Routing Technology: full access to router function indicators

In the vro function indicators, you should be unfamiliar with some Internet Protocol Descriptions. Generally, when using vrouters, you only care about the vro settings and configurations, as well as some IP address problems, in today's article, we will list all the router function indicators.

Routing Technology: full access to router function indicators

PPPOE support

PPP Over Ethernet is a new protocol used to authenticate and charge Ethernet Access Users. Similar to the PPP Over ATM protocol, a router device using this protocol can terminate the access service. Currently, the PPPOE and PPPOA protocols have capacity problems. Most vrouters that support this Protocol can only process thousands of active sessions.

Internet Group governance protocol (IGMP)

IGMPInternet Group Management Protocol) is an IP host used to report Group members to an adjacent multi-view router. A Multicast router sends an IGMP query to a local network. The host sends an IGMP report to respond to the query. The multicast router is responsible for forwarding multicast packets to all multicast members in the network.

Distance from the vector Multicast Routing Protocol (DVMRP)

DVMRP is a multicast routing protocol based on distance vectors, which is basically developed based on RIP. DVMRP uses IGMP to exchange route data packets with neighbors.

Protocol-Independent Multicast Protocol (PIM)

PIM is a multicast transmission protocol that can transmit multicast data over existing IP addresses. PIM is a multicast protocol independent of the routing protocol. It can work in two modes: intensive mode and loose mode. In PIM intensive mode, the packet group forwards packets to all ports by default until the packets are cut and removed. In dense mode, if the devices on all ports are multicast members, multicast packets may be used. The loose mode is opposite to the dense mode. Only multicast data is sent to the requested port.

Router function indicators: VPN support

The VPN on the IP address is described in the router technology above. Possible protocols include L2TP, GRE, IP Over IP, and IPSec. The VPN support capability should also be concerned.

Router function indicator: encryption mode

The router may use the encryptor mechanism in VPN implementation or other conditions to ensure security. A router uses a CPU to execute software algorithms, which usually affects forwarding efficiency. Some routers adopt hardware encryption to improve forwarding efficiency.

Router function indicator: MPLS

MPLS technology is described in the router technology above. In addition to label switching, MPLS also includes advanced applications such as fast rerunning, VPN in MPLS, and traffic engineering. As the MPLS standard is not yet mature, we should also pay attention to MPLS intercommunication.

Router performance, full-duplex line rate forwarding capability

The most basic and important function of a router is packet forwarding. Forwarding packets at the same port rate is the greatest test of the router packet forwarding capability. Full-duplex line rate Forwarding is based on the minimum packet length Ethernet 64 bytes and POS port 40 bytes. The minimum packet interval complies with the protocol.) bidirectional transmission on the router port does not cause packet loss. This indicator is an important indicator of vro performance.

Device Throughput

The packet forwarding capability of the entire device, which is an important indicator of the device performance. The router selects routes based on IP headers or MPLS labels, so the performance indicator is the number of forwarding packets per second. The device throughput is generally less than the sum of the throughput of all ports on the vro.

Router function indicator: port throughput

Port throughput refers to the port packet forwarding capability, which is usually measured by pps: Packets per second. It is the packet forwarding capability of the router on a port. Generally, two interfaces with the same rate are used for testing. However, the test interface may be related to the interface location and relationship. For example, the throughput tested between ports on the same plug-in card may be different from the throughput value between ports on different plug-in cards.

Number of back-to-back frames

The number of back-to-back frames refers to the number of data packets when the maximum number of data packets sent at the minimum frame interval does not cause packet loss. This indicator is used to test the router cache capability. Vrouters with full-duplex forwarding capability of Wired speed have an unlimited value.

Route table capability

A Router usually depends on the route table created and maintained to determine how to forward data. The route table capability refers to the maximum number of route table entries in a route table. Because the number of routers that execute the BGP protocol on the Internet usually has hundreds of thousands of Route entries, this project is also an important embodiment of the router capability.

Router function indicator: backplane capability

The backplane capability is the internal implementation of the router. The backplane capability can be reflected in the router throughput: The backplane capability is generally greater than the value calculated based on the throughput and test package location. However, the backplane capability can only be reflected in the design and cannot be tested.

Packet Loss Rate

Packet Loss Rate refers to the ratio of the number of lost data packets in the test to the number of sent data packets, which is usually tested within the throughput range. Packet loss rate is related to the packet length and packet sending frequency. In some environments, route jitter and a large number of routes can be added for testing.

Router function indicator: latency

Latency refers to the time interval between the first bit of a data packet entering the router and the last bit output from the router. In testing, a test instrument is usually used to issue a test package to the time interval at which the data packet is received. Latency is related to the length of data packets. Generally, it is tested within the throughput range of the router port. If the throughput is exceeded, this indicator is meaningless.

Latency Jitter

Latency jitter refers to latency changes. The data service is not sensitive to latency jitter, so this indicator is not used in the Benchmarking test. This indicator is necessary only when multiple services on the IP address, including voice and video services, appear.

VPN support

Generally, vrouters support VPN. The performance difference is generally reflected in the number of VPN supported. Vrouters generally support a large number of VPNs. No-fault working time. This indicator indicates the time when the device is not working in accordance with the statistical method. Generally, it cannot be tested. It can be calculated based on the fault-free working time of the main device or the working conditions of a large number of identical devices.

Internal clock precision

Vro interconnection with ATM ports for circuit simulation or POS ports usually needs to be synchronized. If an internal clock is used, its precision will affect the bit error rate. For the definition of the internal clock precision level and the test method, see the corresponding synchronization standard.

QoS capability and queue Governance Mechanism

The queue governance control mechanism usually refers to the router congestion governance mechanism and queue scheduling algorithm. Common methods include RED, WRED, WRR, DRR, WFQ, and WF2Q.

Router function indicator: Number of port hardware queues

Generally, the priority supported by routers is guaranteed by the port hardware queue. The priority of each queue is controlled by the queue scheduling algorithm. QoS classification means that the router can distinguish the information based on QoS. The simplest QoS classification can be based on ports. Likewise, a router can distinguish packet priority based on the link layer priority 802.1Q), the upper layer content TOS field, source address, Destination Address, source port, destination port, and other information.

Classified service bandwidth guarantee

Whether the router can guarantee the bandwidth of various service levels. This indicator can be implemented by queue scheduling algorithms.