Size differences of Arctic Marine protists between, climate periods-using the paleoecological record to assess the Impo Rtance of within-species trait variation

Ecology and Evolution, personally think this periodical point is not high, but belong to the mainstream periodicals. Literature: mousing, E. A. et al. SizeDifferences of Arctic Marine protists between both climate periods-using the paleoecological record to assess the Importanc E of within-species trait variation. Ecol Evol 7,3–13. Http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ece3.2592/full Problem Solving,

• Research indicator: Size, which is a very basic biological trait;
• Research materials: Arctic Marine protists, Arctic aquatic protozoa; Rin] [' pro?t?st]
• Research ideas: between-climate periods, there is a comparison of the conclusion, different times of environmental differences, not the past space replacement time;
• Research methods: Using the Paleoecological record, ancient ecological records, should refer to fossils;
• Research purposes: to assess the importance of within-species trait variation, assessing the importance of intra-species variability.

Summary

Mean body size decreases with increasing temperature in a variety of organisms. This size–temperature relationship have generally been tested through space but rarely through time.This is the background, as the temperature rises, the shape of the organism decreases (the colder the climate, the larger the size, the smaller the surface area, the less heat). This relationship is validated on a spatial scale, but rarely on a time scale. The background of this study determines that the level of this article will not be very high. We analyzed the sedimentary [? ɑrka?v] of dinoflagellate cysts in a sediment record taken from the West Greenland Shelf and show that mean cell size Decreas Ed at both Intra-and interspecific scales in a period of relatively warm temperatures, compared with a period of relative Ly cold temperatures. This is the research content, dinoflagellate (lumbar giardia) should be a class of protozoa, it has a fossil record in the sedimentary rocks. We further show that intraspecific changes accounted for more than 70% of the "change" in community mean size, whereas s Hifts in species composition is accounted for about 30% of the observed.Mutation mainly exists in species 70%. literature values on size ranges and midpoints for individual taxa were in several cases not representative for the Me Asured sizes, although changes in community mean size, calculated from literature values, did capture the direction of Cha Nge.Data collected by the literature can also reflect a general trend, but not representative, or why I do this research. (After all, there is no data on the data of the community, instead of the average, I wonder where the composition of the community structure comes from?). ) While the results show, intraspecific variation is necessary to accurately estimate the magnitude of change in PR Otist community mean size, it may be possible to investigate general patterns, that's relative size differences, using in Terspecific-level estimates.The variation of intra-species is important for size difference, which is more important than the change of community structure.

, the left is the temperature, the right is the species composition

It's a few native creatures under the microscope.

Number statistics, the size distribution of each of the above two figures. The literature is not read carefully, combined contains all the individuals; literature from other studies

The main view is data analysis

Changes in community mean size can is caused by both

Changes in community structure, which is, species shifts (interspecific changes),

and changes in the cyst size of individual species, which is, phenotypic plasticity (intraspecific changes).

The following is very fine, first to the individual unit for the mean value, do bad is to get the total variation, and then the species as a unit for the mean, do not get the difference between the species, the idea and the population genetics of the inter-species differentiation is consistent, the following steps to understand well.

In order to assess the relative importance of intraspecific vs. Interspecific changes, we first calculated the weighted Co Mmunity mean size including the influence of both Intra-and interspecific changes (xintra+inter) for each period Following equation 1:

(1)

Whereøobs is individual observations of cyst diameter and wObs is the weight of each observation given by Equat Ion 2.

(2)

where NSPE is the number of observations of each species and wspe are the weight of each species given by Equation 3.

(3)

where NSPE is the number of cysts of each species and N are the total number of cysts (as in Figure 2b).

We then calculated the weighted community mean size excluding intraspecific changes (xInter) for each period fo Llowing equation 4.

(4)

Whereøavg is the mean cyst size for each species across both periods and Wspe are the weight of each species in E Ach period. The relative contribution of Intra-and interspecific changes to total change can and be calculated following equations ( 5)-(7).

(5)(6)(7)

Whereδxintra+inter is the size change attributed to the combined effects of Intra-and interspecific changes, an DδxInter andδxIntra is the contribution of interspecific and intraspecific changes toδxintr A+inter.

Finally, the T-Test, this research does not use how advanced data analysis means.

In addition to the weighted mean, we also calculated the weighted standard deviation and standard error of the mean. A Welch two-sample weighted t-test (Bland & Kerry, 1998) was used to assess the difference in the weighted me An between the periods.

Learning statistics, heavy responsibilities

Size differences of Arctic Marine protists between II climate periods-using the paleoecological record to assess the I Mportance of within-species trait variation