Stool (Debian) -- very big, very convenient? (4) -- source, update and upgrade

11. Debian Source

I am a user of Beijing Netcom, And now I use cn99.com. The download speed is almost 60 kb/s, basically enough.
My/etc/APT/sources. list is as follows: Deb http: // Debian.cn99.com / Debian / Testing main contrib non - Free
Deb - SRC http: // Debian.cn99.com / Debian / Testing main contrib non - Free

Deb http: // Debian.cn99.com / Debian - Security / Etch / Updates main contrib
Deb - SRC http: // Debian.cn99.com / Debian - Security / Etch / Updates main contrib

If you think your apt-get speed is too slow or the software in the software library is incomplete, you may need to modify your/etc/APT/sources. List.

It is better to teach fish to fish. Below are some information found on the Internet. After learning about it, you can modify your sources. List on demand.

A. What is the division of Debian versions?

Reprinted from Shui muCommunityLinuxapp edition essential area x-1-12 Debian has its own unique version system. The entire system has three versions: stable, testing, and unstable ). Each released version is a stable version, and the test version will become a new stable after a period of tests prove no problem. Because the stable version will be updated, in order to distinguish the stable version of different periods, each version has its own unique code (codename), the current stable version is called Etch, and the test version is called Lenny. The code of the unstable version is Sid forever. Normal users can use testing or unstable.

B. Writing sources. List

1 Find the directory that contains the dists and pool directories and write down the addresses, for example
HTTP: // Debian.cn99.com / Debian / ;

2) Open dists and write down the directory name. For example, http://Mirrors.geekbone.org/Debian/, Dists/Includes Sarge, etch, Lenny, and Sid.

3) Write down these directory names. Open the preceding directory to see which component directories are contained, such as main, contrib, and non.-Free;

4) Writing format: address written down by Deb <1><2 Name><3 name s>Such:
Deb ftp://Ftp.linuxforum.net/Debian/Sarge main contrib non-Free

C. Here is a more detailed description of the Debian source (http://blog.xiaoduo.info /? P = 3)

I have reproduced this article.ArticleHere.

12. Update the package list and Debian

After modifying/etc/APT/sources. List, the following two commands are generally run to update and upgrade: Sudo Apt-Get update
Sudo Apt-Get Dist-Upgrade

Where:
Update-retrieve the updated package list
Dist-upgrade-Release Version Upgrade
The first command only updates the package list information, so it can be completed soon.
The second command is to fully update the release version. Generally, it downloads several hundred megabytes of new software packages.

In fact, after the first command is run, the system will prompt you to update and upgrade. Because the source is modified, all the changes made to this update may be very large. For example, installing a package may delete too many other packages, and all the systems will prompt you to run"Sudo Apt-Get Dist-Upgrade"Complete upgrade or use the" mark all software packages for upgrade "function in the Software Package Manager to upgrade. The results are the same.

13. Problems after Debian upgrade

after the upgrade, restart and you will find two more systems:

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--> Debian GNU / Linux, kernel 2.6 . 22 - 3 - 686

Debian GNU / Linux, kernel 2.6 . 22 - 3 - 686 (single - User Mode)

go to the first page and check whether everything is normal. Congratulations, you have successfully upgraded the instance. You may not be able to stop the instance before you log on to the console. The screen contains the following information:

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--> " resume: cocould not stat the resume device file.
Please type in the name to try again or press enter to boot the system "
or
" waiting for root file system "

Wait patiently for three or five minutes until the system enters busybox.
At this point, you can restart the machine to enter the original system: Debian GNU/Linux, Kernel2.6.18-6-686

After entering, the Desktop may not be displayed normally, as shown in the figure below:

Don't worry, because gnome is not installed after upgrade. Install gnome and Nautilus from system> System Management> New Software Package Manager, or restart the terminal after running "sudo apt-Get install gnome Nautilus.

Then, perform the following steps:

A. Modify the/etc/fstab file

Change all hda, HDB, or HDC to SDA, or vice versa. It depends on whether your hard disk is Sata.

B. Run "sudo Update-initramfs-u-k all" (refer to here)

C. You should just take these two steps. Alas, the last day of the day cannot be remembered. Sorry.

Restart and select the new system. Everything is normal (the system may not be available at this time ).

14. iceweasel + Flash Player

If you use iceweasel to browse a webpage with flash, it will prompt you to install a new plug-in. After the installation is complete, it still prompts that the plug-in has not been installed successfully.

Solution:
Download the installation package from the Adobe website (www.adobe.com) and install it.