Research background of global navigation grid code (GNGC)

Research background of global navigation grid code (GNGC)

Background of Globalnavigation Grid Code (GNGC)

Bin Li

(Institute of Remote Sensing and geographic information systems, Peking University, Beijing 100871,[email protected])

Keywords: Global navigation grid code; GNGC; geosot;

1. Introduction

Human beings have always been aware of the Earth world in which they live. Where human beings come from, what is the Earth, what is the universe, what is time, what is space, what is the dimension of space and so on.

Ancient myths and legends, including the Ancient Greek mythology of Prometheus and ancient Chinese mythology nu wa made people, to later Chinese ancient Five elements, gossip theory, from the "Day round Place", the geographical discovery and the industrial Revolution, and even later the advent of computer and the advent of the Internet, People's understanding of the Earth's space of their own life is deepening, all of which are closely related to the progress of human science and technology.

Technological change has always been a decisive role in the change and progress of human history. From this point of view, through the Stone Age, Bronze Age, Iron ages, industrial and technological times. From the technical social formation, has experienced the hunting and fishing society age (primitive times), the Agricultural society age, the industrial society age, the information society age. Especially in recent hundreds of years, with the progress of science and technology, three times the rapid development of productivity has made the human society experienced three qualitative leap, respectively opened the steam era (age of steam), electrical era (age of electricity) and the information Age Information). Regardless of the angle, modern human society has entered the information age or even the data age. The information age or the data age has also become a milestone in the evolution of human history of a very important new period.

An important sign of human access to the information or data age is the emergence, large-scale application and rapid development of the Internet and electronic communications. In the latest technological revolution, which began seventy or eighty years ago, a milestone in the information age is the widespread application of electronic computers to the leap of human civilization. Now, countries all over the world are vigorously building the national basic information and information superhighway, computer equipment wide application, has formed a global variety of information resource pool and information resources exchange nodes and centers. The global Internet, especially the current mobile internet, has connected these information repositories and information resource Exchange centers as a whole. Coupled with advances in technology, the means and methods by which humans acquire data are more diverse. It can be said that technological innovation has reached the stage of the explosion, and the explosion of technology has also brought data acquisition means of Ascension, resulting in a variety of data on the explosion of data, thus bringing humanity into the big data era.

2. The need for information processing in the big data age

In the era of big data, the continuous improvement of human remote sensing and other land observation technology makes the sensor species more and more, the accuracy is more and more high, the information is more and more abundant. For example, three-dimensional laser scanning system, can get 1 million points of data per second, the information obtained in addition to the target object's spatial coordinate information, there are reflectivity information and texture information (Bin Li, 2012). In addition to the existing mapping geo-information data, human data sources now include a variety of satellite platform-based observation data, aircraft-based platform telemetry data, static and dynamic LiDAR devices based on three-dimensional data. Along with the development of Internet technology and mobile communication technology, human beings have also entered the era of mobile interconnection.

In the era of mobile interconnection, the sensors that provide geo-information data are not only traditional mapping hardware devices, but also extend to individual individuals through mobile terminals or wearables, each individual social entity is equivalent to a social sensor (social sensor), and this personal sensor is multi-source, It provides information on various kinds of behaviors in various backgrounds of various ages. At first, when human society entered the Internet era, the advent of Internet networks (which represented by online forums, timely communication tools, virtual communities, personal blogs, etc.) provided a wide range of large numbers of big data for the research and analysis of online behavior and social networks. During that period, social computing (socialcomputing) was flourishing, and its research results included the mining of Internet users ' activity patterns, the analysis of public opinion monitoring in the network and the extension to cyber-terrorism (bin Li, 2015).

After entering the era of mobile interconnection, a new concept-social perception (social sensing) was put forward. With a variety of wearable devices and mobile terminals, these personal sensors are able to get information about individual behavior data and collective communication in everyday life, so that the patterns of human social movements can be more accurately understood. The results of statistical research and analysis can increase decision support and data support from the different aspects of monomer, group and society to social movement and interaction, and the development of human economy. These social perceptual data are collected or automatically provided by people unconsciously. For example, when travelling on a simple plane, when a person closes a mobile phone on takeoff with two simple actions, it leaves a trace of the movement of the Social individual in space (Bin Li, 2015). These individual data is not only a huge amount of data, when the data together, fully meet the big data of four v characteristics, namely: Volume (Large), Velocity (change frequency), Variety (large diversity), value (large value).

