Reference: my views on the product system

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Design of Product System

Wang xuqing, Computer Science Department, Shanghai Normal University

　

The accumulation idea is a new thought in the development of computer-assisted teaching in our school. It changes the design, development and use of teaching software, and enables teachers to use computer as a powerful tool, consciously use Instructional Design and learning theories to make teaching software suitable for various teaching situations, so as to truly remain unchanged (accumulation ).

　

I. Feasibility of realizing the idea of Product

The rapid development of computer technology provides a powerful technical support for the idea of product. First, the hardware infrastructure is mature, and large-capacity storage devices (CDS) can be used to store a large number of teaching resources in the product library, the network-based and information-based environment lays the foundation for the sharing and exchange of teaching resources. The faster and faster computer processor speed ensures the input, storage, processing, and output of teaching information. Secondly, the software technology is becoming increasingly mature, and there are more and more visual development tools based on object-oriented programming ideas, providing users with an easy-to-learn and easy-to-use software development environment.

　

Ii. Basis of Product System Design

1. Instructor requirements

Considering that most teachers currently use less computers and are busy with daily teaching and student management, the component system for teachers and students in schools should work more easily and easily, this allows instructors to use the accumulation system tool to flexibly and conveniently create teaching software. Secondly, the accumulation system should also be open and self-reproduction, allowing teachers and students to constantly expand the accumulation Library (teaching resources) and re-process existing teaching resources, to meet the needs of different teaching situations.

2. Inspiration from excellent tools and software

The product system design draws on the advantages of many excellent tools and software. In these utility software (Word, Excel, PowerPoint, access, etc.) and development tool software (Authorware, VB, Delphi, PowerBuilder, etc, it contains rich and advanced user-oriented functions and operations (such as ole2.0 object link and embedding, object presentation stunt design, templates, guides, and intuitive flowchart design structure ). In particular, the object-oriented programming philosophy Injects Vitality into the design of the product system, making the product system more widely applied. It is not only suitable for ordinary teachers and students to use it to make teaching software, it can also be used for secondary development by teachers with a certain programming Foundation to improve the quality and production efficiency of teaching software.

3. Theories and rules related to education and teaching

Because the product system is designed to realize the modernization of classroom teaching technology in schools, the characteristics and rules of classroom teaching should be fully taken into account the need of teachers to use different teaching methods for classroom teaching, make Rational Use of theories and rules related to education and teaching.

　

Iii. Product System Design Model

Considering the three basis of the product system design, the author designs a product system design model (as shown in ). The model consists of three layers. The first layer is a component combination platform for teachers and students. With this platform, teachers can create their own teaching software; the second layer consists of three databases: the micro-teaching unit library, the material presentation mode Component Library, and the secondary development component library. These three databases can be used by the component combination platform respectively, teachers with certain programming experience can use the components in the component library of the material presentation mode to generate custom components suitable for their own needs and store them in the secondary development component library. The third layer is the multimedia teaching material library, it cannot be directly used by the component combination platform, but is used by loading materials in the component library in the material presentation mode.

1. multimedia teaching material library

The material library is located at the bottom of the product design model. To facilitate retrieval, use, management and maintenance, the material library should use resource manager similar to Windows 95 to manage the tree structure of multi-level folders and files, and organize and manage the files with reasonable classification rules.

In addition, the material library should be scalable, allowing teachers to add materials collected and processed by themselves to the material library with a tree structure. You can store materials in the original category, or create a new category to store new materials in the new category. This extensible feature is inspired by the clipart (clip art) management mechanism in the PowerPoint software. In short, easy retrieval, easy to use, easy to manage, easy to maintain, and easy to expand are the basic features of the multimedia teaching material library.

2. Micro-teaching unit library

The micro-teaching unit is a "small courseware" designed to help teachers teach a certain teaching difficulty or help students learn a certain knowledge and skill point. It generally consists of more than one media material. These "small courseware" based on the basic knowledge points of various disciplines constitute the micro-teaching unit library. From the perspective of easy retrieval, easy to use, easy to manage, and easy to maintain, the micro-teaching unit library should also use a tree structure and reasonable classification rules.

