I. question raised with the deep development of network technology education applications, the Planning and complexity of learning resources and learning systems are also increasing, its technical means, design ideas, and system architecture will all undergo profound changes, which puts forward new requirements for the design and development of learning resources and learning systems. The modern mainstream software engineering technology advocates model-driven methods. Models are an abstraction of the real system and a simplification of the real world. Models are an abstraction of the real system and a simplification of the real world. Most of the work of scientific research is to formally describe the problem and establish a model. "Modeling is a process that captures the essence of the system" (jamesrumbaugh, modelingcapturesessentialpartsofthesystem ). The so-called modeling is the process of "transferring the problem from the problem field to the solution field". It is the most important communication channel between users and developers. At the same time, it is also one of the most difficult steps in the entire software system development process. Therefore, how to absorb the theories and methods of software engineering on the basis of fully understanding and applying the design methods of the teaching system, it provides a set of standardized, scientific, and practical modeling methods for the design and development of information learning resources and learning platforms, it is of great practical significance to solve the problems of learning resources, imperfect design process of learning systems, and difficult to share design ideas for a long time. Ii. Overview of Software Modeling of learning systems the design and development of information learning resources and learning systems is one of the key research contents in the field of educational technology. In recent years, researchers have conducted extensive and in-depth research on software models of various learning systems based on networks. Current research focuses on the following aspects: (1) learning the technical system architecture. For example, the Learning Technology System Architecture Model (ltsa) proposed by ieeeltsc [1] aims to establish a learning technology system model at a high abstraction level, defines the framework, basic concepts, and norms of the entire learning technology system, and provides a framework basis for establishing a learning technology standard system. (2) learning information models of resources and processes. For example, the Lom model provided by IEEE, the SCORM model proposed by the American ADL Research Institute, and the EML education modeling language proposed by the Dutch Open University, the objective is to implement web modularization, sharing, reuse, and interoperability among systems of learning resources. [2] (3) learning system modeling methods. For example, the RM-ODP-based modeling method proposed by Twente University in the Netherlands and the MISA teaching engineering method proposed by licef research center in Canada, the objective is to provide scientific, standardized, and effective analysis and design methods and processes for the development of learning systems, and to provide formal or graphical descriptions for software system models. This article focuses on the modeling method of the learning system.
1. System Modeling Method Based on RM-ODP (Open Distributed Processing Reference Model) System[3] [4] on the basis of the study of RM-ODP (Open Distributed Processing Reference Model), the author puts forward the method and practice of realizing the modeling of Educational Information System Based on RM-ODP system, it also provides preliminary research results in terms of system structure, modeling language, and teaching process. With the rapid development of distributed processing technology, the reference model of RM-ODP open distributed processing is to meet the needs of developing various models of complex distributed systems, A standard description and provision framework provided by international organizations for the establishment of an integrated distributed environment for various systems. Its core idea is to support open interoperability and establish distributed applications based on open distributed processing. Under the framework of RM-ODP, they establish the information-based Teaching Process Model from two different perspectives: Role and activity. They believe that in information-based teaching, the teaching process is divided into two types: closed and open. (1) closed process: a pre-defined teaching plan based on teachers. This plan will not change in the teaching process. This process is mainly reflected in mechanical learning, exercises, training, and examples. (2) Open Process: Teachers reserve a plan to some extent, and teachers and students may make a plan together during the learning process. This process is usually reflected in Learning Based on problem solving, project-based learning, learning, and other teaching activities. The implementation of the educational process in an educational organization can be described through the "educational model component. Typical components include: (1) educationalobjectives; (2) entrycondi-tins; (3) educationalactivities; (4) learning materials (learningmaterials); (5) Media and tools (mediaandtools); (6) group plan (groupschedules); (7) Timetable (timeschedules); (8) the teaching result (outcomes) is characterized by a preliminary discussion of the modeling framework, language, and process modeling of the teaching system, it provides guidance for establishing a network-based Distributed Learning System. However, it also has some defects. The major disadvantages are: (1) There is no specific modeling process due to lack of Method Guidance; (2) there is no unified modeling language system; (3) Learning System software development cannot be directly supported. 