Starting to know the BIOS __ios

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starts today with some knowledge about the BIOS. Starting from the basics, I have not been able to fully absorb, complete mastery. Let's start today's review. The concept of the
BIOS (Basic input Ouput system), which should be the first. A few of its basic meanings, first of all, is a set of programs that are solidified on the computer hardware (the motherboard), it is the bridge between the computer hardware and software, provides the lowest level and the most direct hardware control for the computer, and is responsible for detecting the computer when it starts, initializing the system equipment, loading the operating system and dispatching the instructions issued by the operating system to the hardware. A lot of things, how to quickly understand it. is a set of programs that communicate software and hardware, and our most direct understanding of it is the post (power on System Test) feature, and when the computer is powered on, the BIOS verifies all of its internal devices, including CPU, memory, read-only memory, system board, CMOS memory, Parallel and serial communication subsystem, floppy disk and hard disk subsystem, and keyboard. After the self-test is completed, the system will look for the operating system on the specified drive and mount the operating system to memory.
What are the basic features of the BIOS? Includes BIOS interrupt service program, BIOS System Setup program, post, BIOS system boot bootstrap program, etc.
What is the classification of the BIOS? Sermon this place, relatively speaking, a little bit thin, not according to the book that is written, just according to the brand classification. Here are six kinds of classifications. Here is a description of it.
1. According to the carrier (BIOS chip) classification, mainly experienced five stages bar. First is ROM (read only Memory) read-only memory, this is the first generation of the BIOS, then the prom (programmable ROM) programmable memory, and then the EPROM (Erase programmable RoM) erasable Write card programming memory, to this generation, the BIOS should say that the development of the already can, but the limit of the number of erase, there appears the EEPROM (electrically  erasable programmable ROM) Electronic

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erasable programmable memory, also known as the e-square ROM. With the development of technology, Flash ROM also began to be used by the vast number of manufacturers, so now many of the market are Flash ROM.
2. According to the BIOS chip capacity to classify. In the 486 era, are 512K BIOS ROM, after Pentium, began to switch to 1M ROM, after P4, more and more is 2----4M of
3. According to the BIOS brand classification, there are mainly three kinds of brand bios in the market. The Ami,award,phoenix,ami BIOS is used in early models prior to 486 and is characterized by good adaptability to a variety of hardware and software. Award BIOS is currently widely used in the brand, its features are complete, supporting many new hardware. Phoenix is mainly used in laptops, now Phoenix Company has merged with award, many motherboard BIOS will appear phoenix--award bios, so it should not be surprising to see this type of BIOS.
4. In accordance with the classification of chip packaging, DIP and PLCC, this place I still can not specifically explain what is meant to be, only from the intuitive point of view, one is a double row of the straight, one is surrounded by a solder pin chip, which, when the DIP to identify the time to pay attention to, It is soldered through the entire motherboard or board card.
5. According to the ROM chip manufacturer classification, Winbond (Taiwan State), INTEL, ATMEL, SST, mxic and other manufacturers
6. According to the BIOS usage classification, motherboard BIOS, video card bios, NIC BIOS, SCSI interface card BIOS, disk drive BIOS, etc.
for common BIOS chip models, the capacity of the production company that can recognize the BIOS if you see it. Here, just their own memory methods, the first few letters often represent the company, such as AM, on behalf of AMD, capacity, this place, I find it difficult to explain to myself, for example, atmel29c020, which represents the Atmel production of 2M capacity of the BIOS chip.

When the BIOS is finished, start thinking about a problem, since it's a program and where it should be stored. The thought of this problem will have to speak about CMOS. The
CMOS (complementary metal-oxide Semiconductor) is characterized by its high speed, extremely low power consumption, good anti-jamming performance, and function: Save the parameter data set by the BIOS. Capacity: 128Byte or 256Byte, information maintenance: dry cell or rechargeable lithium battery.
There is a word about the BIOS and CMOS comparison:
BIOS is the means to complete the parameters, is a program, CMOS is the system parameters of the storage site, is the RAM chip can read and write.
OK, here, also calculate the BIOS began to have a relatively preliminary understanding. At least when someone else is talking about BIOS settings, talk about CMOS will not be full head fog, unintelligible it. Let's write here first.