The outlook for the top 10 wireless new technologies in 2015 is "no capacity"

The outlook for the top 10 wireless new technologies in 2015 is "no capacity"

Mobile Internet and Internet of Things are developing at an unprecedented speed, leading to explosive growth of mobile data services. In the future technological evolution, richer communication modes, more friendly user experience, and wider application expansion are all important development directions. In order to cope with the challenge of massive traffic, mobile networks are moving towards a "Unlimited wireless network", that is, the so-called "large pipeline" direction, and technology continues to make breakthroughs. In the future-oriented wireless technology evolution, adapting to application scenarios and satisfying user experience become the deciding factor.

This article lists the top 10 hot technologies most concerned about in the wireless field in 2015, and shares progress with friends in the industry.

I. New multi-site access method NMA

5G applications will focus on mobile broadband and the Internet of Things in the future, which will put forward higher demands for wide coverage, high capacity, low latency, and massive connections. 5G will inevitably need to introduce new multi-access methods. Compared with various orthogonal and quasi-orthogonal Multi-Access solutions (TDMA, CDMA, and OFDMA) in mainstream wireless communication systems, ZTE's first Multi-User Shared Access technology (MUSA) it is based entirely on more advanced non-orthogonal multi-user information theory.

MUSA uplink access is an advanced multi-user detection system based on serial interference elimination (SIC) through the innovative design of the complex field multivariate code. This allows the system to support highly reliable access of several times the number of users on the same time-frequency resources; in addition, it can simplify the resource scheduling process in the access process, greatly simplify the implementation of massive access systems, shorten the access time for massive access, and reduce the terminal energy consumption. MUSA downlink provides higher-capacity downlink transmission than mainstream orthogonal multi-access through innovative technologies such as enhanced overlay encoding and overlay symbol extension, which can also greatly simplify Terminal Implementation and reduce terminal energy consumption.

Ii. New coding modulation and Link adaptive technology

Traditional Link adaptive technology is unable to meet 5G core requirements, the new encoding modulation and Link adaptive technology can significantly increase the system capacity, reduce transmission latency, improve transmission reliability, and increase the number of users. Therefore, soft link adaptation (SLA), physical layer packet coding (PLPC), and guitar ultra-high speed decoder (Gbps high speed decoder, GHD) are proposed.

The soft Link adaptive technology improves the accuracy of channel prediction and feedback methods, and solves the impact of long open-loop Link adaptive OLLA cycles and interference bursts on performance, and the differentiated requirements for QoS (low latency, ultra-reliability, high throughput, or high-speed mobile) in various 5g scenarios. The physical layer packet encoding technology can effectively resolve the conflict between large data packets and small encoding blocks. The gibit ultra-high-speed decoder technology can significantly increase the speed of a single user, to meet the needs of 5g to support ultra-high-speed user data rates.

Iii. multi-antenna technology Massive MIMO

Currently, wireless network traffic has exploded, and there are many ways to increase the wireless network capacity, including improving the spectrum efficiency, increasing the network density, increasing the system bandwidth, and smart service traffic distribution, large-scale antenna array technology is gaining more and more attention.

The basic feature of a large-scale antenna array is to configure a large number of antenna arrays (from dozens to thousands) on the base station side ), obtain more precise beam control capabilities than traditional antenna arrays (where the number of columns of traditional antenna arrays cannot exceed 8). Then, based on the space reuse technology, it also serves more users to improve the spectrum efficiency of the wireless communication system. Large-scale antenna arrays can effectively suppress interference and bring about huge interference suppression gains within and between cells, which further improves the capacity and coverage of the entire wireless communication system.

Large-scale antenna array has obvious advantages. However, how to fully explore its potential huge gain under realistic constraints requires in-depth research, in particular, the research on key technologies such as channel information acquisition, antenna array design, and code-based design.

Iv. High-Frequency Communication

At present, the spectrum below 6 GHz of wireless communication is very crowded and the available bandwidth is limited, while the bandwidth is 30 GHz ~ GHz has a large number of available spectrum, which is very attractive for wireless communication. The millimeter wave band has a higher transmission loss compared with the existing cellular network carrier. At the same time, due to the short high-frequency wavelength, more antennas can be configured on the sender and receiver per unit area to obtain larger beam gain to compensate for extra path loss.

Base stations using high-gain antennas cannot use the preferred beam to cover the receiving end before obtaining the weight. The measurement at the terminal is inaccurate, and the communication parties cannot use the preferred beam weight for data communication. It is difficult for the mobile environment to align with the high-gain narrow-beam. If the Optimal Beam recognition is not implemented, the terminal cannot deploy the residential area or barely reside in the residential area but the transmission quality is poor, this is contrary to the expectation of High-speed 5G networks. Therefore, beam recognition and tracking are common problems in High-Frequency Communication. The beam discovery process can be added to the high-frequency communication system. Through the discovery process, the base station and the terminal can discover each other and use the preferred beam for high data volume communication.

5. wireless backhaul Self-backhaul

Wired Backhaul makes intensive deployment cost unacceptable and greatly limits the flexibility of base station deployment. Microwave as Backhaul requires additional spectrum resources and increases the hardware cost of transmission nodes. When there is shelter, the microwave channel quality will be seriously affected, which limits the site selection and reduces the flexibility of deployment.

Self-backhaul uses the same wireless transmission technology and frequency resources as the access link, which solves the problems of Wired backhaul and microwave backhaul. However, Self-backhaul consumes resources available for the access link and limits the further improvement of network capacity. Therefore, Self-backhaul capacity enhancement is an important research direction of UDN.

