Some concepts that Linux novices know about before they enter the door

Preface: This article is a combination of their own from the beginning of the white to learn Linux to work with the Linux system, to novice how to understand the point of view of the Linux system, hoping to learn Linux for beginners to bring some help.

Intro: with the continuous updating of Internet technology, the enterprise's demand for system services, Linux system gradually formed the trend of IT industry. High efficiency of the command, not accounting for hardware resources, system open source and so on in the server system, also become IT staff learning new technology platform object.

for people with IT industry experience, getting used to some language, Linux learning is not difficult. For beginners who do not have any experience with the Linux system interface (including the installation system) may need a large half a day, Linux has been popular server, many novice want to learn Linux is not strange. Compared to some other IT industry technology, Linux entry difficulty is high (Linux is not called the "heavenly book" is not white), when the real understanding of command use including parameter variables, but Linux becomes simple, each technology has a set of its own routines, when understand how to use these routines, Naturally, you can use it conveniently.

The following is a comparison of Linux systems, brought into Windows and Linux two systems, allowing new students to understand and differentiate the operation and use and definition of Linux systems.

If there is no place to forget.

Text: Linux system:Linux is also a set of operating systems , Hardware resources occupy small , command Operation , system service Perfect , system Open source , processing flexibility and stability and other advantages are widely used on the server , (mail server, Web server, SQL Server, DNS server, etc.), Linux is also a lot of distributions ( Debian,ubuntu,centos, Red Hat, etc. ). The main operation of Linux is the command line , using the terminal link tool to connect the server to the operating system (PUTTY,CRT , etc.). L

Linux operation concept : This is the most important, no Linux operation will not be able to continue to understand the Linux system through its own operation, including directory structure , command use and so on. Everyone's first contact with the computer system is windows, including learning it technology is also used Windwos, directly on the desktop with the mouse operation, intuitive display of their own content, I need to run the program double-click, need to go to which folder inside the mouse click into the disk layer of a layer to select, Until you reach the folder you want, read which document directly double-click to run, and so on a series of actions as long as the mouse can be completed, of course, Windwos also have a place to enter commands, such as we use Ping an IP address, open run cmd Into the DOS interface, Command prompt input ping.192.168.1.1 is a command, relative to the Windows DOS command, it is not applicable, no mouse-pointing operation to fast, but when we execute a program or a large file will encounter the process suddenly stuck, hardware full load situation, the system crash problem, this shows that Windows is suitable for a Human use, not suitable for large data processing on the server.Linux systems also have desktops, the desktop does a more perfectUbuntu version of this release, but compared to Windows, Linux Desktop is not perfect, after all, Linux as a service system,command line is the biggest advantage, can be efficient and stable execution of a program or document, etc., only need a command to quickly reach the directory I need (in Linux folders called directories), these command operations directory are described in the follow-up, This part of the main understanding of the Linux system with commands to operate the concept, complete system optimization, and want to really use the Linux system, it is necessary to discard the concept of the mouse, with the keyboard with the command line to operate .

Linux distributions : Even if you want to learn and operate a Linux system, choose a release version, what is a release , "can be understood as a system for every upgrade, or another set of systems developed based on native systems. "It's a release." Get familiar with Windows says that windows98,windows2000,windowsxp,windowsvista,win7,win10, including Windows Server server systems, each has a relevant release version. So the distribution of Linux, take more commonly used (here is commonly used in the production environment and development environment most commonly used),ubuntu,debian,centos,redhat.

Ubuntu: One of the most popular free distributions in Linux, perfect for desktops and personal applications , as a server , free open source , A lot of development is also focused on Ubuntu as a platform, because of this, but also for beginners to learn Linux as the most important release, desktop and application Novice can be a good transition from Windows to Linux, the initial understanding of Linux is a great help. Ubuntu:https://www.ubuntu.com/download/alternative-downloads

Debian: more suitable for a release version of the server, Ubuntu is based on a release version of Debian, the system is stable, the understanding of Linux has a deeper technical requirements, for the novice is not suitable for learning a set of releases.

