The basic economic law of Socialism is the law of economic benefit
Over the years, there are many different viewpoints about the basic economic law of socialism, but I think it is basically a dispute about how to explain and understand the argument of the Soviet Socialist economic problem. This year, the third issue of the "Economic Research" published the Wang Jue teacher's "necessary value law is the basic economic laws of socialism," a article, began to break the original frame, opened up a new world. However, after being deeply inspired by this article, I also feel that the main arguments and arguments in the text are still a lot of people who cannot be persuaded. To this end, I am here to put forward some of my own new ideas, taught to you.
First, the socialist production purpose is the use value and the unity of values
In various stages of the production and development of material materials in human society, the productive purposes are different because of the social and economic forms. Natural economy, which is characterized by the exclusion of exchange and self-sufficiency, is the production purpose of which is use value, not value; The simple commodity economy is a small private economic produced for the Society, its production purpose is value, not the value; the capitalist economy is an economy characterized by wage-labour, whose production purpose is value, not usefulness The future Communist economy is an economy that does not have a commodity-currency relationship, and its production purpose is use value, not values. All of these economic forms are characterized by the separation of use value and value, which either does not contain values or does not contain value. However, the socialist economy is different from the above-mentioned economic forms in the production purposes, the socialist production purposes, including both the use value, but also includes the values, it is the use value and the value unification.
The purpose of socialist production is to unify the use and value of socialism, which is determined by the characteristics of a planned commodity economy. The socialist economy has both the planned economy and the commodity economy, therefore, its production purpose must also contain two aspects of the content. On the one hand, the planned economy attribute requires that the human and material resources of the whole society must maintain a certain proportion, must be fully utilized, and must be rationally distributed in order to adapt to the needs of social production and life for use value. On the other hand, the attribute of commodity economy requires that society and enterprises must follow the law of value, engage in the production of values, reduce cost, increase product value, strengthen economic accounting and accelerate capital turnover to realize the multiplication of social reproduction in value.
The use and value of the socialist production aims are organically combined and indispensable. If we only admit the value of it and deny its use, then the aim of socialist production is confused with the production purpose of simple commodity economy and capitalist economy, and if we only admit the value of it and deny it, then the goal of socialist production is confused with the productive purpose of the natural economy and communist economics. Therefore, the unification of the use value and the value as the objective standard to determine the goal of socialist production, is not only different from any other economic forms of production purposes, but also reflects the essential characteristics of socialist economy, is the most appropriate and justifiable.
Second, the goal of socialist production is economic benefit
In my opinion, the goal of socialist production should be economic benefits, not others, with the use of the same value and values as we have identified as the criteria for the selection of socialist production purposes.
The so-called economic benefits, refers to in the socialist production process, labor results and labor consumption and occupation of the comparison. For this concept, the following points can be analyzed: (1) "Labor achievement" refers to the product output or the amount of work, also refers to the value of product output or operation. (2) "Labor consumption and occupation" refers to both the loss and use of the means of production and the labour entity, as well as the cost and occupancy of fixed funds and liquidity embodied in these entities. (3) "comparison" refers to the comparison between the output and input of value, and the comparison of income and expenditure.
Therefore, to improve the economic efficiency should be understood from two aspects of use value and values. From the use of value, the improvement of economic efficiency is to achieve as much production and operation as possible with the least amount of production and labor consumption and occupation. From the perspective of value, to improve economic efficiency is to use as little as possible capital consumption and occupation to achieve as much as possible production value and operating values.
Socialism with economic efficiency as the goal, has the objective inevitability. First, it is the objective requirement of socialized production under public ownership. The Socialist national economy is a big system, all departments and enterprises are interconnected with each other, which requires the society to reasonably allocate their own labor time, improve the use of means of production and labor efficiency, and achieve better economic benefits. Second, it is
The objective requirements of a socialist planned commodity economy. Under the condition of the planned commodity economy, enterprises are independent or relatively independent economic entities, which require enterprises to reduce consumption, increase income and improve economic efficiency as much as possible. Furthermore, it is the objective requirement of the right to deal with the interests of the State, the collective and the individual. Under the socialist conditions, the fundamental interests of these three are consistent, but there are differences, which objectively requires that the enterprise income should be linked to the economic benefits of enterprises, staff remuneration should be linked to the results of labor. Finally, it is the objective requirement to realize the rapid development of national economy. The rapid development of national economy and proportional development, all must take economic benefits as the core and premise, in order to ensure that the national economy has a plan in proportion to the high-speed development, must take good economic benefits, the people can get affordable way.
