Study on the composition of computers (I.)

Today began the computer commissioning and maintenance of the course, first of all by the king always personally to us. Mainly about the examination syllabus, as well as the main composition of the computer system and the selection of the motherboard two knowledge points.

The first is the main composition of the computer, as shown in the following figure:

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The hardware system is the general name of all kinds of physical equipments which constitute computer system, and it is the material foundation of computer system. The software system is a general term for the programs and documents that are programmed to run, manage and maintain the computer, which can enlarge the function of the computer and improve the efficiency of the computer.

Computer hardware mainly refers to the host and peripherals, including motherboards, CPU, memory, hard disk, floppy disk drive, optical drive, video card, sound card, chassis, power, etc., computer peripherals mainly include monitors, keyboards, mice, speakers, printers, scanners, fax machines, game handles and so on.

Software system mainly includes system software, programming language, application software, and we are usually divided into system software and application software.

Then began to introduce the motherboard: motherboard also known as host Board, master board and system disk. is one of the most important parts of the computer and is the basis of the whole computer work.

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Common motherboard Board type has at plate type and ATX plate type. There are two categories of CPU sockets for motherboards: Slots and Socket,slot1,slot2 are Intel products, and slot A is an AMD product. socket370,socket478 and other four Intel products, Socket A,socket 462, etc. are AMD products. And the 478,462 we're talking about is the number of pins on the CPU.

Motherboard chipset is the soul and core of the motherboard, mainly composed of South Bridge chip and North Bridge chip. One of the North Bridge chip is the CPU and other external devices connected bridges, AGP, PCI, DRAM and south-south chip and other devices are to be connected to it through different channels. Mainstream motherboard chipsets are made up of Intel's I810, I815/I815E, i845/i845d, I850, BX series, via 694X, kt133/kt<?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn: Schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags "/>133a, MVP4, KT266 series, Sis sis630/540, sis630s/sis730s and other series.

Motherboard Bus Introduction: First understand the concept of bus, so-called bus is connected to the CPU and memory, cache, external control chip between the data channel. The data channel between the control chip and the expansion slot is called the expansion bus, or the local bus.

ISA bus: The most common bus is ISA bus, which is the industry standard structure bus.

PCI bus: The frequency is usually 33MHz, the fastest PCI 2.0 bus speed is 66MHz.

AGP Bus: AGP Graphics acceleration Port (accelerated Graphics Port) is one of the most important things that have developed on motherboards in recent years. The transfer speed has evolved from the earliest 266MHz bandwidth to the agp8x 2gb/s