Ubuntu Operating System Installation Tutorial

Ubuntu is a popular Linux operating system, based on the Debian distribution and GNOME desktop environment, compared to other Linux distributions, Ubuntu is very easy-to-use, and Windows compatibility is very good for Windows user migration, pre-installed with a large number of commonly used software, The Chinese version of the function is also more complete, support pinyin input method, pre-installed with Firefox, Open Office, multimedia playback, image processing, such as most commonly used software, generally will automatically install the network card, sound card and other equipment drivers, for not playing games without net silver users, basically can use the function have, Installed using the Windows operating system without partitioning is as easy as installing an application, and the entire Ubuntu operating system is easy to uninstall under Windows like a large file. Next I will introduce the Ubuntu operating system installation method, for Ubuntu Novice reference, hoping to play the role of Linux literacy.

　　Download Ubuntu

Ubuntu has three versions, the desktop version (Desktop Edition), the server version (Edition), the Internet version (Netbook remix), the desktop version of ordinary desktop can be downloaded, download the address please click here, 32 Bit CPU Please choose 32bit version, netbook can download Netbook remix, currently Ubuntu has occupied One-third of the netbook market, after the Windows XP system. The powerful opponent of Google's Chrome OS is the Ubuntu Netbook remix.

The latest version is 9.04 version, after downloading the filename is ubuntu-9.04-desktop-i386.iso, the size is 698M, through the Thunderbolt download very fast, about half an hour or so can be downloaded.

　　Install Ubuntu

You can install Ubuntu without having to repartition in Windows, just like installing an application, by using a virtual optical drive (for example, Microsoft's Windows virtual CD-ROM) Mount the Ubuntu-9.04-desktop-i386.iso file, and then run the Wubi.exe under the root directory, before running to change the name of the local disk to the English name , otherwise an error message "Unicodeencodeerror:" The ASCII ' codec can ' t encode characters in position 0-3: Ordinal not in range (128).

After running, the following interface appears, selecting "Install Inside Windows" To install directly under Windows without partitioning.

The following installation interface appears, select a disk, and then select the language as "Chinese (Simplified)", installation size is the total disk size for the Ubuntu environment, then the login username and password, and the installation continues after setup.

The following installation operation is very simple, do not need manual intervention can directly install the entire operating system, most of the hardware drivers can be installed automatically. After the installation is complete, restart the system, you can use Ubuntu.

　　Automatically sign in to Ubuntu

Ubuntu defaults to each login is to enter the username and password, this is based on security considerations, but for the desktop version, everyone is accustomed to their own computer can automatically log on, similar to Windows XP system, through a number of settings to achieve Ubuntu automatic login. Click on the "System"-"System Management"-"Login Window" (requires an administrator password), and then on the Security tab-check (Enable automatic login), and then select your own username in the Drop-down list. Then Ubuntu will be able to log in automatically.

　　Power-on Autorun Program

Similar to the Windows boot menu, Linux can also be implemented at the start of the automatic operation of some commands, a relatively simple way is to modify the/etc/rc.local file, will need to execute the command added.

　　Desktop settings

Ubuntu Desktop, the default has two taskbar, one on the top, one below, usually used to Windows users like to move the above to the bottom of the Ubuntu panel can not drag, after the right button, you can let it appear at the bottom of the screen.

Desktop background settings are similar to Windows, and you can modify settings by right-clicking on the desktop and changing your desktop background.

　　Modify Root Password

The Ubuntu Default user is not root, and we can use root as the Super Administrator account to gain greater privileges through operations. Open the terminal first, and then execute the following statement

sudo passwd root

You can modify the password for the Super Administrator root and then use the SU command to switch to root to perform some of the higher privileges.

　　Hosts modification

Under Windows, we are on Twitter and other sites need to modify the Hosts file, under Linux There are hosts files, files located in/etc/hosts, using the root user can edit this file, host name and IP format is exactly the same as windows, For example:

127.0.0.1 localhost

　　Install the software under Ubuntu

There are several ways to install the software in Ubuntu, commonly used Deb package installation, Deb is the Debian series of Linux package management, Ubuntu is the derivation of Debian, but also the default support for this software installation, when downloaded to a Deb format software, It can be installed directly on the interface.

Another common installation is the source code compilation installation, many software will provide the source code to the end user, the user needs to compile the installation, first use tar to extract the source code into a directory, and then enter the directory, execute the following three commands:

./configure

Make

sudo make install

After the execution is complete, the software can be compiled and installed.