Technical means to enhance Self-backhaul capacity include: first, using multi-antenna technology to further expand the degree of freedom in the airspace; second, enhancing the receiving capability through receiver collaboration; and third, the content awareness technology is used to mine the same service request and improve resource usage efficiency through multicast/broadcast. Fourth, the Backhaul link and access link are dynamically allocated resources.

Vi. Virtual Cell

Community virtualization is the key to solving the boundary effect. Its core idea is to provide services with "user-centered. A virtual community consists of multiple access nodes around a user. It is updated as the user moves and the surrounding environment changes, this allows users to obtain stable data communication services no matter where they are, to achieve a consistent user experience.

The virtual community breaks the traditional mobile access network concept centered on the "cellular community" and is transformed into a completely "user-centered" Access Network. That is, each access network user has a "virtual community" related to the user, which is composed of several physical communities around the user. The physical communities work together to serve the user. When the user moves in the network, the physical community contained in the virtual community changes dynamically, but the virtual community ID remains unchanged. As a result, no switchover occurs during the user's mobile process. No matter where the user is, he or she can obtain good signal coverage and optimal access services from multiple surrounding physical communities. Virtual Community is a revolution in the concept of mobile access. It truly realizes the dream of "Finding users through the network" and "Chasing users through the network.

VII. Ultra-broadband base station UBR

According to statistics, 45 out of 54 carriers in 14 countries in Europe have 83% GHz and GHz dual-band, accounting for of the total. Large and medium-sized operators basically have multiple mobile band licenses, and the integration of operators has greatly accelerated the process of wireless infrastructure sharing. wireless infrastructure is gradually evolving from broadband to ultra-broadband.

In 2015, UBR (Ultra-Broadband Radio) technology, which supports multiple frequencies, will usher in a rapid development opportunity. The technology of Ultra-Wideband base stations breaks through the limit that one RF channel supports only one frequency band, and realizes the ultra-wideband processing capability that works in dual-band or multi-band simultaneously. Its core technologies include: ultra-Wideband Transceiver Technology, ultra-wideband power amplifier technology, ultra-wideband DPD technology, and collaborative duplex technology.

8. Fat base station Fat NodeB

The fat base station technology further flattened the network to meet more complex application scenarios. It is a new type of network node that can achieve hybrid networking with traditional base stations.

First, the fat base station integrates some core network control plane functions to significantly shorten the terminal access signaling process. The core network function is simplified, so that the core network only needs to focus on core services unrelated to the wireless standard, and more personalized network services are more easily provided. Secondly, the fat base station integrates the gateway function of the core network. After the terminal traffic passes through the fat base station, it can directly access the PDN network without transmitting the traffic back to the remote core network gateway. This reduces the forwarding load of core network users and reduces transmission costs. In addition, moving the gateway to the base station also facilitates content localization. Deploying a content server on a fat base station with the same address allows the terminal to obtain the content nearby, which can greatly reduce transmission latency and improve user experience.

IX. NFV/SDN Technology

There are many dedicated equipment for traditional telecom networks, which have higher construction costs, more complex O & M expenses, and more closed business forms than IT networks, this makes the operator face a dilemma at both ends of "receiving" and "supporting. The Network Function Virtualization (NFV) and SDN (Software Defined Network) technologies that have emerged in recent years have brought operators a glimpse of the dawn.

NFV is based on virtualization technology. Virtualization technology provides the means to virtualize a set of server-related resources (such as computing, storage, and network) into multiple virtual machines for different users. The introduction of virtualization technology in telecom networks can achieve the sharing of hardware resources in telecom networks and improve the utilization of hardware resources. It also opens a convenient way to quickly introduce new third-party services. After the telecom network function itself supports virtualization, the coupling relationship with dedicated hardware devices is removed, making IT possible for telecom networks to adopt IT-based and general hardware resources, helping operators reduce hardware procurement costs.

SDN technology is derived from the routing control of IP networks. By separating the control and forwarding of routing devices, it will perform a lot of complicated routing configuration work in the network, it is converted into a centralized controller configuration and delivered to the forwarding plane for execution, which greatly simplifies the network routing maintenance work. Additionally, SDN allows third-party applications to conveniently control service routes in the network through the open Northbound Interface. The introduction of SDN Technology in telecom networks not only improves the automation capability of network deployment, but also enables flexible service-based component scheduling) the SDN concept is introduced internally, which can effectively promote the flattening of the entire network and improve the efficiency of packet forwarding.

10. device-to-device communication D2D

As a key candidate Technology for 5g, Device-to-Device (D2D) communication has the potential to improve system performance, improve user experience, and expand cellular communication applications, therefore, it has received wide attention from the industry.

The main application scenarios of D2D include the following:

1. Social networking applications: users can use D2D's discovery and communication functions to search for interested users in nearby areas for data transmission and content sharing;

2. Network Traffic uninstallation: Switch the cellular communication between neighboring users to the D2D mode, saving empty port resources and reducing the core network transmission pressure;

3. iot communication enhancement: In scenarios with a large number of terminals such as Internet of vehicles, massive user terminals, and smart home, terminals are connected to specific terminals connected to the network in D2D format, ease the congestion caused by massive terminal access;

4. emergency Communication: When a blind area is covered or the network is damaged due to a disaster, the user's device establishes a connection with the user's device in the coverage area through D2D, so as to establish a connection with the network in the form of D2D relay.