Software Project Management FAQ analysis (1)

My original dream is from 51cmm.

At present, many software development companies have implemented the ISO quality management system, and more companies have passed the corresponding level of CMM Software maturity certification. The software integrates some of the ideas and technologies of project management when developing the ISO quality management system.
With the help or constraints of the ISO quality management system or CMM, the project can be implemented step by step according to the prescribed process. However, the ISO system focuses on quality management (process-based quality assurance). In the early stage, the ISO system focuses more on the manufacturing industry, while CMM focuses on the software development process.
None of the key process domains are specific to the entire scope of project management, such as overall, scope, progress, human resources, costs, communication, risks, procurement, etc, even if involved, various quality requirements are ensured by grasping the process within the professional scope. In addition to the process rules
Relevant project parties use the project management knowledge, tools, and the wisdom of the collective and the individual to make the project management better, so as to ensure that the project is completed on time and with the minimum amount of time and resources.

Recently, through several "project management knowledge trainings", I systematically studied the basics of project management and project management practices, and mastered the necessary knowledge of application of project management in system integration. Based on the learned project management knowledge, we can compare the common problems in our original project management work.
See the problem, use the project management knowledge for analysis, and propose solutions. We hope you will gradually improve our project management work. These solutions are limited by my knowledge and work experience and can only serve as a reference.

To analyze the problems that need to be improved in current project management, you can consider the following roles: Project Manager, project team member, company administrator, marketing personnel, and customer.

Problem 1: lack of Project Management System Training

Related objects: project managers and management personnel

Problem description: The project manager has less or less system training in project management. Project managers or management personnel do not understand the knowledge system and some common tools and methods of project management. Therefore, they do not have the guidance of project management knowledge in actual work and rely entirely on their existing knowledge and skills, casual Management
And blindness. Some students said: "After these courses, I learned so much about project management ." For example, how to use the work breakdown structure to make the project work scope clearer, how to sort the activities, estimate the project progress, and how to develop the project progress plan
The earned value method is used to track the project progress. The project manager's responsibilities and essential qualities, abilities, and work methods are required. How to Choose based on various organizational structures and their advantages and disadvantages, how to conduct qualitative and quantitative analysis on risks and so on will be quickly applied to practical work through the preliminary understanding of this training
In progress.

Question Comment: In software enterprises, there were almost no project management professionals recruited to serve as project managers (or even few management professionals ), the appointed project managers are mainly because they are technically independent, and lack of management knowledge, especially in project management. Because
This project manager is required to receive systematic project management knowledge training. with professional knowledge and practice, in addition, the organic combination of project management knowledge and practice and general management knowledge and experience will greatly improve the project management level of the Project Manager.

Solution: implement the project manager knowledge and skills qualification assessment system, so that the project manager can consciously learn the knowledge of project management and some common tools and methods.

Question 2: Project Planning awareness

Related objects: Project Manager

Problem description: The project manager has insufficient knowledge about the role of the overall plan and Stage Plan. The project manager believes that the plan is not as fast as the change, and there are many uncertainties in the project. Planning is a process that passes through, so the overall plan is relatively casual and many things are not carefully considered; the phase plan has been approved for busy work and other reasons
Frequent delays lead to disconnections between planning and control management, and failure to effectively manage progress control.

Question comment: the progressive details are the characteristics of the project, but this does not mean that you do not need to plan. A project without a plan or an arbitrary and irresponsible plan is an uncontrollable project. In the high-tech industry, rapid development is the main feature. Therefore, the plan must be formulated under certain conditions and assumptions.
It is constantly improved in the form of progressive details. For example, the secondary WBS method can be used for the work breakdown structure of relatively large software development projects. That is, the overall WBS divided according to the overall phase and the secondary WBS specially designed for the detailed design or encoding phase. This is partly because
The granularity is often rough at the beginning, so the estimation error range for the overall project scale based on function points is also relatively large. The more important reason is that the requirement is often not the accurate basis for coding decomposition, because the functional points of a requirement may correspond to multiple code modules, while the functional points of multiple requirements
It may also correspond to only one or a few code modules, and software reuse and other factors need to be considered. Therefore, only after the preliminary design is complete can the secondary WBS of the detailed design or coding stage be obtained accurately, based on the rational division of the Code module, the secondary WBS can be obtained in the detailed design and coding phase.
To the test stage, it can effectively grasp and control the progress. The requirements or design of some projects are not detailed enough to serve as a reference for the decomposition, balanced allocation, and Progress Management of work tasks. This should be improved in a timely manner.

