Ubuntu terminal commands

I. File directory
1. Create a directory: mkdir directory name
2. Delete the empty directory: rmdir directory name
3. Delete the subdirectory unconditionally: Rm-RF directory name
4. Change the current directory: CD directory name (go to the user's home directory: Cd ~; Go to the upper-level Directory: CD -)
5. view your own directory: pwd
6. view the current directory size: Du
7. display the directory file list: ls-L (-A: add an implicit directory)
Blue: Directory; Green: executable file; Red: compressed file; light blue: connected file; Gray: other files; Red: Wrong connection file.
8. Browse File: More file name. txt; less file name. txt
9. copy the file: CP source file directory (-R: Contains directory)
10. Search for files: (1) Find (2) locate file name
11 link: (1) create a hard link: ln to link the source file (-D: create a directory link); (2) create a symbolic link: ln-s to link the source file
Ii. Driver mounting
1. Check hard disk usage: DF-t-h
2. Check the disk partition: fdisk-l
3, Mount hard drive: Mount-T/dev/fdx | hdax/mnt/directory name, of which: modos-FAT16; vfat-FAT32; NTFS-NTFS; Optical Drive-iso9660, support Chinese Name: mount-O iocharset = x/dev/hdax/mnt/directory name, mount the optical drive: Mount-T Auto/dev/CDROM, and mount the ISO file: mount-T iso9660-o loop XXX. ISO/path
4. unmount: umount/mnt/directory name, unmount all: umount-
5. Create a file system: mkfs-T/dev/hdxx. FTYPE: ext2, ext3, and swap.
Iii. Program Installation
1. RPM package installation:
(1) installation: rpm-IVH somesoft. rpm
(2) reverse installation: rpm-e somesoft. rpm
(3) query: rpm-Q somesoft or rpm-QPI somesoft. RPM (where: P is not installed; Information contained in I)
(4) query the location after installation: rpm-QL somesoft. rpm
(5) upgrade and install: rpm-uvh somesoft. rpm
(6) force installation: rpm-IVH-modeps somesoft. RPM or rpm-IVH-modeps-force somesoft. rpm
2. Source Code installation:
Read readme
Basic usage:
(1) configuration: extract the Directory:./confilguie
(2) Compile: Decompress the Directory: Make
(3) install: unzip the Directory: make install
3. Install SRC. RPM:
The-rebuild parameter must be added to the rpmbuild command. For example, rpmbuild-rebuild ***. SRC. rpm. Then, find it under/usr/src /.
Install the ISO program in FC3: directory where system-config-packages-isodir = ISO is located
Install the ISO program under RH: directory where RedHat-config-packages-isodir = ISO is located
Iv. compression and decompression class:
1、tar.gz class:
(1) unzip: tar-xvzf file .tar.gz?tar.gz unzip tar: gzip-D file .tar.gz
(2) compression: GZIP file to be compressed
2. Tar uncompressed class:
(1) Unpack: tar-xvf file .tar
(2) package: tar-CVF file .tar file list
3. Zip:
(1) decompress: unzip file. Zip-D dir
(2) compression: Zip zipfile with compressed file list
4. bz2 type:
(1) decompress: bunzip2 file. bz2 or Bzip2-D file. bz2;
(2) Lock: Bzip2 with compressed files
5. Z class:
(1) decompress: uncompress file. Z
(2) compression: compress File
5. Process Control
1. List the current process ID:
PS-auxw
2. Terminate the process:
(1) terminate all programs of a single process: Kill process ID
(2) terminate all processes of the program: killall program name
(3) Terminate the X-window program: xkill
3. View resource usage:
(1) Top
(2) free
(3) dmesg
4. view the environment variable values:
Env
5. Restart:
(1) reboot
(2) Ctrl Alt Del
(3) Init 6
6. Shutdown:
(1) shutdown-H now
(2) Halt
(3) Init 0
7. Switch the desktop:
Switchdeskgnome | KDE |...
6. program running:
1. query command:
Whereis command name
2. Run the X-window program in the background:
Program name &
3. Force exit the X-window program:
Ctrl alt backspace
4. View help:
(1) Concise help:
Command name-help | less
(2) more help: Man command name
(3) info command name
(4) HELP command name
5. view the system path:
Echo $ path
6. view the current shell Stack:
Echo $ shlvl
7. </>: Input/Output redirection. |: the input of the MPs queue is the right input of the MPs queue.
VII. User Account:
1. Add a user account:
(1) User name: adduser User Account Name
(2) Set Password: passwd User Account Name
2. delete a user account: userdel User Account Name
3. Add a user group: groupadd user group name
4. delete a user group: groupdel user group name
5. Temporarily terminate the user account: passwd-l User Account Name
6. Restore the account to be terminated: passwd-u User Account Name
7. permission settings:
(1) chmod-A | u | G | o |-| = r | w | X file/directory name
Where: A-all users (all), U-user (user), g-user group (group), O-other users (other Users)
-Add permissions;-delete permissions; =-Set permissions
File: R-read-only permission (read); W-write permission (write); X-Execute Permission (execute)
Directory: R-allow files and subdirectories in the column directory; W-allow production and deletion of files in the directory; X-allow access to this directory
(2) chmod XXX file/directory name
Where: Execute = 1; write = 2; read = 4
Value x: 0-No permissions (commonly used); 1-only execution (uncommon); 2-only write (uncommon ); 3-write and execution only (uncommon); 4-read-only (common; 5-read-only and execution (common); 6-read and write (common ); 7-read, write, and execute
VIII. VI editing
1. Enter the command mode:
(1) Insert I
(2) Open O
(3) Modify C
(4) Replace r
(5) replace s
2. Go to the full screen editing mode after (1.
3. Command mode-> edit mode (a/I); edit mode (ESC); command mode (:).
4. Save w/w newfile
5. Q/Q! Exit IV; Save and exit Bq
IX. Network Services:
1. display network interface parameters: ifconfig
2. Display System Email: Mail
3. start/stop the Web Service: httpd-k start | stop | restart
4. View network conditions:
(1) online status: Ping XXX. XXX;
(2) display network status: netstat, where: Options:-A = All sockets;-L = contains network devices;-N = Digital IP; -O = Other information;-r = route table;-T = only columns of TCP sockets;-u = only columns of UDP sockets;-W = only columns of raw sockets; -x = only columns of Unix domain sockets
10. other classes:
1. display graphics 3D information: glxinfo and glxgears