noexec, respectively, as default parameters, writable, readable, disable execution program

• Fifth field: Indicates whether a dump backup is required for the file system. General set 1 is required, set 0 means ignore

• Sixth field: Used to determine the order in which disk checks are performed at system startup. 0 means no check, 1 is a priority check, and 2 means second check. The root partition should be set to 1 and the other partition set to 2.

Automatically mount the SDB1 partition to the/MNT directory

Use "Mount-a" to mount all the non-mounted partitions in the Fstab file, automatically mount the edits and execute this command if no error is indicated.

Use "Df-ht" to view disk usage

The left-to-right seven fields represent:

• First field: File system

• Second field: type

• Third field: capacity

• Fourth field: Used

• Fifth field: Available

• Sixth field:% used

• Seventh field: Mount point

This article from "Sunj" blog, declined reprint!

"Red Hat Linux Basics" Disk partitioning detailed tutorial