The planning process is a process of gradually understanding the project. By carefully preparing the plan, the Project Manager can know which elements are clear and which elements should be clearer, continuously improve the project plan through the progressive details. The work reports included in the phase plan and the work arrangements for the next phase are as follows:
The progress of the project can be clearly displayed only when the project progress is established and compared with the overall plan. The planning process is also a process of balancing progress, resources, and scope. The essence of planning is not to write a good-looking document, but to use your wisdom
Respond to various problems and risks and make proactive thinking as much as possible. Once the plan is completed responsibly, he can give himself a basis for communication and negotiation with the management layer or the customer to help you prevent various problems during the project process, it helps you ensure that the project is completed on time.

Solution: improve the project manager's planning awareness, use the project plan to develop relevant knowledge, technology, and tools, and enhance the development plan and Stage Plan effectiveness before and after the evaluation.

Question 3: management awareness

Related objects: Project Manager

Problem description: Some project managers are not aware of their project manager roles. they manage the entire project in general, but are immersed in specific technical work, the project team members are busy and idle, and the schedule is not weekly, tasks are uneven, and resources are wasted.

Question Comment: In software enterprises, most project managers are technical backbones and have profound technical knowledge, the skills and quality required for project management need to be supplemented and improved, and the project management experience needs to be enriched. Some project managers do not
The technical staff of server management do not have good management methods, so they have to do their jobs that are difficult to arrange. In addition, due to the rationality of the work breakdown structure design, project tasks cannot be effectively and reasonably allocated to relevant members to achieve "Load Balancing ". Therefore, it is best for the technical backbone to be a Project Manager
Through systematic project management knowledge, especially human resource management and communication management, and continuously improve the quality of management in actual work, enrich project management experience, improve project management awareness.

Solution: Strengthen the project management training, and guide the project manager to better manage the project through reasonable setting and publicity of assessment indicators.

Question 4: Communication Awareness

Related Personnel: Project Manager and project team member

Problem description: Some important information in the project is not fully and effectively communicated. Insufficient communication with relevant personnel in planning, feedback, briefing, technical issues or achievements, resulting in various tasks, repetitive work, and even unnecessary losses; some do not receive emails regularly on a daily basis.
So that you cannot receive the latest information in time.

Question comment: Project Communication Management points out: "managers need to spend 70% of their time communicating with people, while project managers need to spend 90% or more of their time communicating ". Similar to Issue 3, most of the project managers in software enterprises are technical backbones, and the members of the project team are also high-tech personnel.
", All have" starting from professional or academic, work autonomy, self-appreciation, self-centered "and other common characteristics. Therefore, the main factors that impede communication are "feelings and attitudes", that is, the problems of communication consciousness and habits. In the implementation phase of the system or the trial run phase of software development
Basically, employees work continuously on the customer side. In this case, communication is very easy to ignore. Project Teams and organizations, project teams and project team members, or even different members of the same project team, may be in different places, if there is not enough sense of communication and communication systems and tools,
This may cause poor information and increase the risk of project failure. Even within the company, timely communication should be implemented. Therefore, the project manager should not only focus on communication, but also be good at communication, but also guide and agree to the entire project team for timely and full communication.

Solution: an effective communication system and communication mechanism should be established to inform incidents caused by lack of communication as lessons to improve communication awareness. communication methods should be diversified based on content, pay attention to efficient communication; the responsibility for losses caused by the failure to receive emails in a timely manner is stipulated by the System
Important content should be effectively communicated in multiple ways to ensure that the communication is in place, such as phone reminders and receipts in addition to sending emails, important content should also be communicated through various meetings.

Question 5: risk management awareness

Related Personnel: Project Manager

Problem description: The project manager does not fully analyze possible risks, so it is easy to consider risk strategies. When planning a project, the project manager often does not have a special risk management plan document, but merges it into the project plan. Some project managers are not fully aware of the importance of risk management.
The chapter of risk management in the book deals with things, lists several risks at will, and writes some simple countermeasures at will, which does not play a guiding role in risk prevention.

Problem comment: project risk management is a process of planning, identifying, estimating, evaluating, coping with and monitoring the potential unexpected losses of the project, and is an active control method for the project objectives. Take the initiative to create conditions, expand the favorable results of risks as much as possible, and ensure safe and reliable implementation at the minimum cost.
Object. Therefore, project risk management is very important to ensure the implementation of the project objectives.

Solution: Learn the project management knowledge to master the necessary knowledge of risk identification, quantification, Countermeasure Research, and response control tools and methods. Improve the risk management awareness of the project team by strengthening the Audit of the risk management plan in the Project Plan. Summarize common risks of projects in this industry
As necessary risk content in the risk management plan, and effectively evaluate the effectiveness and feasibility of the corresponding countermeasures