SAP financial accounting (FI) Terminology

Master Data of general ledger accounts:
Business transactions must be recorded and managed through accounts. In R/3, you need to create a master record for each account, which includes information that controls the input and data processing of business transactions.

Accounting subject:
Is a list of the master records of all general ledger accounts in the R/3 system. It can be one or more companies.Code. In the accounting subject, each primary record consists of the account number, account name, and control information.
In Fi, you can set up multiple accounting teams as needed within a group. If different company codes engage in different industries, or are in different countries or have different structures, you can classify the accounting subject based on your needs and set up multiple accounting subjects. However, if you do not need to classify the accounting subject, different company codes can also use the same set of accounting subject.
In the system, each company's code must be assigned an accounting subject. Therefore, a group of companies must have at least one accounting unit.

Level of master data for general ledger accounts:
The master data of a general ledger is divided into two levels:
A) accounting subject surface:
The accounting subject can be used for one or more company codes. This level includes information that applies to the master records of all company codes that use the accounting subject.
B) company code layer:
This level includes information specific to the accounting objective applicable to a company's code. It varies with company code.
Accounting subjects can be maintained at two levels or centrally.

Category of accounting subjects:
In R/3, accounting subjects are classified into two categories: Assets and Liabilities and profit and loss. The asset and liability categories correspond to our original three types of subjects: asset, debt, and equity. The profit and loss categories correspond to the original cost and profit and loss categories.
Features of profit and loss accounts:
Before creating a profit and loss subject in the accounting subject, you need to determine the remaining income subject to which the profit and loss are transferred. The system is designed with a specialProgramThe profit and loss amount of the profit and loss account is automatically transferred to this account. Therefore, the number of the remaining income account must be defined in the system.
Each Profit and Loss subject must be allocated to a retention income subject.

Sort code:
In the supplier line project of the accounting credential, the system defaults the 'location' field. It also determines the order of projects on the supplier line. If the supplier is mainly engaged in business related to the purchase order, generally select 014-purchase order number + line project number. In other cases, select the billing date + credential number.

Account group:
In order to simplify the creation of accounting subjects and avoid errors, determine the screen and number range of accounts to be entered, and group the accounts into account groups. The account group defines each set of accounting subject and determines the field status required by the accounting subject.
When creating a master record in the accounting subject, you must specify an account group.

Field status group:
Based on business needs, the field States required to generate accounting creden。 (optional, mandatory, or hidden) are grouped and called field status groups. In the master record of a general ledger account, you need to allocate the field status component to each general ledger account.

Unified account:
Is a concept in financial accounting. YesRefers to the general ledger account that is automatically updated into the general ledger for transactions that occur in detailed accounts (such as customer accounts, supplier accounts, and asset ledger ).. There are three types of accounts: Customer unified account, supplier unified account, and asset unified account.

Unsettled Items Management:
A project in an account can be settled or written off by other projects in the account. The total amount of the items involved in the process of clearing or writing off the account must be zero. Therefore, the account balance is always equal to the total amount of items that have not been cleared.

Line Project and line project display:
C) Line Project:
An independent item in a credential, that is, a credential item, which should include the amount, account number, debit or credit, and other related information that should be recorded as determined by business transactions.
D) line project display:
Display of line items of one or more accounts. The premise for displaying row projects is that such accounts should be managed in the form of row project display. For a customer or supplier account, it is preset. For a general ledger account, it must be set in the main account record.

Automatic posting:
In the system, some services automatically generate accounting creden。 and automatically count. For example, inventory warehouse receiving and picking business, VAT Export Tax and import tax. Whether a subject is automatically posted is set in the account master record.
Reference credential:
It is a reference credential used for posting to accounting creden. It can be used for quick entry, and accounting creden or sample creden can be used as reference creden.

Credential type:
It consists of two English letters, which are used to classify creden。 and control the overall information of creden。, such as the creden number and account type.

Billing code:
It consists of two Arabic characters to control the line items entered by the creden。, such as account type, debit posting or credit posting, and screen layout. 15. Line Project:
In a simple project, the credential information is part of the credential. It usually includes the amount, billing code, account, borrower, and so on.

Special General Ledger logo:
Take payables as an example. To make accounts payable, prepaid accounts, bills payable, and other accounting for a supplier at the same time, the accounts payable is used as the basic subject of the supplier, other general ledger accounts are distinguished by different special general ledger signs.

Depreciation scope:
A) The depreciation scope makes it possible to calculate the parallel valuation of assets for different purposes (such as book depreciation and cost accounting depreciation, define all necessary depreciation periods and value for each asset based on the depreciation scope. Since the system has no limits on the allowable depreciation range, parallel valuation will also be indefinite.
B) the balance sheet value and depreciation value of individual depreciation ranges can be recorded in their own accounts in financial accounting.
C) each company code requires at least one depreciation range to record the book value.

Asset category:
A) assets are allocated to an asset category when they are created.
B) asset classification provides subject determination.
C) The range of asset numbers is attached to the asset category.
The asset screen is defined in the asset classification level.

Internal Order:
The difference between a purchase and a sales order is a virtual concept order used within the company. It usually exists in management accounting and is mainly used to reduce costs.

Capital investment internal orders:
An internal order. Differences from other internal orders with indirect charges are generally used in the preparation of the annual fixed assets plan. An internal capital investment order is the annual fixed asset purchase budget of the corresponding department. The order amount is the budget.

Order Type:
The name of the pre-set order type in the system. Different Orders correspond to their respective order types. The order type controls the field status, encoding range, encoding rules, and order status settings of an order.

Purchase order:
It is a formal document for purchasing goods from a supplier. Is one of the important documents of the SAP system procurement module. The purchase order contains the title and line items. The title information includes information about the suppliers, procurement organizations, and procurement groups that take effect for the entire order. The line project contains the details of the purchased goods, this includes the code of the purchased item, the quantity of the purchased item, the price, the place where the goods are received, and the place where the goods are received. A purchase order can contain any number of line projects.

Procurement application:
The application for purchasing goods is mainly used within the company and is an informal purchase document. The purchase application includes the header and line item, and the header includes the application type. The line project includes the number and quantity of the purchased item, excluding the supplier and price information, when you convert a purchase application to a purchase order, you need to set the supplier and purchase price.

Shipping according to purchase order:
Goods receipt for purchase orders. When receiving the goods, the system calls the information of the purchase order, and the information inconsistent with the order cannot be transferred to the system.

Receipt transfer:
The receipt system shows that the accounting credential is generated when the receipt is normal. Accounting creden。 correspond to accounting processing and are automatically generated. No accounting creden。 are generated for the receipt of fixed assets.

capitalization:
capitalization refers to the accounting date for the purchase of fixed assets. Generally, manual input is not required and can be automatically taken out by the accounting service.