2. Misa engineering method Misa is a set of teaching engineering methods proposed by the licef research center in Canada after years of research. It is also a systematic and comprehensive software engineering method for teaching systems. According to their definition, teaching engineering refers to the analysis, design, development and release of computer-based Teaching System methods, it integrates concepts, instructional system design processes and principles, software engineering and cognitive models. The Misa method was released in version 1994 and has been developed to version 1st. The Misa method is designed to solve the analysis and design problems of the e-learning system and enable the e-learning system to have the features of interoperability, reusability, and distribution. It is based on the following principles: (1) information system methods; (2) knowledge-based design; (3) Multi-Agent Systems; (4) diversified media materials and macro design; (5) constructor teaching. The basic framework concepts of the MISA teaching system engineering method are as follows. The Misa method defines a project as six phases and four fields. The six phases are: (1) project definition; (2) Preliminary analysis; (3) framework architecture definition; (4) learning materials and resource design; (5) learning System products and validation; (6) product implementation plan. As shown in area 1. The Misa method assumes that the learning system includes two aspects: "Learning System blueprint" and "physical electronic learning system, the "Learning System blueprint" includes "Knowledge Model", "Teaching Model", and "media model". The "physical electronic learning system" includes "transfer model ". The process of the MISA method is based on its specific model. The design of the e-learning system using the MISA method requires 35 tasks. Each time a task is completed, a deliverable result is generated, similar to the analysis design document in software engineering.
I. question raised with the deep development of network technology education applications, the Planning and complexity of learning resources and learning systems are also increasing, its technical means, design ideas, and system architecture will all undergo profound changes, which puts forward new requirements for the design and development of learning resources and learning systems. The modern mainstream software engineering technology advocates model-driven methods. Models are an abstraction of the real system and a simplification of the real world. Models are an abstraction of the real system and a simplification of the real world. Most of the work of scientific research is to formally describe the problem and establish a model. "Modeling is a process that captures the essence of the system" (jamesrumbaugh, modelingcapturesessentialpartsofthesystem ). The so-called modeling is the process of "transferring the problem from the problem field to the solution field". It is the most important communication channel between users and developers. At the same time, it is also one of the most difficult steps in the entire software system development process. Therefore, how to absorb the theories and methods of software engineering on the basis of fully understanding and applying the design methods of the teaching system, it provides a set of standardized, scientific, and practical modeling methods for the design and development of information learning resources and learning platforms, it is of great practical significance to solve the problems of learning resources, imperfect design process of learning systems, and difficult to share design ideas for a long time. Ii. Overview of Software Modeling of learning systems the design and development of information learning resources and learning systems is one of the key research contents in the field of educational technology. In recent years, researchers have conducted extensive and in-depth research on software models of various learning systems based on networks. Current research focuses on the following aspects: (1) learning the technical system architecture. For example, the Learning Technology System Architecture Model (ltsa) proposed by ieeeltsc [1] aims to establish a learning technology system model at a high abstraction level, defines the framework, basic concepts, and norms of the entire learning technology system, and provides a framework basis for establishing a learning technology standard system. (2) learning information models of resources and processes. For example, the Lom model provided by IEEE, the SCORM model proposed by the American ADL Research Institute, and the EML education modeling language proposed by the Dutch Open University, the objective is to implement web modularization, sharing, reuse, and interoperability among systems of learning resources. [2] (3) learning system modeling methods. For example, the RM-ODP-based modeling method proposed by Twente University in the Netherlands and the MISA teaching engineering method proposed by licef research center in Canada, the objective is to provide scientific, standardized, and effective analysis and design methods and processes for the development of learning systems, and to provide formal or graphical descriptions for software system models. This article focuses on the modeling method of the learning system.
