Retrospective Chinese art Design (2)

2. Review the brief History of modern western design

The shoddy industrial products at the Crystal Palace International Industrial Exposition in 1851 have provoked a John Laskin of British artists led by John ruskin,1819-1900 and via William Morris (William Morris 1834-1896), By criticizing the negative effects of the early industrial Revolution brought by mechanized mass production, they tended to return to the medieval classical handicraft. (3) The Arts and Crafts Movement (Arts and crafts), which is represented by Morris, began to advocate the idea of combining handicraft and art among the people, and put forward the slogan of artistic and practical process products to break the line between art and handicraft. Since then, a new art movement (art Nouveau) and Germany centered on the introduction of the British arts movement into the European continent, with France and Belgium as the center, have emerged, and the German Process Federation (Deutscher Werkbund) (9), which is centred on the standardization and mass production approach. Until 1919, the founder and architect of modern design education, Walter gropius,1883-1969, founded the Bauhaus Design School (Bauhaus) in Weimar, Germany, Grospius design Education from the external effects of design movement for the first time into formal internal schooling, It also marks the rise of the establishment and design of modern design education system as a subject. The Bauhaus focused on the advanced design ideas and experiences of European countries before 20th century, such as the Dutch style movement (De Stijl) and the Russian Constitutive Movement (constructivism), which advocated the new unification of art and technology, and founded the basic principles and methods of design education in the era of industrialization, It also melts into the economic content of the importance and ability to cultivate, laid the modern design in 20th century, the vanguard of the leading position, marking the old handicraft decoration thought in the next 100 years of the complete transformation. In particular, the integration of this trend and the Chicago School of America during the Second World War led to the popularity of the 50 's internationalist modernist style, which led to the extension of the modern design idea of the highly functional, so that the design education center shifted from Germany to the United States. Modern design is built on the basis of democratic thought, through standardized, high-volume production of machinery to achieve. From then on, the Western design civilization completely divorced from the ideological bondage of handicraft decoration, and entered into the matrix of modern industrial civilization, and influenced the daily necessities and lifestyles of the West. (10)

3. Chinese Art Design

From the above, a brief review of the history of Chinese arts and crafts and western modern design, we can see that China's art design in the early 20th century, is still the late 19th century, the early 20th century European arts and Crafts Movement, the new art movement under the influence of the process of the Chinese version, they become 20 The main form of Chinese art design in the early century. Visible around the creation of art activities, in the past hundred years in China has gone a pattern-arts and crafts-the road of design art. (1) Therefore, theoretically speaking, the Chinese design education has begun to take shape or nearly 20 years of things, the previous design concept only stay on the basis of the arts and Crafts borrowed, from the psychological to the method of cognition from the passive to the west to learn from the traditional handicraft and worship of the quintessence.

At the beginning of this century, the design was translated into patterns according to Japanese translation, and Japan later felt that the translation was defective and converted to katakana, which was デザイン-Dizain. And our country has long been no change in the translation, just from the pattern to the arts and crafts as a design counterpart, because the translation and the original terminology of the semantic discrepancy, only to create the understanding of the confusion of thinking.

So today, art design is a new form of compound words. The art and design and as a, is the combination of China's national conditions and the Chinese context of the product, is fully understand the emergence of modern design background and principles, a better way to explain and convey the western designs of compound words, I think basically reflects the ancestor of the Bauhaus design school ideas. From the beginning, the Bauhaus incorporated the artistic factors into the whole design education structure system, and the art and design as an indivisible organism. Art design through the design of a creative human things, beautify and enrich people's lives, affecting people's Way of life (Liuguan language), it is a matter and spirit, science and art in one of the creation activities (Li Yanzu language).

The following is a discussion of the semantics of the compound of art design from the text surface.

We are still from the art design of the first keyword art to start analysis. The Roman rhetoric of the 1th century A.D. Tillian (Quintilian) has divided art into three categories, the first category is the art of theory, such as astronomy, the second category is the art of action, such as dance; the third category is the art of the product, the art of producing finished products through some skill. (11) So the art of this third kind of product is closer to the meaning of our art design today. The Art of Ancient Greek (Texvn,) is a form of specialized skill, such as carpentry. The art of English and the Art of German (Kunst) also represent a skill and a special aptitude that can be learned rather than instinctive. (12) More than 3,000 years ago, China has already appeared the concept of art, art has been designated as a compulsory subject, such as the ancient Liuyi is refers to ritual (etiquette), music (music), shooting (martial arts), Royal (equestrian), book (calligraphy), number (arithmetic) and other six of skills. Therefore, Chinese ancient Chinese art, also contains a similar English art semantics, including skills and talent concepts. So, to sum up, the basic meaning of the word art is the skill and the means.

The concept of design was created during the Italian Renaissance, its original meaning refers to the sketch, the painting, and the development of the meaning of the later design became more extensive, but also contains the artist's mind creative thinking, so someone will be designed as: in advance in mind, in the imagination has been described as a result, And can make it become the visual object of reality through practice. (12) In the "Advanced Chinese Dictionary" is to explain the design: according to the purpose and requirements of the task, predetermined the work plan and plan, draw a pattern to solve this problem and design a specially designed patterns. Therefore, Mr. Zhang Daoyi said: "If the literal exegesis, design is the idea and plan." (13) Mr. Liuguan that design is a creative act, is to create a more reasonable way of survival (use).

To sum up, the author thought that the art design is to draw lessons from the western modern design idea and unifies the Chinese current professional background The actual situation, the combination of compound compounds, to a certain extent to better reflect the status quo of China's subject, to unified the past industrial design, interior design, packaging design, clothing design, Print advertising and today's information media, such as multiple professional focal issues. If, as in the west, only the use of the word design Dizat is bound to be the architecture, mechanics and other engineering concepts of the concept of confusion. Therefore, the title of art design is one of the most appropriate and able to solve the problem of the expression method. Of course, we also need to see the development of discipline construction, art design as a discipline it is an organism, there is the same as any natural organism with the emergence, growth, maturation and extinction of the law. For this organism's surname dispute, the author thought that it is only a symbol only, may not need this daxing text. When we understand the process of the organism's emergence and development, we will not be puzzled by the representation of the surname noun.

Art design and arts and crafts, although the product of the different stages of an organism, but branded the academic traces of several generations of intellectuals, it is worth us to compare and comb the relationship between the two.