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Recently I read two books, the third "collapse: How to Choose success or failure in society. These two books, together with "Guns, germs and steel", are known as Jared Diamond's trilogy of the history of mankind. I personally think these books are very shocking, and they are the highest level in the history books I have read. Published in 1992. The history of human evolution from orangutan. The most important part of human evolution from an orangutan is the language. As mentioned in the book, due to competition in resources, humans often take actions like killing other species and killing the same type of behavior during the evolution process. There is evidence in archaeology that many humans have slaughtered other races. Relatively close, it is famous that white Americans slaughter Indians, while white Americans slaughter Indigenous Australians. In addition, the saveders and their descendants instinctively defended the slaughter. It is recorded in the past that humans often use resources unlimitedly, leading to social collapse. The interesting part of the content is language archaeology. We can speculate on the birthplace and generation of the branches of the Japanese and European languages through the common vocabulary of the various existing Japanese and European languages. Through evidence, the guns, bacteria, and steel show that Europeans ultimately seek the Americas, Africa, and Australia, rather than the opposite. It is not because Europeans are smart, but because of differences in the natural environment and geographical conditions. The most important reason is that many wild plants in Eurasia can be manually planted and converted to modern crops. The spindle of Eurasia is horizontal and the spread of crops is relatively easy. The main axis of Africa and America is vertical, and the climate is very different. Even crops suitable for Artificial Planting are difficult to spread. Collapse: How to Choose success or failure in society lists many examples of the collapse and anti-collapse of human society since prehistoric times and documented history. The most important reason for the crash is the excessive use of resources in the environment. Typical examples are Easter Island and the Maya society. The success example of the anti-collapse campaign is famous for Japan, where leaders found that available trees were decreasing and ordered to protect the forest. The author believes that modern society also has the risk of repeating the same mistakes of the previous collapsed society, as well as an example of the United States of Montana. Of course, the author is also optimistic about the ultimate victory over collapse.