1. System Modeling Method Based on RM-ODP (Open Distributed Processing Reference Model) System[3] [4] on the basis of the study of RM-ODP (Open Distributed Processing Reference Model), the author puts forward the method and practice of realizing the modeling of Educational Information System Based on RM-ODP system, it also provides preliminary research results in terms of system structure, modeling language, and teaching process. With the rapid development of distributed processing technology, the reference model of RM-ODP open distributed processing is to meet the needs of developing various models of complex distributed systems, A standard description and provision framework provided by international organizations for the establishment of an integrated distributed environment for various systems. Its core idea is to support open interoperability and establish distributed applications based on open distributed processing. Under the framework of RM-ODP, they establish the information-based Teaching Process Model from two different perspectives: Role and activity. They believe that in information-based teaching, the teaching process is divided into two types: closed and open. (1) closed process: a pre-defined teaching plan based on teachers. This plan will not change in the teaching process. This process is mainly reflected in mechanical learning, exercises, training, and examples. (2) Open Process: Teachers reserve a plan to some extent, and teachers and students may make a plan together during the learning process. This process is usually reflected in Learning Based on problem solving, project-based learning, learning, and other teaching activities. The implementation of the educational process in an educational organization can be described through the "educational model component. Typical components include: (1) educationalobjectives; (2) entrycondi-tins; (3) educationalactivities; (4) learning materials (learningmaterials); (5) Media and tools (mediaandtools); (6) group plan (groupschedules); (7) Timetable (timeschedules); (8) the teaching result (outcomes) is characterized by a preliminary discussion of the modeling framework, language, and process modeling of the teaching system, it provides guidance for establishing a network-based Distributed Learning System. However, it also has some defects. The major disadvantages are: (1) There is no specific modeling process due to lack of Method Guidance; (2) there is no unified modeling language system; (3) Learning System software development cannot be directly supported. 2. Misa engineering method Misa is a set of teaching engineering methods proposed by the licef research center in Canada after years of research. It is also a systematic and comprehensive software engineering method for teaching systems. According to their definition, teaching engineering refers to the analysis, design, development and release of computer-based Teaching System methods, it integrates concepts, instructional system design processes and principles, software engineering and cognitive models. The Misa method was released in version 1994 and has been developed to version 1st. The Misa method is designed to solve the analysis and design problems of the e-learning system and enable the e-learning system to have the features of interoperability, reusability, and distribution. It is based on the following principles: (1) information system methods; (2) knowledge-based design; (3) Multi-Agent Systems; (4) diversified media materials and macro design; (5) constructor teaching. The basic framework concepts of the MISA teaching system engineering method are as follows. The Misa method defines a project as six phases and four fields. The six phases are: (1) project definition; (2) Preliminary analysis; (3) framework architecture definition; (4) learning materials and resource design; (5) learning System products and validation; (6) product implementation plan. As shown in area 1. The Misa method assumes that the learning system includes two aspects: "Learning System blueprint" and "physical electronic learning system, the "Learning System blueprint" includes "Knowledge Model", "Teaching Model", and "media model". The "physical electronic learning system" includes "transfer model ". The process of the MISA method is based on its specific model. The design of the e-learning system using the MISA method requires 35 tasks. Each time a task is completed, a deliverable result is generated, similar to the analysis design document in software engineering.
(4) OO-ID method using LS-UML, modeling language to describe the learning system software model. OO-ID method provides a UML-Based Learning System Modeling Language LS-UML, which is mainly through the UML class diagram, use case diagram and other aspects of extension to achieve, enables system modelers to analyze and describe the learning system to be developed at a higher abstract level. 2. the modeling process of OO-ID method includes several key links: "target hierarchy, teaching design, system design, component distribution design. The design method of the teaching system focuses on the analysis of the learning system, while the object-oriented method focuses on the design of the Learning System. The two stages complete the software modeling process of the learning system through continuous iteration. 3. The Modeling System View of the OO-ID method refers to the view of a system, which is a subset of the UML modeling component that expresses a certain feature of the system. Each type of view contains different models of the system, and the specific model is described by the LS-UML. The following table gives the OO-ID Modeling System (due to space reasons, the view, model, LS-UML, the diagram is not described in detail here ). Iv. Conclusion The Software Modeling Method of OO-ID learning system proposed in this paper expands the design theory and method of Educational Technology, which has important practical significance and application value. At present, the research of OO-ID learning system software modeling method is still in the preliminary stage, how to further improve the modeling method system of OO-ID, establish a set of Learning System Unified Modeling Language (LS-UML) which is more in line with the scientific norms ), developing appropriate modeling software tools, especially how to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of this modeling method in practice, is the key for future research.