Social perception data is a new type of big data in the data age and has distinct characteristics from the data obtained in previous ways. One of the characteristics of such big data is that it is faster and more intuitive to express. It can be more efficient for human production and life services and can be more accurate analysis of human services information. Take personal consumption habits as an example, through a certain period of personal shopping and variety analysis, can get this person's consumption preferences, consumption capacity and consumption of specific shopping time, so you can be directed to this person to push the relevant information about their favorite products, to help businesses accurate targeted advertising. Modern big data analysis in human life is very important and is beyond the reach of previous old-fashioned methods.

Judging from the history of human development and the cognitive process of human beings in their own world, human society is now in the technological means, data volume beyond any previous human development history stage. Therefore, in the face of increasing data, how to organize, manage, process, analyze and express the data to form valuable results to serve human life and cognition of the real world is an important topic at present.

3. Requirements for navigation

In the service of the above information, one application that is closely related to human daily activities is navigation. Navigation is the method of directing a person or device from the beginning of a specified route to the end point (cutler,2003). The application of navigation can be divided into non-civil (military) field and civil mass field. In the Non-civil field (military), mainly to guide the army and related equipment, ordnance, missiles, rockets and other operational deployment, in addition to the completion of related reconnaissance, surveillance, patrol, weapons launches, anti-submarine, emergency, rescue and other tasks. In the non-military field, it mainly includes personal application and enterprise application. The personal application is mainly the navigation of the route, such as walking, bus and self-driving route from one location to another, or finding the living service facilities such as banks, restaurants and hotels near the residential area or the work district. The application of the enterprise is mainly embodied in the logistics field, including the route selection and optimization of logistics distribution, and the in-transit information of logistics goods.

From the way of navigation, the current satellite navigation based on electronic map is the most popular, navigation satellite including GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, Beidou and so on. Since the 80 's, the Chinese developed the Beidou Satellite navigation system (Beidou Navigation Satellite System, also called compass/Beidou) began to launch satellites for satellite constellation Construction, The Beidou satellite navigation verification system was completed in 2003. The first Meo (COMPASS-M1) satellite of the Beidou system and the first GEO satellite (COMPASS-G2), which successfully launched the Beidou system on April 15, 2009, were subsequently launched on April 13, 2007, respectively, on the basis of a continuous launch of constellation satellites, Gradually to form the coverage area gradually expanded service network system (Yang Yuan Hi, 2010). This is the third mature satellite navigation system following the US Global Positioning System (GPS) and Russia's Glo satellite navigation System (GLONASS). China's Beidou satellite system is constantly improving, China's BDS and the United States GPS, Russia's GLONASS, the EU's Galileo have been the ICG (International Committee on GNSS, the International Committee of Global Satellite navigation system) identified, To become its qualified supplier. Therefore, along with the development of Beidou satellite system, Beidou industrialization is in the ascendant.

Based on the current problems and challenges in navigation, this paper constructs a new global navigation grid and its coding model, puts forward an innovative navigation calculation model and implementation method, and makes some basic research work for promoting global navigation grid code to the global standard navigation code and Beidou satellite output standard.

4. Challenges facing existing navigation systems

The existing navigation system after several years of development, has been relatively mature, the main method is based on vector network and latitude and longitude of navigation. But the current navigation system is not perfect, the actual navigation application is limited, the main restricted points are reflected in:

1. Traditional navigation has limitations in the expression "location". "Location" is a basic property of spatial information, in the information society highly developed today, nearly 80% of the information has spatial information, can not be separated from the "location" of this basic attribute. In traditional navigation mode, the processing and calculation of spatial information based on location is based on latitude and longitude coordinates, because latitude and longitude is the parameter of describing geographical coordinates point, it is used to identify the entity (i.e. region target) occupying a certain space area, there is the limitation of identity uniqueness and computational complexity (array vector operation). With the rapid growth of spatial information, this limitation brings more and more contradictions.

2. The traditional method based on vector network and POI can not be navigated in the case of indoor, open ground or field without POI or road network information, for some disaster emergency, disaster rescue, military operation of the application of traditional navigation can not meet the demand; traditional navigation lacks research and application support for the new UAV flight navigation. Unmanned aerial vehicle is a non-road network environment in the airspace flight, its navigation mode and the traditional road network based on the ground navigation method, in the fine navigation, such as indoor navigation, car park navigation and community navigation, traditional navigation methods lack of effective solutions.

