The WAN protocol that you don't know

Remember when the university, the teacher said, "Children's shoes, different network segments of the IP is not interoperable, to remember Oh"

In fact, the teacher didn't say all ...

Today, this baby takes a look back at the WAN protocol, PPP, HDLC, PPP

The theory is summed up by the experiment, because the individual advocates the experiment.

Topology: (because HCL can not simulate FR-SW, and do not want to use Lito, plus a long time not hit Cisco, so with GNS3)

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1. Ppp

R1#conf T

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with cntl/z.

R1 (config) #int s0/0

R1 (config-if) #encapsulation PPP

R1 (config-if) #ip add 12.12.12.1 255.255.255.0

R1 (config-if) #no shut

========================================

R2#conf T

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with cntl/z.

R2 (config) #int s0/0

R2 (config-if) #ip add 21.21.21.2 255.255.255.0

R2 (config-if) #en

R2 (config-if) #encapsulation PPP

R2 (config-if) #no shut

R2 (config-if) #do Ping 12.12.12.1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 12.12.12.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is percent (5/5), round-trip Min/avg/max = 16/25/36 ms

#不同网段通了, let's see why.

R2 (config-if) #do show ip Rou

CODES:C-connected, s-static, R-rip, M-mobile, B-BGP

D-EIGRP, Ex-eigrp External, O-OSPF, IA-OSPF Inter area

N1-OSPF NSSA External Type 1, N2-OSPF NSSA external type 2

E1-OSPF external Type 1, E2-OSPF external type 2

I-is-is, Su-is-is Summary, L1-is-is level-1, L2-is-is level-2

Ia-is-is Inter area, *-candidate default, U-per-user static route

O-ODR, P-periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort are not set

21.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C 21.21.21.0 is directly connected, serial0/0

12.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C 12.12.12.1 is directly connected, serial0/0

#现象一:

#自动生成了一条对端网络的主机路由

#为什么自动生成路由呢? PPP Sub-Protocol NCP

2.HDLC

R1#conf T

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with cntl/z.

R1 (config) #int s0/0

R1 (config-if) #en

R1 (config-if) #ip add 12.12.12.1 255.255.255.0

R1 (config-if) #no shut

=============================================

R2#conf T

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with cntl/z.

R2 (config) #int s0/0

R2 (config-if) #ip add 21.21.21.2 255.255.255.0

R2 (config-if) #no shut

R2 (config-if) # do ping 12.12.12.1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 12.12.12.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

.....

Success rate is 0 percent (0/5)

#不通了, let's try to write a host route like PPP try

R1 (config) #ip Route 21.21.21.2 255.255.255.255 s0/0

R2 (config) #ip Route 12.12.12.1 255.255.255.255 s0/0

R2 (config) # do ping 12.12.12.1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 12.12.12.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is percent (5/5), round-trip Min/avg/max = 20/25/32 ms

#o了, it can be concluded that PPP can pass, HDLC can not pass, because the NCP self-negotiated routing source so

3.FR

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R1#conf T

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with cntl/z.

R1 (config) #int s0/0

R1 (config-if) #ip add 13.13.13.1 255.255.255.0

R1 (config-if) #en

R1 (config-if) #encapsulation fr

R1 (config-if) #encapsulation Frame-relay

R1 (config-if) #no shut

===================================

R2#conf T

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with cntl/z.

R2 (config) #frame-relay switching

R2 (config) #int s0/0

R2 (config-if) #encapsulation Frame-relay

R2 (config-if) #frame-relay intf-type DCE

R2 (config-if) #frame-relay Route 102 Interface S0/1 201

R2 (config-if) #no shut

R2 (config) #int S0/1

R2 (config-if) #encapsulation Frame-relay

R2 (config-if) #frame-relay intf-type DCE

R2 (config-if) #frame-relay Route 201 Interface s0/0 102

R2 (config-if) #no shut

===================================

R3#conf T

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with cntl/z.

R3 (config) #int S0/1

R3 (config-if) #encapsulation Frame-relay

R3 (config-if) #ip add 31.31.31.3 255.255.255.0

R3 (config-if) #no shut

R3 (config-if) #do Ping 13.13.13.1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 13.13.13.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is percent (5/5), round-trip Min/avg/max = 32/40/44 ms

#默认情况下是可以通的, why?

R1 (config-if) #do show Frame-relay Map

serial0/0 (UP): IP 31.31.31.3 DLCI 102 (0x66,0x1860), dynamic,

Broadcast,

CISCO, status defined, active

#因为根据标签转发, it doesn't make sense.

R1 (config) #int s0/0

R1 (config-if) #no Frame-relay inverse-arp

R3 (config) #int S0/1

R3 (config-if) #no Frame-relay inverse-arp

R3 (config-if) #exit

R3 (config) #exit

R3#clear Frame-relay Inarp

R3#ping 13.13.13.1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 13.13.13.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

.....

Success rate is 0 percent (0/5)

#其不通原因在于inverse-arp, we try not to open inverse-arp and let it pass.

R1 (config) #int s0/0

R1 (config-if) #frame-relay INTF-DLCI 102

R3 (config) #int S0/1

R3 (config-if) #frame-relay Intf-dlci 201

R3 (config-if) #do Ping 13.13.13.1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 13.13.13.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

4.Ethernet

R1#conf T

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with cntl/z.

R1 (config) #int f0/0

R1 (config-if) #no shutR1 (config-if) #ip add 12.12.12.1 255.255.255.0

==============================================

R2#conf T

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with cntl/z.

R2 (config) #int f0/0

R2 (config-if) #no shut

R2 (config-if) #ip add 21.21.21.2 255.255.255.0r2 (config-if) #do Ping 12.12.12.1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 12.12.12.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

.....

Success rate is 0 percent (0/5)

#默认肯定不通的, let's try to write a route.
R1 (config) #ip Route 21.21.21.2 255.255.255.255 f0/0

R2 (config) #ip Route 12.12.12.1 255.255.255.255 f0/0

R2 (config) #do Ping 12.12.12.1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 12.12.12.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

.!!!!

Success rate is percent (4/5), round-trip Min/avg/max = 20/29/44 ms

#写路由可以互通

5. Summary

The premise of different network segments interoperability is ARP, for HDLC and Ethernet write routing is to let it learn Mac, if manually write static Mac can also be interoperable

For Frame relay, by default according to DLCI forwarding, through inverse-arp learning

This article is from the "Fuqin Wine" blog, please make sure to keep this source http://szk5043.blog.51cto.com/8456440/1813867

The WAN protocol that you don't know