The integration platform should provide interfaces for importing micro-teaching units. Teachers can directly use it in the integration platform, and connect it with other multimedia teaching materials for appropriate teaching situations. In this way, the efficiency of teachers' teaching software production can be greatly improved, instead of integrating a large number of multimedia teaching materials from the beginning for a common knowledge point.

In addition to using the micro-teaching unit library provided by the product system, teachers can also use the product system to create a micro-teaching unit with a certain knowledge point and expand it to the micro-teaching unit library. In this way, teachers can repeatedly use self-made micro-teaching units in their own teaching software, and share and communicate with other teachers through the online teaching resource library. The model (module) functions in Authorware provide examples for self-made micro-teaching units and expanded micro-teaching unit libraries.

3. Component Library of material presentation mode

The component library is a collection of basic components (or objects, it includes graphics, text, sound, tables, formulas, curves, animations, and video objects that describe multimedia teaching materials. Each object encapsulates the appearance (attributes) and behavior (methods) of the object ). This is like a "black box". You don't have to know how to implement the attributes and methods of an object. You just need to call it.

When an object is used, the instructor can select relevant materials from the multimedia teaching material library to instantiate the object. By operating various attributes and methods of the instantiated object, to control the presentation of various materials. For example, you can modify various attributes (size, color, shadow, border, etc.) of an object and control multiple methods (such as moving, blinking, anti-white, and gradient) of an object ).

To facilitate object attributes and methods, the product assembly platform should provide a simple and easy-to-use environment, such as using VB-like attribute lists to manage various attributes of objects, attribute Modification and setting can be selected from pre-set attribute values. You can use the method operation method to create a custom macro in Access97. Instead of remembering all the method names and related parameters, you can choose and fill in the answer to give various actions to the object.

4. Secondary Development Component Library

The secondary development component library is used to store custom material Rendering component generated by the component in the component library using the material rendering method, to meet the needs of teachers with high programming level to expand their teaching resources.

When the instructor is not satisfied with the attributes and methods provided by the material presentation component in the product system, the functions provided by the product combination platform can be used, use a secondary development tool to derive a new material Rendering component (child component) from the original material Rendering component (parent component ). In addition to inheriting all features (such as attributes and methods) in the parent component, the teacher can also modify individual features of the Child component. After the derived child components are stored in the secondary development component library, they can be used by multiple teaching software that require these child components. This secondary development component has the advantages of modifying and using it once and multiple times. Especially when some features of sub-components are modified again, the corresponding modifications can be automatically completed using multiple of their teaching software, this also reflects the efficient maintenance capability of the product assembly platform.

5. Product Assembly Platform

The product combination platform is a tool that directly targets common teachers and students, provides integrated secondary development component libraries, micro-teaching unit libraries, material presentation component libraries, and multimedia teaching material libraries to create teaching software. Therefore, ease of use, openness, efficiency, and practicality are the basic features of the product combination platform.

The main operation interface of the product assembly platform should be similar to the Authorware Flowchart-based software design and production structure. For general teachers, the teaching software can be easily developed without programming.

For some common teaching strategies, the integration platform should be able to provide a wizard-based teaching software production method, and automatically generate the Teaching Software for specific teaching strategies through a series of orderly filling and selection, such as narration, discussion, exercise, and hands-on lab teaching software. On the basis of the Automatic Generation of teaching software, teachers can further adjust and modify until they meet the needs of teaching situations.

In addition to playing and running the prepared teaching software on the product assembly platform, the operating mechanism of the platform should also be provided, for example, you can provide a small and exquisite Teaching Software player that is easy to install, or generate executable files that are completely separated from the platform.

In order to allow teachers with certain programming experience to develop secondary development component libraries, the product combination platform should provide secondary development tools so that teachers can easily generate their desired material presentation component.

The product assembly platform should also maintain and support various teaching resource libraries, such as using objectbrowser (Object Browser) similar to vb4.0 or excel5.0) manage the component library of secondary development, the library of micro-teaching units, and the component library of material presentation mode, and organize all the features of basic components in the library in a structured manner to facilitate the retrieval and use of teachers.