Another way is the Apt-get installation method, Apt is Debian and its derivative release Package Manager, APT can automatically download, configure, install binary or source code format software package, so simplifies the UNIX system management software process. The common installation commands are:

sudo apt-get install software name

sudo apt-get remove software name

　　Firefox browser updates

Ubuntu installation will automatically install a Firefox browser, unfortunately this Firefox version is usually low, such as Ubuntu 9.04 will install Firefox 3.0, but we can find ways to download the latest Firefox overwrite the old version of Firefox, The specific way is to first on the Firefox official website download the latest Linux version of Firefox, and then unzip it to a directory, such as the Firefox directory, access to the terminal, to the directory of the parent directory, execute the following statement:

sudo cp-r firefox/usr/lib/firefox-3.5.2

sudo mv/usr/bin/firefox/usr/bin/firefox.old

sudo ln-s/usr/lib/firefox-3.5.2/firefox/usr/bin/firefox-3.5.2

sudo ln-s/usr/bin/firefox-3.5.2/usr/bin/firefox

You can then replace Firefox successfully with the latest Firefox 3.52 version, which you can use for future Firefox updates.

　　Flash problems with Firefox

After my actual test, Ubuntu automatically installed Flash plugin Swfdec There are many problems, in Firefox, many pages of Flash can not be displayed, including Google Music and happy net, etc., it is recommended to use the following two statements to uninstall it.

sudo apt-get remove Swfdec-mozilla

sudo apt-get remove Swfdec-gnome

The Linux version of the official Adobe Flash player can then be installed, and the download address is: http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer/

After the installation is complete, but also to solve the Chinese garbled problem, the solution is to execute the following statement:

sudo cp/etc/fonts/conf.d/49-sansserif.conf/etc/fonts/conf.d/49-sansserif.conf.bak

sudo rm/etc/fonts/conf.d/49-sansserif.conf

After that, Firefox flash is completely normal, in Firefox to visit the Flash website such as happy, the display is normal.

　　Install common software

Introduced the installation of the method and Firefox, the following can go to each website to download some commonly used Linux software to install, the following is a list of some of the commonly used Linux software I sorted out:

Linux QQ: Access this address, download Deb file installation, you can play Tencent QQ under Linux.

Firewall firestarter: Use sudo apt-get install Firestarter installation.

Antivirus software AntiVir: Although the virus under Linux is very small, but for beginners still need to install an anti-virus software, access to this address can download the free version of AntiVir antivirus software, this software I have in the "five Best anti-virus software" introduced.

RPM to Deb tool: use sudo apt-get install alien Installation

Java Environment installation: JRE installation sudo apt-get install SUN-JAVA6-JRE, JDK installation sudo apt-get install SUN-JAVA6-JDK

Eclipse installation: Download the latest eclipse to this address first, then use the tar xvfz eclipse-php-galileo-linux-gtk.tar.gz-c/opt to extract it.

Picasa 3 for Linux installation: Access this address and install directly after downloading.

Google Earth installation: here to download the latest version of the Google Earth, download down is a bin file, in the graphical interface right click on the Googleearthlinux.bin, in the "Permissions" tab Check "allow the program to execute files," the following figure.

It is then executed on the terminal./googleearthlinux.bin can be installed.

　　Install lamp environment

Ubuntu Desktop Edition can also install lamp (Linux + Apache + MySQL + PHP) environment, here I introduce one of the easiest way is to use XAMPP, this project I have in the common Wamp integrated environment, XAMPP not only supports Windows, it also supports Linux, and after downloading the Web site, run the following two commands:

Tar xvfz xampp-linux-1.7.2.tar.gz-c/opt

/opt/lampp/lampp start

can start the lamp environment, XAMPP is a full-featured integrated environment, the package contains Apache, MySQL, SQLite, PHP, Perl, FileZilla FTP Server, Tomcat and so on, very suitable for the development environment to use.

　　Installer Add Programs menu and desktop

Some programs are directly uncompressed installed, so the "Application" menu item will not be added, we can manually add the menu item, by opening the "system"-"preferences"-"main Menu", New.

To add a desktop shortcut, right-click on the desktop and create an initiator. This "launcher" is a "shortcut" inside windows.

To create a menu item for an application to a desktop shortcut, click the right mouse button on the menu item of the application, select Add this initiator to desktop or add this initiator to panel.

This is my tutorial on installing Ubuntu, if you have not installed the operating system, I believe that under the guidance of this tutorial, you will be able to easily control the Linux system, if you have some experience in the process of using Ubuntu, please leave a message to share with you.