Simple and practical Ubuntu

1 in the time of the partition is also a certain ingenuity, according to the characteristics of the disk, we know that the more the cylinder outside the disk, the faster the rotation, and each rotation, the disk read and write head can cover more areas, it means that the external cylinder can be better performance. Therefore, when partitioning, we should consider the high frequency of access to the system can affect the relatively large partition on the disk by the external points. The best solution from the outside to the inside should be:

/boot->swap->/home->/var->/tmp->/srv->/opt->/usr->/usr/local->/

2. Because Ubuntu Linux presets are normal users, only Root has the highest right to use, we enter "Sudo-sh" to press ENTER, and then enter the password can be converted to root.

Using the parameters "shutdown" and "-H now" will be able to meet the need to perform the shutdown immediately.

To set the shutdown action after 10 minutes, refer to the command "Shutdown-h +10"

Use the instructions "shutdown-h +3" and use "" "and" "" wrap the information string to be displayed to the user, such as: "the System will shutdown after...". Information content can be freely defined, but the string must be entered in English-based, otherwise it will show garbled.

The instruction used is still "shutdown" but the parameter will be replaced with "-R" from "-H", and to restart the computer immediately, use the command "Shutdown-r now"
If the system is to restart the computer at 7:15 on today's night, the general "&" string refers to putting the work into the background to perform, as long as the demand is reached through the command "Shutdown-r 19:15", so that there is no need to hang a terminal window. But cannot do any work, its instruction is "Shutdownn-r 19:15 &". Will respond to a "[1] 4905" message, where "4905" represents the program code (process Id), which can be used through the system command "PS aux | grep 4905 "lists the system instructions being executed.

Terminate task mode:

(1) Before the task can be executed, the keyboard combination of "CTRL" + "C" will be interrupted

(2) obtain its program number and use the command kill to interrupt it "kill PID"

How do I know how to use the instructions?

(1) Shutdown instruction, when do not know how to use this command, directly enter the instruction, if the command requires a specific parameter to be able to operate, it will automatically list the parameter description.

(2) "Man" command. For example: Enter "man shutdown

Description of the window operation

(1) When the "File system" icon is double-clicked, the window with the "/" directory will be opened, and all the files and data contained in the window are the file system with Ubuntu Linux.

(2) Just right-click in the blank of the desktop and select Replace desktop background.

The same network segment

There are three computers, each with at least one network card, and are interconnected via network lines and the same hub. And each level of the internal private IP address of the first three digits are "192.168.2.x" so these computers can be installed through the suite to view the shared files. after the necessary packages and network environment are ready, you can click "Network" in the "Computer" folder of the desktop, when the network is opened, you will see all the same network segments of the computer host, which also contains the Windows operating system computer host.

3. Structure of the Gnu/linux directory

　　

More Important Directory Descriptions:

　　

4. Code of the Hardware device

In Gnu/linux all hardware devices can be viewed as a file to operate. Application software as long as the control of the file to how to operate, without having to control the actual operation of the hardware. The connection between the file that represents the device and the hardware that actually operates is the Gnu/linux kernel need to be responsible.

(1) hard disk IDE

For IDE hard drives, people who often assemble computers should know that there are up to two IDE slots on the motherboard, and each slot can be connected to two hard drives. The first slot on the motherboard is Idel (Primary), the second slot is IDE2 (secondary), each slot can be connected to two hard disks one is master, the other is slave, to how to determine the hard disk on the jumper to know.

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Simple and practical Ubuntu