The two most important parts of computer theory: Information and logic

Document directory

• Misunderstanding of computers
• Information encoding
• Digression, Introduction to Mathematics History

Misunderstanding of computers

Many people think that computers, as the name suggests, are mainly computing machines. Therefore, there is an illusion that computing naturally associates with the mathematical addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and operation in junior high school. confusions arise naturally. Simply adding, subtraction, multiplication, division, can't a simple mathematical computation computer implement such a complex function? What's so strange? How many codes do you write require the addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of several integers?

In fact, it is true that computers are mainly used to computing this point, but it is not the addition and subtraction multiplication in ordinary mathematics that we are used to thinking. it has another profound meaning. I will discuss it later. computing is so powerful and widely used. the most important part of computer theory is information and logic. next I will give a brief introduction.

 

Information Theory

 

We know that one of the most powerful functions of a computer is to store massive amounts of information. A small hard disk can store all the books in a large library. various texts, sounds, and image information can be encoded in binary format and stored in a computer. it can be said that even if the computer does not have any other function, it only stores information, and then allows us to retrieve information and display it to us in an appropriate way, it will inevitably become popular in all walks of life.

In fact, we often use computers to process information..

For example, if you play QQ, it is actually the transfer and display of information. You store what you want to say on the keyboard into a computer, so it becomes binary. it is then transmitted to your friend's computer through the network, and then decoded and displayed as text. when you watch movies and listen to music, videos and sounds are encoded in binary format and stored in a computer. then, you can use a player to decode it and display it as a video or sound for your appreciation. you browse various websites with various messy contents, such as Entertainment gossip, politics, news, and sports. that is nothing more than storing some information on the website server. When you browse through a browser, the binary data is first transmitted to your computer through the network (that is, through a network cable, the browser then decodes the information and displays it to you. we use Oracle,
Some databases such as SQL Server and MongoDB directly deal with information.

Data is the carrier of information. the simple data types such as int, long, float, Char, and string used in programming can achieve such powerful functions because they are not just boring data, they can represent some information, store information, process information, and transmit information.

The theoretical basis of computer storage information is information theory.The representative who made outstanding contributions to information theory is Shannon ). it can be said that in the computer industry, his position can be comparable to the famous Turing. information theory involves many complicated theories and obscure terms. however, its main role is to study how to encode the information contained in the world into numbers or symbols, how to transmit the data, how to ensure the accuracy and security of data transmission, and so on.

Information encoding

In addition, we know that the information can be expressed as any number or letter. in fact, we can use Chinese, English, and other daily languages to encode a lot of information in reality into characters. however, in a computer, the information is mainly encoded into binary numbers. however, just through the computer's physical components, transistors, and door circuits, these playways can be very nice to represent binary. the on and off of a transistor switch can be expressed as 1 and 0. and as long as there are two numbers: 01. the computer is enough to encode any information. simple things that seem simple can no longer combine complex and scary things. the DNA in our human body is some simple base pair, which is quite similar to binary.

The power of binary is so powerful that the man who invented binary is definitely a great man. it is generally believed that leveniz of germany invented binary, but many Chinese people think that our ancient Taiji Eight-Dimensional diagram contains binary ideas. leveniz was inspired to invent binary. no one knows the specific situation.

I just mentioned that binary was invented. in fact, the principles and rules of numbers exist in nature. We humans only discover these principles, but they do not exist. Instead, we create various mathematical principles. this is a constant debate. as a scientist with religious beliefs, there is no doubt that the mathematical principles have been discovered, and they already exist. some people even think that God is a mathematician. God uses various mathematical principles to create the world. therefore, mathematics can be magically applied to all walks of life. however, the scientists of the West probably prefer to think that the mathematical principle was invented and does not exist in nature.