Redhat: After listening to Linux, you will know the release of Red Hat, the degree of fame is not specific, the official designation of Linux. RHCE Certification, the official Linux Enterprise System Management Learning document, the most comprehensive official support, many enterprises choose as a release version of the server. Due to the official technical services, Redhat need to charge, free (Community Edition) does not provide patch updates and technical services, encountered problems need to resolve themselves.

CentOS: So far the enterprise as a server with one of the most free release, can be said to be Redhat derived from the Community version (free), superior performance, free open source, operation and stability , Get everyone's favor, with the Linux update CentOS updated, suitable for learning Linux naming to install the release version. Centoshttps://wiki.centos.org/download.

Choose to learn the release version of Linux, which is divided into two types of requirements. First: If it is other technical need to involve linux,ubuntu can be satisfied, focus on to understand the use of Ubuntu. Second: If it is System management, and server optimization, and so on, centos appropriate to go deep learning, after all, command line is the essence of Linux . In short, regardless of which release version, the bottom command is the same, the most important skilled use, so as to integrate through

Partitioning and directory of Linux systems : Why do you say Linux partitions and directories,partitions and directories are the foundation of Linux, when operating a Linux system, all the time is under a directory. What is the directory of Linux? Let's start with the Windows,windos system we know there are a lot of system disk "C,d,e,f" and so on, we open each disk will see a lot of various folders, some folders also have folders, text, etc., including we create a new folder, or a folder that produces many programs when you install a program. The above mentioned cdef is the partition of Windows, then the folder is a directory of Windows (Windows does not have a directory concept, here as a comparative understanding), this is the structure of the Windows system. So how do the partitions and directories in Linux understand?Linux installation is completed with only one "/" (root) as a partition, Linux does not have the concept of c,d,e disk, you can understand that "/" is a C disk,then each directory under the "/" root is the directory where the system files are stored(Windows folder, Linux is the directory, although the meaning of the same, but do not confuse), then in the WinDOS we can create a D-disk e-disk and other partitions to hold other files, Linux only a "/" as a partition can also create additional partitions, the answer is yes,Linux creates partitions in the form of mounts, I create a new test directory under/root, format the unallocated disk into the Linux system file format ETX (now upgrade to ETX3,ETX4), mount the formatted disk to the test directory by Mount Command, Then our access to the test directory is actually access to our newly mounted disk, although test is in the/root directory, do not worry about the capacity of the/directory, this is the Linux partition and directory,The Linux file system is a tree-shaped directory state, when you understand the definition, you can use the command.

Just use the familiar Windows to compare with Linux, so you can get a faster understanding of the Linux partition and file system structure. in Linux only the directory does not have a folder , only/root and mounted disk , no c,d,e disk, this concept must be divided clearly.

Summary: these are just the basis of the Linux Foundation, the premise of these basic understanding, so as to step-by-step, I also from the novice to step up the walk, wherein the pain believe that many beginners will encounter, so play these foundations, in the follow-up command learning will be simple and easy a lot. In order to less detours, beginners if is to learn commands, Ubuntu as a transition, understand Linux its system files, and some basics, it is recommended to use the CentOS Learning command. Book words, "bird Brother's Private food" this book to play a good foundation of Linux, very suitable for beginners, but not recommended to read all, when familiar with some of the basic commands, including commands and parameters to use, you can change read "Linux so Learn", this book for the command, efficiency fast. Video, the old section of the video that takes you to learn about Bird's-brother Linux, speaks very well, can be combined to read. At the same time can be in a forum to learn more about some of the linuxd knowledge is most complementary.

Follow-up will bring the use of each command, Linux basic management, etc., a series of articles. If you are interested, you can join LINUXQ group 5,794,762,801 to learn about

Some concepts that Linux novices know about before they enter the door