Understanding MPEG video Compression standards and related coding formats

The full name of MPEG is the motion image Expert Group (Moving Picture Experts Group), an organization that specializes in developing international standards in the field of multimedia. The organization was established in 1988 and consists of approximately 300 multimedia technical experts worldwide. Includes three parts for MPEG video, MPEG Audio and MPEG systems (video and audio sync).

The MPEG compression standard is designed for moving images, the basic method is to collect and save the first frame of information in a unit of time, and then only store the rest of the frame relative to the first frame of the change of the part to achieve the purpose of compression. MPEG compression Standard can achieve compression between frames, its average compression ratio of up to 50:1, compression rate is high, and there is a unified format, good compatibility.

In the multimedia data compression standard, the MPEG series standard is used more, including MPEG-1, 2, 4 and so on. MPEG-1 (ISO/IEC 11172) is the first multimedia international standard to be widely influenced by the MPEG organization in 1992. MPEG-1 the official name of the standard is "based on digital storage media motion image and sound compression standard", visible, MPEG-1 focus on the solution of multimedia storage problems. Due to the successful development of MPEG-1, VCD and MP3 as the representative of the MPEG-1 products in the worldwide rapid popularization.

Following the successful development of MPEG-1, the MPEG organization introduced the MPEG-2 standard to solve the problem of multimedia transmission in 1996. MPEG-2 's official name is "universal image and sound compression standards". The most compelling product for MPEG-2 standards is digital TV set-top boxes and DVDs.

Since then, MPEG has not stopped moving forward, announcing the first edition of the ISO MPEG-4 (compression of video and audio objects) in January 1999, followed by the publication of a second edition of this standard in December 1999. MPEG-4 's official ISO is named iso/iec14496. MPEG-4 first proposed in May 1991, officially launched in July 1993, became an international standard in January 1999, and has undergone 6 years of research and discussion.

MPEG-1 is used to transmit 1.5Mbps data transmission rate digital storage media motion image and its sound code, after MPEG-1 standard compression, the video data compression rate is 1/100-1/200, the audio compression rate is 1/6.5. MPEG-1 provides an image of 30 frames per second 352*240 resolution, and is close to the quality of the home video format (VHS) tape when appropriate compression technology is used. MPEG-1 allows for more than 70 minutes of high-quality video and audio to be stored on a CD-ROM disk. VCD adopted is the standard of MPEG-1, the standard is a quality-oriented home TV video, audio compression standards.

MPEG-2 is designed primarily for high-definition television (HDTV), with a transmission rate of 10Mbps, compatible with MPEG-1, and suitable for 1.5-60mbps or even higher coding ranges. MPEG-2 has a resolution of 30 frames per second 704*480, which is four times times the MPEG-1 playback speed. It applies to highly demanding broadcast and entertainment applications, such as DSS satellite broadcasts and dvd,mpeg-2, which are twice times the resolution of the Home Video format (VHS) tape.

The MPEG-4 standard is the ultra low bit rate movement image and the language compression standard uses in the transmission rate below 64kbps real-time image transmission, it not only may cover the low-frequency band, also develops to the High-frequency belt. Compared to the first two standards, MPEG 14 provides a broader platform for multimedia data compression. It is more defined as a format, a schema, rather than a specific algorithm. It can use a variety of multimedia technology, including the compression of some of its own tools, algorithms, including image synthesis, speech synthesis and other technologies.

MPEG-4 from the date of its submission has aroused widespread concern, although not everyone is aware of its specific objectives, but it has placed a lot of hope for it. MPEG-4 's greatest innovation is to empower users to build systems for applications, rather than just using application-oriented fixed standards. In addition, MPEG-4 will integrate as many data types as possible, such as natural and synthetic data, to enable the expression of content interactions supported by various transport media. With the help of MPEG-4, we are likely to establish a personalized audio-visual system for the first time.

The MPEG-7 standard, known as the "Multimedia content Description Interface", provides a standardized description of the various types of multimedia information that will be relevant to the content itself, allowing for quick and efficient querying of information of interest to users. It will extend the limited capabilities of existing content-specific solutions, especially as it includes more data types. In other words, MPEG-7 prescribes a standard set of descriptors for describing various types of multimedia information. The standard was presented in October 1998.

MPEG-21 is the latest development level for MPEG. It is a standard that supports transparent and widespread use of multimedia resources through heterogeneous networks and devices, with the goal of creating an interactive multimedia framework. MPEG-21 's technical report paints a picture of a future multimedia environment that can support a wide range of applications where different users can use and transmit all types of digital content. It can also be said that MPEG-21 is a technical standard for the realization of digital multimedia content with intellectual property management and protection capabilities.