3. Based on network vector line and POI, the computational efficiency is facing a challenge. Easy-going human basic construction speed and social Information update Speed LEAP, network information and POI information more and more, update the frequency more and more high. This requires the navigation system to face more data than ever before, in some applications of the global navigation Grid code extension even to face large amounts of big data. This results in the traditional method can not complete the real-time on-line calculation of large data, path planning dynamic calculation, its effect and efficiency is affected, so that the user body experience and practical application effect is discounted.

4. There is also a lack of a unified navigation coding standard in the industry. Foreign integrated Management system based on satellite navigation system has been applied in many fields and industries and public life, and has formed a similar application standard such as USNG. China currently lacks a unified navigation platform, data standards and industry standards including a unified navigation coding standard. An intuitive phenomenon is the development and operation of satellite navigation applications products and systems many but most of them directly do not solve the problem of data sharing due to the lack of standards and universality and compatibility issues. This has also given China's domestic industry applications and Chinese enterprises to the world caused a certain obstacle.

The above problems can be summed up as the navigation problem in navigation application, the fast calculation of navigation, the efficient organization of navigation data, the Exchange and application of navigation data and the problem of standard generalization.

5. Global navigation Grid Code research background

To solve the above problems, this paper proposes a Geosot-based global navigation grid for navigation applications. This research is an important branch of the study of the global space-day information. The background of the study is:

2009-2013, Peking University, Wuhan University, Information Engineering University, China University of Science and Technology, National Defense Science and Technology University, and other domestic advantage units, completed the National 973 Project "Global Space-day Information Division organization mechanism and application Method research" research work. The project presents a global meshing framework: Global latitude and longitude meshing for 2n one-dimensional integer arrays. The three major scientific problems in the process of space-time data organization are preliminarily solved: basic framework, Location coding and expression model. Geosot Earth Grid is a 50,000 km to the periphery of the Earth's outer space, down to the center of the earth, and the entire space is divided into hundreds of millions of large to global space, small to centimeter-level granularity, composed of 32 sub-elements of the Earth Space GIS platform, has 28 technical patents. The project puts forward the complete location coding System of "1+4 base code and n set Application extension code". Wherein, the Earth Subdivision grid coding is the basic code, has been completed. At present, the research and demonstration is the work of remote sensing, GIS, navigation and network coding, and puts forward the idea and method of establishing industry and department coding.

Figure 1 "1+4+n" system of global space-sky information subdivision

The Global navigation grid code proposed in this paper is a research on the location coding of navigation and positioning which is carried out by the study frame of the whole research group. Through this research, we can solve some problems existing in navigation, and do some preliminary research and exploration for the application and popularization of global navigation grid code.

Note: The global Grid code for global navigation, called Global Navigation Grid code, GNGC. Global navigation Grid Code is a multi-scale, discrete, geographic grid coding model suitable for navigation and location service in Spatial information subdivision organization system, which not only can effectively solve the problem of the identification of navigation and location related information, but also make the organization, integration, sharing and efficient service of the heterogeneous spatial information be solved. The concept of "Global Navigation grid Code" was first proposed by Dr. Bin Li of the Institute of Remote Sensing and geographic information systems, Peking University, based on the Geosot research theory of his laboratory, and in his 2015 doctoral dissertation "Global Navigation grid Code navigation computing Model Research".

Reference documents:

Cutler, Thomas J. J. (December 2003). Dutton ' s Nautical Navigation (15th ed.). Annapolis, Md:navalinstitute Press. ISBN 978-1-55750-248-3.

Bin Li, Li Yue Ming, Song Jiyu. Study on "Five degree" in three-dimensional laser scanning system of ground [J]. Surveying and Mapping Bulletin, 2012, 03:43-45.

Bin Li. Spring Festival and Big Data personal sensor [j].3s Newsweek, 64th, 2015.

Bin Li. Map 72 Change [N]. China surveying and Mapping newspaper, 2015-01-16003.

Yang Yuan hi. Progress, contribution and challenges of Beidou satellite navigation system [J]. Journal of Surveying and Mapping, 2010,01:1-6.

Research background of global navigation grid code (GNGC)