In a word, it is an intrinsic, essential and inevitable link between the socialist economy and the Economic Law of socialism, that is, to achieve the highest possible economic benefits with the lowest possible labor cost and occupation.
Third, the law of economic benefit is the basic economic law of Socialism
Economic benefit is not only a socialist economic law, but also the basic economic law of socialism, which is determined by its position and role in the socialist economy.
1. The law of economic benefit determines the main aspects and main process of socialist economy. First of all, the socialist production is determined by the law of economic efficiency, whether macro-production or micro-production, should be less expenditure to obtain more income is economic benefits. Secondly, the socialist exchange is also determined by the law of economic efficiency, whether commercial, material, or foreign trade, is to achieve the production process created
Economic benefits. Thirdly, the distribution of socialism is decided by the law of economic benefit, whether it is the initial distribution and redistribution of national income, or the distribution according to work of individual consumer goods, we should take economic benefit as the basic principle. Finally, the socialist consumption is also determined by the law of economic efficiency, consumption is not only the ultimate realization of social and economic benefits, but also to further improve the enterprise and social economic benefits of the important premise.
2. The law of economic benefit determines the essence and direction of socialist production. The basic economic law of Socialism includes the production purpose and the means of realizing the goal. Therefore, it not only determines the essence of socialist production is the pursuit of economic benefits, but also determines the direction of socialist production development.
(1) Because of the pursuit of economic efficiency, enterprises in the product variety, quality, specifications and technical equipment and other aspects of competition, will accelerate technological progress, increase social products, reduce human and material consumption, shorten the capital turnaround time, accelerate the speed of capital turnover, thus, will greatly improve the socialist productivity. (2) Because of the pursuit of economic efficiency, it is required that the social relations of production should be reformed with the improvement of productivity, including the adjustment of ownership structure, the implementation of economic responsibility system and the continuous improvement of the form of distribution according to work, so it
Will make the socialist production relations more and more perfect up. (3) Because of the pursuit of economic efficiency, the state needs to carry out a series of reforms in the economic system and political system, correctly handle the relationship between macro control and micro-revitalization, so that the superstructure is more suitable for economic foundation.
3. The law of economic benefit plays a leading role in the socialist economic law system. In the socialist economy, there are many economic laws, such as the law of economic efficiency, the law of distribution according to work, production relations suitable for productive forces, labor time saving laws, the national economy has plans according to the proportional development rule, the society produces satisfies the social need law, the law of value, competition rule. Among them, the first to second law is unique to the socialist economy, and the third to fourth law is common to all social and economic forms; The fifth to sixth rule is socialism and communism.
The seventh to eighth rule is that socialism is common with capitalism and all commodity economic forms. In these economic laws, the law of economic efficiency is the rule of dominating, restricting and leading function. Its concrete manifestation is: The national economy has the plan proportional development, must take the improvement economic benefit as the premise; the distribution according to work must be linked with the economic benefits of enterprises, the use of the law of value and competition must be aimed at improving economic efficiency, labor time saving must be based on improving economic efficiency , the essence of productive relations is to improve economic efficiency, and social production to meet the needs of society must obey enterprise and social economic benefits. In short, the relationship between economic efficiency law and other economic laws is: the former is the dominant, the latter is the dominant, when the two are consistent, the former plays a decisive role in the latter, the latter is counterproductive to the former, and when they are inconsistent, the latter must unconditionally obey the former, and never let the former obey the latter. In the past, we in the economic work in pursuit of high speed, regardless of economic efficiency, only the immediate local needs, regardless of long-term economic benefits, only the "transition" of production relations and disregard of economic efficiency and other erroneous tendencies, it is to ignore and deny the dominant role of economic law and reverse economic law between the principal and subordinate relationship between the inevitable result.
