Three waves of non-contact Communication Technology

First wave: Low Frequency

The development of RFID technology can be divided into three periods. The first wave is the pre-RFID era. The product types include magstripe, barcode, and 125khz sensing systems.

Jen NAB is the sales director of the AEOs Professional Access Control System of NeDAP. He said that as early as 1970s, the company developed the first low-power access control card, it is based on the 70cm kHz radio frequency technology and can be detected within a distance of about.

He pointed out that this frequency is very suitable for access control systems because it requires little energy. In addition, card detection systems commonly used production materials-wood, glass, plastic, etc.-they have excellent penetration performance. This means that when these materials are used in the manufacture of card readers, the distance from the probe will not be affected, even in wet environments, the card performance is still the best.

However, nab said that if people want to not only read data on the card, but also use the same card for cash payment, they need to exchange more security data in a short period of time, this frequency is not enough. This application usually occurs in the security network environment of the building.

Honeywell's law also believes that many people are still using a kHz Access Control Sensor card. "This technology has been used for a long period of time and can provide a longer inductive distance, usually two to three meters, which is also excellent in terms of penetration, in addition, cards can be placed in the wallet or wallet for direct sensing." However, he pointed out that it can send a very small amount of data, less data packets are sent at a time. "This is a problem because more and more smart cards are providing read and write functions ."

 

Second wave: 13.56mhz and Mifare

Compared with low frequencies, 13.56mhz provides higher security. "In terms of frequency selection, authorization is still a big problem, and it can extend the existing standards," valtonen said ."

He continued that the only practical problem with 13.56 MHz, especially the technology, was the read distance. In addition, it takes more time to perform a secure handshake session before the information is authorized to be exchanged. For this reason, according to the data size to be exchanged, 13.56mhz may even become a little slow. This is why the low frequency reading card system is still used in public transportation facilities. The biggest advantage of 13.56mhz is security.

Although users can send more data, they lose the advantage of penetration and read distance. The standard Mifare technology means that cards must be placed 1 to 2 inch away from the card reader. However, this is not a problem because most users prefer to use it within a short distance to protect its security.

Therefore, although technically non-contact, they still need to be in close contact with the card reader to be effective. Also, this can be done without getting them out of your wallet or wallet. In Law's view, the only application that really needs to use long-distance reading is the access control system.

One of the biggest advantages of a smart card is reading and writing applications. It allows users to add fingerprint information. Previously, the data was stored on the card reader but restricted by the template number, which is a major defect. Another drawback is that the card reader needs to use a computer to read the template. With smart cards, these limitations do not exist.

In addition, smart cards provide a lot of convenience. For example, some large multinational companies have many offices around the world, and they need to enable their supervisors to access other offices without re-login.

 

Third wave: compliant with ISO standards

"At present, we have seen a trend using secure iso15693," Neff said, "because it can provide a longer read/write distance ." The read/write distance between 5 cm 3A and B is usually less than, while iso15693 can reach 1 meter. When a longer read/write distance is required, iso15693 is a better choice, and 3A and B are suitable for faster data transmission. It is worth mentioning that 3A and B are incompatible.

3A is mainly used for ticketing applications, such as subway and biometric identification applications, because it can exchange a large amount of data through air interfaces. At the same time, iso15693 can achieve almost all the functions of, but has a longer read/write distance, because data transmission starts faster. "Iso15693 is widely used in access control, attendance, and other systems. We hope to use a free-of-charge system in these fields ." NEFF said.

"In most cases, people tend to use secure iso15693 because it has a longer read/write distance, especially because they do not have to exchange so much data ." He continued. With higher security, this new contactless smart card technology will be used in applications with higher security levels, such as electronic payment and e-commerce.

In the same example, Visa cards or it database access systems in the United States can provide advanced encryption technologies. "All data transmitted between the card and the reader," Neff said. "It is encrypted through the new contactless smart card technology-this is different from the 125khz technology ." In addition, it has all the Read and Write functions, and the transaction speed is faster-about 100 times the speed of the transaction kbit per second. In contrast, the transmission rate of the 125khz technology is only several bits per second.

NEFF believes that the kHz technology is being eliminated, but there will still be some businesses. Although the scale may be large, they are all in the field of low security. For PC login, electronic payment system and access control system, Neff believes: "It must be 13.56mhz technology ."