 

 

Logical operation

 

As mentioned above, a very powerful function of a computer is to store a small amount of data. however, the data itself is dead. If we want to perform a lot of operations on it, such as searching, classifying, and formulating rules for applying them to the data. for database access, we need a user name and password to log on, and QQ is the same. when Baidu is used on the Internet, search engines such as Google return the corresponding information when entering keywords. if you place a mouse on your computer, the operating system and various applications will generate corresponding operations and responses. how is all this achieved? 0101 these dead binary data are really dead guys, but they cannot implement such powerful functions.

This is the powerful function of the computer's logic processing capabilities. What is logic? Moreover, the computer itself only recognizes data like 01. How does it implement logic functions?

How should we combine mathematics and logic. what is logic? For example, I am right and you are wrong. because you are short and poor, and women like high handsome and rich, so you will still be playing with a bachelor. because these words are a logical concept. such as Di Renjie, Bao Hei, and Sherlock Holmes, the Reasoning Involved in case investigation is also logical reasoning. generally, it's all about things and things. In the end, I think you're the murderer.

We know that computers only recognize numbers, that is, they only use mathematical knowledge. Therefore, to implement logic, we must combine mathematics and logic into two different disciplines.

Digression, Introduction to Mathematics History

Let's talk a little more about the development of mathematics. Mathematics can be simply divided into two blocks: ry and algebra.

In ancient Greece, ry was very developed. Euclidean <ry originally> is still regarded as a classic today. in addition, it is completely correct in a certain range. although bidaras has studied the logarithm and said that everything is a number, the number in his eyes is mainly used for geometric services. the most representative theory is also the theory in ry, that is, the relationship between the right triangle edges. it was only in modern mathematics that it had been paid more and more attention. starting from dikar, he first proposed combining algebra and ry to form a famous analytic ry, so everyone paid attention to algebra. with the further development of many mathematicians, algebra has become completely comparable to ry, and even beyond the momentum of ry.

In addition, the traditional Euclidean ry is also affected by the emergence of non-European ry. Previously, we naturally believed that only one parallel edge with only one other straight line exists. the three inner angles of a triangle are always 180 degrees. all of these are regarded as universal truth. however, the non-European ry denies this idea. if the space is curved, for example, the space is like a spherical surface, the three inner angles of a triangle and not necessarily 180 degrees, A single point may not have a single point of equality. the main point here is that space is curved. the earth is a curved surface, not a concept at all. we can't imagine a space surface through our intuitive experience. einstein's theory of relativity is based on non-European ry. Einstein believes that the role of gravity will lead to space collapse and space will become curved. at this time, the two points are not the shortest line.

When mathematics has achieved great success in all walks of life, especially in physics, do people think that mathematics can be applied anywhere, for example, in the study of human thinking? So I tried to combine mathematics and logic. among them, the most famous represents any time boolean, the Boolean algebra he created. it looks simple and cannot be simple. it is the addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and division operation of binary 01. 1 + 0 = 1; 1*1 = 1; 1*0 = 0; when it comes to this, we can swallow a topic I discussed at the beginning, in our opinion, computation by computers is the addition, subtraction, multiplication, division of ordinary mathematics. In fact, computation by computers is a binary addition, subtraction, multiplication, division of 01. what's the difference?
? BecauseBinary Arithmetic Operations also have logic meanings in them. 1 can represent truth, 0 represents false, and various combinations and operations of true and false can be used to complete all logical reasoning..

Feng. while studying the relationship between computers and the human brain, noriman believes that the brain can implement some logical functions related to the construction of binary neurons in the human brain. for example, all the information we process must be transmitted through neurons. when a nerve impulse is transferred to another one, it determines whether to continue or ignore the transmission by judging the strength or weakness. There is only one choice. this is similar to the computer hardware function. The transistor closes the current and the open current cannot pass through. this is the same as neural impulse transmission.

 

 

With the information theory and logic processing mechanisms, computers can play a huge role.Most of the code we write is related to the two. various data types are used to save information, and then various logic judgments and operations such as if, else, while, &, | are naturally related to logical processing.