Iv. the basic economic law of socialism is not to meet the law of social needs
Stalin put "on the basis of a high degree of technology to make the socialist production continue to grow and improve the way to ensure maximum satisfaction of the society as a whole the constant growth of material and cultural needs" (1) called the Socialist Basic economic law, Because he regarded the socialist economy as a non-commodity economy as the communist economy. Therefore, in the formulation of this basic economic law, only the purpose and means of use value are emphasized, and the purpose and means of the values are neglected. In essence, this law of Stalin, although it can be a common economic law of Socialism and communism, is not the basic economic law of socialism, but the basic economic law of Communism. The detours of "Shing" and "Yiping", which we have traversed in the past few decades, are related to our mistakes in choosing the basic economic laws of socialism.
The basic economic law of Socialism is not a necessary value
I cannot agree with the argument that the necessary law of value is the basic economic rule of socialism, for the following reasons:
First, the goal of socialist production is not a necessary value. This is because the purpose of socialist production is the unity of use value and values, and the concept of essential value, like the concept of surplus value, only reflects value, but does not reflect the use value. As the essential law of value is the basic economic laws of socialism, the article said: "The socialist economy is also a commodity economy, production purposes should also be in the form of values, but not surplus value, but the necessary values." "(2) It is well known that the purpose of capitalism production is surplus value, rather than the surplus in the form of values, but rather is the residual. Then, we have reason to believe that the above-mentioned as a socialist production purposes of the necessary value, but also "in the form of value", rather than in the form of use values. Therefore, it is inappropriate to use the necessary value for the purpose of socialist production.
Second, the above explained to his own argument: "Of course, value can never leave the use value of existence, although the value may be left to exist." Therefore, the necessary value is inseparable from the necessary products. We say that the necessary value is the production purpose, already contains its carrier is the necessary product. (3) I think such reasoning is not practical. Of course, value cannot be left out of use. However, the production of simple commodity is worth, not the use of its carrier value; the production of capitalist production aims at surplus value, and does not include its carrier surplus. Since the above-mentioned values are worth and surplus value, it is difficult to derive the concept of the necessary value and the conclusion that it contains the necessary products of the carrier.
Thirdly, the essential value is actually a part or a side of the economic benefit content. In the economic efficiency index system, some of the indicators of use value, such as: the utilization of the means of production (the ratio of the amount of production material used and the amount of production cost), the formation rate of fixed assets (the ratio of fixed assets delivered to the capital investment), labor productivity (the ratio of product quantity to the number of labor), etc. The other part is the value of the indicators, such as: net material consumption ratio (national income and material consumption ratio), net worth rate (the ratio of national income and all pre-paid funds), the investment effect of fixed assets (the ratio of national income growth and investment), the rate of profit and tax (taxes total and all prepaid funds) and so on. Among them, most of the indexes of economic benefit are expressed by the necessary value, i.e. national income (V+M). Therefore, economic benefit is a category which contains necessary value and is more comprehensive than necessary value.
Because the necessary value is not the goal of the socialist production, the necessary law of law has little practical meaning and cannot be
Socialist basic economic law. Because the necessary value is a part or a side of the economic benefit content, the content reflected by the necessary law of values can be included and replaced by the economic benefit rule completely.
Comments:
(1) Stalin: "Socialist economic problems of the Soviet Union", "Stalin Anthology" (next) page No. 602.
(2) Wang Jue: "The necessary law of value is the basic economic laws of socialism", "economic research" in the third issue of 1986.
(3) with notes (2)
(This article was published in the 1986, 12, 2 Jiamusi Political Economics Society seminar.) Signature Wang Zhenyue. Also published in 1987, 4, 15 Economic theory research first series. Heilongjiang Provincial Party School System Economic Society, the black Out tube word No. 96th. Signed Wang Zhenyue, Jiamusi Committee Party School. Won the third prize of outstanding scientific research achievements. ）
The basic economic law of Socialism is the law of economic benefit
